Ultrasonic Intensification Research Articles

Study on the thermal field material of FZ-Si crystal waste graphite purified by ultrasonic enhanced acid leaching

This study examines the acid-leaching and purification process of waste graphite in the production of Czochralski monocrystalline silicon. The optimal leaching conditions are identified as a liquid-to-solid ratio of 6, a leaching temperature of 70 °C, an acid concentration of 8 mol, and a leaching time of 60 min. The use of hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid in the acid-leaching process increases the fixed carbon content of waste graphite from ∼94 % to ∼98.5 %. To address the low fixed carbon content that cannot be achieved through conventional acid-leaching, a method combining ultrasonic intensification with hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid leaching is proposed and successfully implemented. Under ultrasonic enhancement conditions, the leaching effect is optimal at a temperature of 60 °C, acidity of 4 mol, and leaching time of 60 min. These results demonstrate that the introduction of ultrasound significantly strengthens the acid-leaching process. The method proposed in this study not only purifies waste graphite through acid-leaching but also elucidates the reaction behavior of various impurity elements during the leaching process. Overall, these findings provide a foundational basis for the recovery of waste graphite in the thermal field.

Application of ultrasonic-enhanced active seed crystals in the removal of sodium oxalate from alumina refinery waste liquor

When organic matter, especially sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4), accumulates to a certain extent, it will seriously affect the alumina production process in the refinery and therefore urgently needs to be removed. This work attempts to illuminate the benefits of ultrasonic intensification of the crystallization process of Na2C2O4, taking the alumina refinery waste liquor, i.e., flat plate washing liquor, as a case study. The effects of different operating parameters (seed crystal addition amount, caustic soda concentration, reaction time, ultrasonic power) on the crystallization behavior and yield are discussed, and it is found that ultrasonic can increase the Na2C2O4 removal rate to 70.4%. The addition of ultrasonic promotes the morphological evolution of Na2C2O4 and is of great significance to the optimization of the components of the precipitated Na2C2O4. Specifically, the proportion of Na2C2O4 in the crystallized product reaches 64% with conventional conditions, while it reaches 77% with ultrasonic conditions. Therefore, ultrasonic can greatly reduce the alkali loss caused by the crystallization process of Na2C2O4 in flat plate washing liquor, which has great economic benefits.

Kinetics and mechanism of ultrasonic enhanced separation of zinc from tannin germanium residue

Tannin germanium residue (TGR) is the main enrichment in the process of hydrometallurgical extraction of germanium (Ge). The removal effect of impurity zinc (Zn) from TGR greatly affects the purity of TGR and the subsequent production process. In this study, a new method of high efficiency separation of impurity Zn from TGR by ultrasonic intensification was proposed. The results of single factor experiment showed that under the optimal purification conditions of ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz, ultrasonic power of 225 W, acid concentration of 20 g/L, liquid-solid ratio of 7.5:1, reaction temperature of 40 ℃ and reaction time of 30 min, the removal efficiency of impurity Zn from TGR was 88.57%, which is 5.22% higher than the conventional purification method. The kinetic analysis based on the shrinking core model indicated that the removal of impurity Zn in TGR was controlled by the diffusion step, and the apparent activation energy of the reaction was reduced by the introduction of ultrasonic. The microscopic mechanism of ultrasonic action showed that the ultrasonic increased the surface free energy of solids and improved the wettability of the purified reagent to solids. When the ultrasonic power was 225 W, the ultrasonic can not only destroy the impurity inclusions and break the solid reactants into small particles, but also avoid the secondary agglomeration of small particles.

Temperature impacts on the growth of hydrogen bubbles during ultrasonic vibration-enhanced hydrogen generation

To improve the hydrogen precipitation performance on the surface of the catalytic layer of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) hydrogen cathode, ultrasonic vibration was employed to accelerate the detachment of hydrogen bubbles on the surface of the catalytic layer. Based on the energy and mechanical analyses of nano and microbubbles, the hydrogen bubble generation mechanism and the effect of temperature on bubble parameters during the evolution process when the ultrasonic field is coupled with the electric field are investigated. The nucleation frequency of the hydrogen bubbles, the relationship between the pressure and temperature and the operating temperature during the generation and detachment of bubbles as well as the detachment radius of bubbles under the action of the ultrasonic field are obtained. The effects of ultrasound and temperature on hydrogen production were verified by visual experiments. The results show that the operating temperature affects the nucleation, growth, and detachment processes of hydrogen bubbles. The effect of temperature on the nucleation frequency of bubbles mainly comes from the Gibbs free energy required for the electrolysis reaction. The bubble radius and growth rate are both related to the temperature to the power of one-third. Ultrasonic waves enhance the separation of hydrogen bubbles from the catalyst surface by acoustic cavitation and impact effects. An increase in the working temperature reduces the activation energy barriers to be overcome for the electrolysis reaction of water, which together with a decrease in the Gibbs free energy and the surface tension coefficient, leads to an increase in the nucleation frequency of the catalytic layer and a decrease in the radius of bubble detachment, and thus improves the hydrogen precipitation performance. Visualization experiments show that in actual PEM hydrogen production, ultrasonic intensification can promote the formation of nucleation sites. The ultrasonic induced fine bubble flow not only has a drag effect on the bubble, but also intensifies the polymerization growth of the bubble due to the impact of the fine bubble flow, thus speeding up the detachment of the bubble, shortening the covering time of the hydrogen bubble on the surface of the catalytic electrode, reducing the activation voltage loss and improve the hydrogen production efficiency of PEM. The experimental results show that when the electrolyte is 60°C, the maximum hydrogen production efficiency of ultrasound is increased by 7.34%, and the average hydrogen production efficiency is increased by 5.83%.

Ultrasonic intensification of flocculation filtration for kaolinite: Unraveling mechanisms and performance gains

The mining industry produces substantial tailings, which present environmental challenges. This necessitates the adoption of efficient solid–liquid separation technologies to convert these tailings into a dewatered and environmentally manageable dry stack form. This work aims to investigate the transformative potential of ultrasonic treatment in the context of flocculation filtration for kaolinite dewatering and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Through Uniform Design optimization, we determined the optimal conditions: 40 W ultrasound power, 12 min duration, and 40 kHz frequency. Experimental validation emphasized the effectiveness of these parameters, revealing a 2.02 % reduction in filter cake water content alongside a significant 2.5-fold enhancement in filtration rate. Furthermore, this combined treatment surpassed the performance of flocculation alone, resulting in the formation of smaller, more desirable flocs. The 3D structural analysis of the filter cake using micro-CT revealed that the synergistic application of ultrasound and flocculation led to a notable decrease in overall porosity. More significantly, there was a substantial reduction of isolated pores (down to 9.32 %). This phenomenon remarkably improved pore connectivity, enlarged pore and channel radii, and effectively mitigated capillary resistance during water transport. Additionally, the filter cake subjected to ultrasound and flocculation treatment showcased a uniform distribution of pore space, indicative of a promising trend towards homogenization across different sections. Ultrasound plays a role in refining flocs and suppressing segregation during tailings flocculation and filtration processes, primarily attributed to the cavitation and acoustic streaming effects of ultrasound. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on the transformative role of ultrasonic treatment in advancing the efficiency and performance of kaolinite dewatering processes.

Numerical Modeling and Economic Analysis of Ultrasonic-Assisted CO2 Absorption Process for Offshore Application

In the quest for net zero carbon emissions by 2050, Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is indispensable. The development of more efficient CO2 capture processes is essential. High-frequency ultrasonic irradiation is an emerging, intensified technique that can enhance the CO2 absorption process. To advance this technology toward commercialization, it is crucial to conduct a thorough economic analysis to allow the identification of the key cost component. While equipment sizing is essential in this economic assessment, there is a lack of numerical models for estimating the size and power consumption of ultrasonic absorbers. This study introduces a numerical model for these predictions. The model was then used to determine the economic feasibility of this emerging technique against the packed bed columns based on capital expenditure (CAPEX), operational expenditure (OPEX), and unit technical cost (UTC) for 20 years of plant operation. According to the economic analysis, ultrasonic intensification requires 34% less CAPEX due to its compact design. Although its OPEX is 11% higher due to the additional electricity needed for the ultrasonic transducers, the UTC is still 3% lower than the conventional packed bed column, demonstrating a potential cost savings in implementing the ultrasonic irradiation-assisted technique during the CO2 absorption process offshore.

Ultrasound-assisted successive recovery of chemical activation agent and synthesis of high sulfur petroleum coke-based carbon anode with progressively improving performance K-ion storage

The effectiveness of continuous synthesis of petroleum coke-based potassium ion battery anodes by chemical activation agent cycle was systematically studied. The potassium ions storage performance in the synthesized carbon anode was measured. High‑sulfur petroleum coke, as a natural sulfur-doped hard carbon skeleton, can provide an excellent active site for the storage of potassium ions. Ultrasonic intensification significantly reduces the elution time required for neutralization and eliminates the need for a forced increase in elution temperature and rate to improve elution efficiency. In the continuous synthesis process, the recycled chemical activation agent not only does not destroy the activation effect but also has stable activation performance and a good driving force for the growth of activated carbon quality (the specific surface area is 1000 ∼ m2 g−1). Moreover, the sulfur content of the prepared hard carbon anode gradually decreases, whereas its electrical conductivity gradually increases, resulting in an increase in its potassium ions storage capacity. The carbon anode prepared by chemical activation agent after four cycles has a high reversible capacity of 290 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability (99.5% hold rate at 0.5 A g−1 after 400 cycles). The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique results show that appropriate sulfur content and perfect carbon skeleton structure can promote potassium ions intercalation kinetics. In conclusion, the chemical activation agent cycling strategy can be used to achieve the continuous synthesis of petroleum coke-based potassium ion battery anode.

Analysis of the design of ultrasonic electronic generators

The design and operation of electronic generators for ultrasonic intensification of processes in gaseous and liquid media will be considered. General requirements and new approaches to electronic generators have been developed based on the analysis of the characteristics of modern piezoelectric vibration systems that perform large amplitude oscillations (quality factor, multi-frequency, multilayer piezoelectric elements). Continuous monitoring of system parameters and setting of optimal operating modes of the electronic generator were studied.

Optimal parameters of processing wheat grain in an ultrasonic installation

The article deals with the issues related to the process of grain processing to accelerate the process of wetting during simple grinding into wallpaper flour and decontamination of grain during storage with ultrasonic intensification of the process. A mathematical simulation of the grain processing process was carried out using the Statistica.10 program. The optimal operating parameters of the preparation of wheat grain for simple grinding were selected: water temperature – 300C, processing time – 40 seconds, the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations – 18-18.2 kHz, the intensity of the ultrasonic field – no more than 1 W/cm2.

Ultrasonic Exposure of the Liquid Film for Highly Efficient Gas Absorption

A model of ultrasonic intensification of the absorption process is proposed, developed, and analyzed. For the first time, the model takes into account the effect of wave-like capillary perturbations of the liquid-gas surface and the acceleration of diffusion in the liquid volume on the absorption rate due to cavitation. According to the results of the model researches, the need for uniform sounding of the extended surface of the liquid film is established to accelerate the absorption of carbon dioxide and other harmful and target gaseous impurities by at least 3 times. The designs and layout of ultrasonic vibration radiators with an extended radiation surface are proposed. The results of measurements of the vibration amplitudes of the invented transducers showed that they have a relative deviation of the amplitude of no more than 0.2. The proposed approaches to the implementation of the process can be recommended for further research, the selection of optimal designs, and industrial applications to accelerate the absorption of gaseous impurities

THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE VALIDATION OF THE METHOD FOR TRIMETOPRIM RESIDUES DETERMINATION IN TISSUES SAMPLES USING THE METHOD OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

The article presents the results of the development of sample preparation method of muscle and parenchymal tissues for their further testing on trimethoprim residues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Trimethoprim test kits from Kwinbon Biotechnology (China), designed to analyze another target matrix, viz. honey. The results of the comparison of sample preparation methods with the use of different techniques of analyte extraction from tissues, with the established percentage of extraction are presented. The most effective conditions are proposed: acetonitrile extraction using ultrasonic intensification, subsequent concentration of the analyte by evaporation, reconstitution of dried residue and degreasing. This approach makes it possible to determine trimethoprim residues in poultry tissues at the level of 5-10 μg/kg with an absolute recovery of about 75%. In accordance with the Decision of the European Commission 2002/657/EC, the validation of the proposed method was carried out taking into account the maximum permissible levels (MRL) of trimethoprim in the tissues of productive animals. The suitability of the method was confirmed on the basis of establishing of the main validation parameters for screening methods (technical threshold and cut-off factor) using control (pure) and spiked with a standard solution of trimethoprim at the level of ½ MRL samples of muscle and parenchymal tissues of broiler chickens. The main advantages of the developed technique are simplicity of performance, rapidity and cost effectiveness. The certainty of the results obtained using the developed method was verified using the confirmatory UPLC-MS/MS method. The article presents the results of a comparative study of pure samples of broiler chickens muscles and parenchymal tissues and spiked at the level of ½ MRL with a standard solution of trimethoprim. The developed screening technique of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is recommended for determination of residual amounts of trimethoprim in tissue samples and can be used for routine laboratory tests, as well as to study the withdrawal procedure of veterinary drugs based on this drug.

Comparing the heat transfer coefficient of copper sulfate and isopropanol solutions in the pool boiling process: Bubble dynamic and ultrasonic intensification

In this work, a comparison study was implemented on the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient (BHTC) between the copper sulfate and isopropanol solutions. To precise investigate; the bubble dynamic including departure diameter, departure frequency and active nucleation sites were examined. In addition, ultrasonic waves’ irradiation (25 kHz) was employed to intensive the solutions and improve the dynamic parameters due to cavitation phenomenon. First, although the cooper sulfate had a bigger bubble departure diameter and more active nucleation sites than isopropanole, its heat transef coefficient was lower due to great bubble departure frequency of isopropanol. Finally, Calus model with an average error of 12.8% for isopropanol and Palen with 13.1% for copper sulfate had the lowest errors. Moreover, the isoropanole at 20 V.% with 15% power of ultrasonic irradiation and the cooper sulfate at 10.5 V.% with 35% had the maximum increase in the BHTC as 10.549% and 18.238%, respectively.

The use of ultrasonic exposure in the production of functional beverages based on natural raw materials

The technology of drinks production makes it possible to create a variety of tastes and use various natural foundations. Expanding the assortment of “wholesome” and “functional” drinks reveals possibilities for controlling the process of biologically active substances entering the body. From a technological point of view, the drink is the most convenient model for creating new products, including the use of natural plant materials. For creating them, traditional extraction methods are often used. They have several drawbacks: they are long, laborious, occur when exposed to high temperatures, which leads to the loss of raw materials of biologically active substances, the taste of aroma, and a decrease in biological value. In this regard, the actual direction of improving technological solutions in this area is the application of the ultrasonic intensification of the extraction process method. Ultrasound can significantly reduce the duration of the process, increase the yield of biologically active target components and improve the organoleptic characteristics of beverage extracts [2]. The work is devoted to the study of the ultrasonic extraction method in the preparation of functional beverages. The obtained data indicate that the use of this method helps to reduce the time of the extractant saturation, increase the antioxidant activity and yield of extractive substances. This result helps to ensure higher organoleptic characteristics of drinks.

Ultrasonic Intensification of Mass Transfer in Organic Acid Extraction

The mechanism of ultrasonic extraction was discovered and analyzed in detail for the liquid membrane technique from the consideration of the specific features of the radial vibrations of a droplet of the dispersed phase placed into an immiscible continuous phase subjected to ultrasonic irradiation. Analytical formulas were derived for the rate of mass transfer as a function of the amplitude of acoustic pressure oscillations and the time of ultrasonic treatment of an extraction system. Conditions for achieving the maximum efficiency of the extraction of a substance under the stimulating effect of ultrasound were analyzed. A nonlinear equation was derived for the radial vibrations of a spherical droplet of the dispersed phase in an immiscible continuous phase under forcing in the form of acoustic pressure periodically changing with time. Experimental study of the dependence of sulfosalicylic acid distribution on time in an aqueous two-phase system with ultrasound shows good agreement of experimental results with the calculations performed.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SULFONAMIDES AND TRIMETOPRIM RESIDUAL QUANTITIES IN MILK SAMPLES BY UPLC-MS/MS METHOD AND ITS VERIFICATION THROUGH INTERLABORATORY TESTING

This manuscript presents the results of development and adoption of the confirmatory UPLC- MS/MS method for determination of sulfonamides and trimethoprim residues in whole and powdered cow's milk samples. Sample preparation includes a recovery with water (in the case of milk powder), separation of milk fat by centrifugation at 4 °C, proteins precipitation with acetonitrile using ultrasonic intensification, extraction of analytes with a two-component mixture of organic solvents from weak acidic phosphate buffer solution, concentration of obtained extracts, degreasing and reconstitution with the mobile phase. The use of tandem-mass spectrometric detector in multiple reaction monitoring mode provides high specificity for all ten sulfonamides, which molecules contain the same structural elements, and trimethoprim, as three ion transitions were used for each of the target analytes. The approach of matrix matched calibration on the milk matrix was applied, and it allowed us to disregard taking into consideration the absolute extraction of analytes during sample preparation, as well as the influence of sample matrix components on analytes ionization. The main advantages of the developed technique are simplicity, rapidity and cost effective sample preparation, fast procedure of sample analysis (the time of chromatographic separation is 2.0 min), high selectivity, and sensitivity at the level of ≤ 0.5 μg/kg (as compared with the maximum residues level of sulfonamides in dairy products, viz. 100 μg/kg). According to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, the values of CCα and CCβ for sulfonamides and trimethoprim in milk were calculated. The capability of the method was confirmed on the basis of the established validation parameters, using spiked milk samples and "added – found" approach. The method was tested during the analysis of spiked samples of whole and powdered cow's milk (CV ~ 20%). The developed technique was verified by interlaboratory comparative testing of milk powder samples for sulfonamides content. The UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of sulfonamides and trimethoprim residues in whole and milk powder samples can be used both for routine laboratory analysis of dairy products and for the examination of suspicious or questionable samples.

Effect of different waveforms and harmonic frequency orders on bubble cavitation in dual-frequency ultrasonic intensification

A numerical investigation of ultrasonic dual-frequency waveform assisted transesterification was performed. The dual-frequency waveforms of square waves (SQ + SQ), sine waves (SIN + SIN), and sawtooth waves (ST + ST) were explored. For non-sinusoidal signals, the Fourier coefficient and Fourier series were applied to convert the signal into the sum of sinusoidal waves in order to determine the bubble cavitation using Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The bubble radius ratios (R/Ro) of each waveform were evaluated to find the maximum value. At fundamental frequencies, the maximum R/Ro were 37.08, 31.65, and 12.06 for SQ + SQ, SIN + SIN and ST + ST, respectively. This revealed that the SQ + SQ had a stronger effect on the bubble size than the others. In summary, SQ + SQ had strongest influence on cavitation. Then, harmonic frequency orders (HFOs) were investigated for these two non-sinusoidal waveforms. For SQ + SQ, R/Ro increased with increasing HFO. The maximum R/Ro of 41.29 occurred at the 9th HFO and then started to decrease after this order. On the other hand, for ST + ST, increasing the HFO had no positive effect on the R/Ro. Additionally, increase in HFO would only promote R/Ro if combined waves amplitude were increased. Finally, the optimised HFO will be further used for the enhancement of biodiesel yield.

Ultrasonic Intensification of Low-Temperature Plasma Synthesis of Ceramic-Like Coatings of Valve Metals

The authors have presented a method of ultrasonic intensification of anode–cathode interactions during the formation, in water–alkali electrolytes, of ceramic-like coatings on the surface of valve metals in the process of low-temperature plasma synthesis. An algorithm of directional influence of high-energy fields on the distinctive features and rate of chemical reactions at the electrolyte–metal–coating interface through changing the solution’s state by ultrasonic pulses in the process of anodic microarc oxidation has been developed. The authors have elucidated the mechanism and have determined the character and level of effect of the proposed intensification on the dynamics of growth of a coating under low-temperature-plasma conditions of a liquid medium. It has been shown that mechanical (ultrasonic) activation of the electrolyte is responsible for the intensification of the process of transfer of charge carriers, which are primarily electrolyte ions. Procedures and equipment have been described using which the values of an ultrasonic signal formed under various conditions were recorded. The nature of more intense buildup in the thickness of a ceramic-like coating with reduced energy expenditure to form it has been elucidated. This is explained by the appearance in the electrolyte, during its ultrasonic activation, of the great number of high-frequency damped oscillations of irregular waveform with a high amplitude as far as the current is concerned (5 A or higher), which is attributable to the occurrence of a synergetic effect.

The study of the possibility of drug dissolution of gallbladder calculi

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to verify the possibility of ultrasonic intensification of drug dissolution of cholesterol calculi of the gallbladder using conventional ultrasound frequency and intensity from 0.1 to 0.5 W/cm2.Design/methodology/approachFor research purposes, the physical model was developed containing pig bile, pig liver, pigskin, fat and muscles, as well as human cholesterol calculus removed by surgery and a drug with ursodeoxycholic acid.FindingsThe studies have shown the possibility of accelerating the drug dissolution of calculi of the gallbladder with ultrasound exposure. The ultrasound intensity of 0.4 W/cm2 is the most preferable to intensify the dissolution of calculus.Originality/valueThe results will be used to advance with development of the device and methodology for ultrasonic intensification of drug dissolution of gallbladder calculi.

Интенсификация процессов биотехнологических систем при ультразвуковом воздействии

ENERGY AND AUTOMATION OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS LANGUAGE Select Language English FONT SIZE ABOUT THE AUTHORS V. Shtepa POLESSKY STATE UNIVERSITY A. Kozir POLESSKY STATE UNIVERSITY A. Novosad National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” N. Zaiets National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine ARTICLE TOOLS Print this article Indexing metadata How to cite item Finding References Email this article Email the author Journal Help USER You are logged in as... sinyavsky2008 My Journals My Profile Log Out INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians NOTIFICATIONS View (735 new) Manage Example of bibliographic description The list of journals included in scientometric databases: - Scopus (Uкraine, Belarus, Poland, Russia); - Іndex Copernicus; - Web of Sciense (humanities, natural sciences, social sciences); - РІНЦ. Search algorithm and calculation scientometric indicator: - Scopus; - Publish or Perish; - Google Scholar; - SNIP-іndex journal. SOCIAL NETWORKS HOME ABOUT USER HOME SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES STATISTICS REMINDER FOR AUTHORS Home > No 3 (2020) > Shtepa INTENSIFICATION OF PROCESSES OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS UNDER ULTRASONIC IMPACT V. Shtepa, A. Kozir, A. Novosad, N. Zaiets ABSTRACT The research methodology for anaerobic whey fermentation was based on the fact that the community of methane-forming microorganisms consists of three types of bacteria, and the efficiency of biogas plants depends on various factors, one of which is the uniformity and homogeneity of the mass loaded into the bioreactor. When checking the effect of cavitation ultrasonic treatment on milk whey, laboratory biogas plants were justified and created, with the help of which the effect of treatment on the release of biogas and the acceleration of the rate of its production was studied. The research methodology for intensifying the growth of microgreens was based on the fact that when treated with ultrasound, seeds are disinfected, covered with microcracks from 1 to 10 microns, which leads to an increase in the flow of water and air to the seeds, and seed germination is also accelerated. The seeds of rape variety "Hephaestus" were treated in a glass flask with a volume of 1000 ml. Water from a closed water supply unit, where the Lena sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) was grown, was used as a working medium. In both cases, an electrical unit operating at a frequency of 22 kHz (power up to 76 W) was used as a source of ultrasound. Microgreen samples, which were treated with ultrasound, showed a practical result of an increase of up to 78 % (power 42 W) from ideal, and when processing with a higher power, the increase reached 97% (power 76 W). An analysis of the germination rate of samples with the same processing power showed that in samples in which the processing time was longer, the percentage of germination was higher: by 5 % when processing with a power of 76 W, and by 3 % when processing with a power of 42 W. The results obtained substantiated further research in the direction of constructing adaptive control systems for ultrasonic intensification of biotechnological processes based on artificial intelligence.

Ultrasonic Intensification of Uranium Sorption from Pregnant Solutions by Ion-Exchange Resin

Until now, the intensification of ion exchange processes (sorption, desorption, washing of ion exchanger) remains an urgent problem in obtaining commercial strippants. This paper presents the study of ultrasonic (US) effects on the process of uranium sorption from pregnant solutions by ion-exchange resin at operating in-situ leach recovery (“ISR”) uranium production. The study and evaluation of effectiveness of ultrasonic intensifying the ion exchange processes was implemented at one of the mines of NAC Kazatomprom JSC. Ultrasonic pulses periodically generated by emitters produced effects on the whole working space of the mass transfer apparatus. Thus, the whole mass of reagents is kept in continuous motion, and the whole surface of the anion exchanger grains is permanently purified during the ultrasonic device operation. The study findings showed that the ultrasonic intensification of the sorption process allows: - increasing the sorption rate by 6.4 times at uranium concentration in the pregnant solutions of 0.003 g/m 3 ; - increasing the sorption rate by 1.4 times at uranium concentration in the pregnant solutions of 0.014 g/m 3 ; - achieving weighted average increasing the sorption rate by 1.3 times through applying the ultrasonic treatment; - increasing full dynamic exchange capacity of the ion exchange resin for uranium in 1.13 times at keeping mechanical strength of the ion exchanger grains.