Abstract
The mechanism of ultrasonic extraction was discovered and analyzed in detail for the liquid membrane technique from the consideration of the specific features of the radial vibrations of a droplet of the dispersed phase placed into an immiscible continuous phase subjected to ultrasonic irradiation. Analytical formulas were derived for the rate of mass transfer as a function of the amplitude of acoustic pressure oscillations and the time of ultrasonic treatment of an extraction system. Conditions for achieving the maximum efficiency of the extraction of a substance under the stimulating effect of ultrasound were analyzed. A nonlinear equation was derived for the radial vibrations of a spherical droplet of the dispersed phase in an immiscible continuous phase under forcing in the form of acoustic pressure periodically changing with time. Experimental study of the dependence of sulfosalicylic acid distribution on time in an aqueous two-phase system with ultrasound shows good agreement of experimental results with the calculations performed.
Highlights
People successfully used various extraction methods in one or another form to improve their wellbeing by increasing the quality of the implementation of the developing capabilities of chemistry and physics throughout the entire period of human civilized existence [1]
Its advantages over other extraction methods are a decrease in the extraction time and energy consumption and an increase in the yield of products and the preservation of the biological activity of recovered biomolecules due to lower extraction temperatures [26]
The study [29] in which conditions for the effective use of ultrasonic intensification were experimentally found for the recovery and separation of antioxidants from wheat chaff in an aqueous two-phase system can be cited as an example that confirms the existence of a large variety of objects for the use of ultrasonic extraction
Summary
People successfully used various extraction methods in one or another form to improve their wellbeing by increasing the quality of the implementation of the developing capabilities of chemistry and physics throughout the entire period of human civilized existence [1]. Even in the simplest case of ordinary irradiation of the working volume of an extractor with low-power ultrasound, certain features caused by external action can be revealed that can substantially change the efficiency of the process In this study, such an important characteristic of extraction as mass transfer implemented under the conditions of a breakup of the original solution containing the target component (the compound being extracted) into droplets is investigated for the case where external ultrasonic radiation directly affects this process by forcing the droplets of the original solution to perform radial vibrations, substantially changing the pattern of the recovery of the extract in comparison with the conventional scheme for the treatment of a liquid. The revealed specificity of the dependence of the extractant concentration on the time and intensity of ultrasonic irradiation can be a determining point in choosing the efficient regime of the use of ultrasonic extraction
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