Ultrasonic Extraction Method Research Articles

Ekstraksi senyawa tanin dalam ampas kopi sebagai sumber daya tanin terbarukan

The increase in global coffee consumption causes an increase in the amount of waste. One of the components of coffee grounds waste that is thrown into the environment is tannin. Tannins are applied in various industries, including the textile, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. The research aims to observe the effect of temperature and extraction time on tannin content using the ultrasonic extraction method. Extraction was carried out using 80% ethanol solvent with 2 variations, namely, variations in extraction temperature (40, 45, 50, 55, and 60) ˚C and extraction time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60) minutes. Extracts containing tannins were then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Tannin levels were tested qualitatively using FeCl3 and Gelatin, and quantitative analysis was carried out using a UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. The functional groups contained in the tannin extract were tested using the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) Spectroscopy method. The highest tannin content was obtained at an extraction temperature of 55°C and an extraction time of 10 minutes, amounting to 215.85 mg/g-1. The tannins contained in coffee grounds extract are condensed tannins.

The defect feature extraction of ultrasonic phased array detection based on adaptive region growth.

An ultrasonic phased array defect extraction method based on adaptive region growth is proposed, aiming at problems such as difficulty in defect identification and extraction caused by noise interference and complex structure of the detected object during ultrasonic phased array detection. First, bilateral filtering and grayscale processing techniques are employed for the purpose of noise reduction and initial data processing. Following this, the maximum sound pressure within the designated focusing region serves as the seed point. An adaptive region iteration method is subsequently employed to execute automatic threshold capture and region growth. In addition, mathematical morphology is applied to extract the processed defect features. In the final stage, two sets of B-scan images depicting hole defects of varying sizes are utilized for experimental validation of the proposed algorithm's effectiveness and applicability. The defect features extracted through this algorithm are then compared and analyzed alongside the histogram threshold method, Otsu method, K-means clustering algorithm, and a modified iterative method. The results reveal that the margin of error between the measured results and the actual defect sizes is less than 13%, representing a significant enhancement in the precision of defect feature extraction. Consequently, this method establishes a dependable foundation of data for subsequent tasks, such as defect localization and quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Properties of lectin from tissue culture of Ungernia victoris and its ultrasonic extraction

The aim was to investigate biomass extracts of U. victoris strain UV-2 tissue culture for the content of lectins, to study their general characteristics and to optimize the method of ultrasonic extraction to obtain a soluble form of the lectin. Methods. Tissue culture method, direct hemagglutination test for detection of lectin activity (LA), determination of lectin carbohydrate specificity, ultrasonic extraction method. The results. Lectin activity was detected in the soluble (supernatant) and insoluble (sediment) fractions of the extract of biomass U. victoris tissue culture. In the soluble fraction LA was significantly less compared to that in the sediment, which indicated the presence of the membrane-bound form of the lectin. LA was characterized by pronounced species specificity: the reaction with mouse erythrocytes was the most intense. The study of carbohydrate specificity revealed a weak affinity for monosugars (galactose and galactosamine) and pronounced suppression of LA in the case of polysaccharides - hyaluronic acid, heparin and mucin. The possibilities of the ultrasound extraction method for separation the detected lectin from the the cell surface in the sediment fraction were investigated and the extraction procedure was optimized. The transition of LA into the soluble phase under the influence of ultrasound depended on the following parameters: the concentration and volume of the extract, as well as the time of exposure to ultrasound. It was established that the LA of the soluble phase doubled compared to the initial one with an extract concentration of 50 mg/ml and a volume of 20 ml under the action of ultrasound 40 kHz/70 W in the interval of 15-45 minutes. Longer ultrasound treatment had a negative effect on LA. Conclusions. Lectin activity of U. victoris tissue culture biomass extracts was discovered for the first time, which can become a promising source of lectin with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. The general characteristics of the lectin were given, and its species and carbohydrate specificity was revealed. The lectin was generally characterized and its species and carbohydrate specificity were established. Possibilities of ultrasound extraction were used and the procedure was optimized to obtain a soluble form of the lectin, necessary for its further fundamental and practical research.

Optimizing Ultrasonic Extraction and Purification of Nuciferine With Response Surface Method

Background Lotus leaves are obtained from plants belonging to the genus Nelumbo in the Nymphaeaceae family. They serve both as agricultural produce and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Nuciferine, an amorphine alkaloid found in lotus leaves, holds significance due to its anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic properties. Objective The factors influencing nuciferine extraction from lotus leaves using the dipping-acid-assisted ultrasonic extraction method (DAUEM) have received limited attention. This study aims to optimize DAUEM conditions (ethanol concentration, solvent-to-material ratio, and ultrasonic extraction time) through a Box-Behnken response surface design. Methods Nuciferine purification from lotus leaves is achieved using D101 macroporous adsorptive resin. A single-factor test, with ethanol concentration ( V/V), solvent-to-material ratio ( V/M), and ultrasonic extraction time as variables, serves as a basis for optimizing the nuciferine extraction process via the response surface methodology. Results The highest nuciferine yield (0.1035 ± 0.005)% was obtained using 74% ethanol ( V/V), a 26:1 solvent-to-material ratio, and an 82min extraction time. Nuciferine purity reached 67.14% using 70% ethanol as the eluent and high-performance liquid chromatography for determination. DAUEM effectively extracts nuciferine from lotus leaves, with optimization achieved using Box-Behnken response surface methodology. D101 macroporous adsorption resin efficiently separates and purifies nuciferine in lotus leaves. Conclusion This experiment demonstrates good precision and accuracy, making it suitable for the extraction, separation, and purification of nuciferine in lotus leaves. The method lays the foundation for the development and utilization of nuciferine.

Ultrasonic phase extraction method for co-cable identification in coherent optical transmission systems

Ultrasonic phase extraction method for co-cable identification in coherent optical transmission systems

Exploring antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Mutingia calabura (Kerukupsiam) leaf extract: In vitro analysis and molecular docking study

Antioxidant activity and antihyperglycemic constituents and of traditional medicinal plants are currently the preferred therapeutic means of treatment and management of diabetes because of the undesired adverse effect of synthetic drugs. Muntingia calabura (Kerukupsiam) leaves and other parts are considered as alternative natural sources of treatment for diabetes. Ultrasonic assisted extraction is a novel approach for extraction of phytoconstituents which gives high extraction yield of bioactive compounds. However, there has been no published information presently on the use of ethanol ultrasonic assisted extraction method for assessment of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of M. calabura leaves. Hence, the current study aims to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of M. calabura leave extract. IC50 analysis was done to determine theinhibitory concentration and the results obtained from 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay showed IC50 of gallic acid to be 1.0 µg/ml, which is lower than M. calabura leaves extract at 2.54 µg/ml, indicating that only small concentration of gallic acid was required to inhibit the free radicals at 50 %. However, IC50 analysis for amylase inhibition showed that M. calabura extract had 44.39 µg/ml antidiabetic activity compared to acarbose with 57.1 µg/ml activity. This indicates that M. calabura leaves extract has a better inhibition on amylase activity compared to the acarbose which is a synthetic drug. Further still, in silico study was carried out and the molecular docking result of eight ligands against amylase indicates quercetin had the least binding free energy of −9.1 kcal/mol, indicating the strongest interaction. Using Lineweaver-Burk plot, the results showed a competitive inhibition, hence, it was justified that M. calabura has the potential to manage diabetes and other diseases related to free radicals.

Targeted multi-analyte UHPLC-MS/MS methodology for emerging contaminants in septic tank wastewater, sludge and receiving surface water.

Septic tanks treat wastewater of individual houses and small communities (up to 2000 people in Scotland) in rural and semi-urban areas and are understudied sources of surface water contamination. A multi-analyte methodology with solid phase extraction (SPE), ultra-sonic extraction, and direct injection sample preparation methods was developed to analyse a comprehensive range of emerging contaminants (ECs) including prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals and related metabolites, natural and synthetic hormones, and other human wastewater marker compounds in septic tank influent and effluent, river water, suspended solids, and septic tank sludge by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The number of quantifiable compounds in each matrix varied from 68 in septic tank wastewater to 59 in sludge illustrating its applicability across a range of matrices. Method quantification limits were 2.9 × 10-5-1.2 μg L-1 in septic tank influent, effluent and river water, with ≤0.01 μg L-1 achieved for 60% of ECs in all three water matrices, and 0.080-49 μg kg-1 in sludge. The developed method was applied to a septic tank (292 population equivalents) and the receiving river in the North-East of Scotland. Across all samples analysed, 43 of 68 ECs were detected in at least one matrix, demonstrating the method's sensitivity. The effluent concentrations suggest limited removal of ECs in septic tanks and a potential impact to river water quality for some ECs. However, further monitoring is required to better appreciate this. The developed methodology for a wide variety of ECs in a range of liquid and solid phases will allow, for the first time, a comprehensive assessment of ECs fate and removal in septic tanks, and their impact to surface water quality.

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LOWLAND BLACK POTATO PEELS (PLECTRANTHUS ROTUNDIFOLIUS) WITH COW MANURE USING ULTRASONIC BATH EXTRACTION METHOD

Introduction. Black potato (Plectranthus rotundifolius) is one of the tubers in Indonesia and not well known by the public. It causes inadequate use of black potato than any other tubers. The parts that are currently used are the potato flesh. Meanwhile, the black potato peels are not used. Although the black potato peels contain polyphenol saponins, flavonoids, and antioxidant compounds. Method. Phytochemicals can be separated using extraction methods, one of the modern extraction methods used is the ultrasonic bath method. The ultrasonic bath method is a method that uses ultrasonic waves with a frequency greater than 16-20 KHz. The objective of this research is to determine the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of lowland black potato peels with cow manure using ultrasonic bath extraction method. The research was conducted experimentally using RAL (Completely Randomized Design) with 3 factors and 3 replications, which included the difference in extraction temperature (55°C); extraction time (15 and 20 minutes); and the ratio of materials and solvents (1:5 and 1:10). Results & Analysis.The data obtained were yield, total phenolics, total tannins, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of black potato peels extracted using ultrasonic bath method with different temperature, extraction time and solvent ratio. The data obtained were analyzed using the Anova test with a significance of α = 0.05. Discussion. The analysis indicated that the treatment of 5 kg/plot manure with an extraction time of 20 minutes, at a temperature of 55°C, and a ratio of ingredients and solvents is 1:10 provided the best quality at 4.13% moisture content, 17.90% yield, 0.177 g/g phenols total, 0.063 g/g tannins, 0.096 g/g flavonoids and 45.275 ppm antioxidant activity.

Determination of Four Chemical Components in Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills by UPLC-MS/MS Method

Background In this study, the ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to test the contents of protocatechuic acid (C7H6O4), salvianolic acid B (C36H30O16), rosmarinic acid (C19H14O3), and cryptotanshinone (C19H20O3) in Qishen Yiqi dripping pills. Materials and Methods Methanol was chosen as the solvent according to a certain material–liquid ratio as a solution, and the ultrasonic extraction method was used to prepare the sample solution. UPLC-MS/MS was used to complete a quantitative analysis of the contents of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills. Then, the chromatographic conditions were shown as follows. The stationary phase was Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 µm), and the mobile phase was acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid water. The column temperature was 40℃, the injection volume was 3 µL, and the flow rate was 0.2 mL⋅min–1. Finally, the determination method was built to test four chemical constituents under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis mode. Results The retention times of protocatechuic acid, salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, and cryptotanshinone were 1.26, 1.32, 1.35, and 6.76 min, respectively. In addition, the concentration ranges of four compounds were 0.25–2.0 µg⋅mL−1, 10.0–50.0 µg⋅mL−1, 5.0–50.0 µg⋅mL−1, and 1.0–10.0 µg⋅mL−1, respectively. And the standard curve showed a good linear relationship in a reasonable range ( r2 ≥ 0.9950). The average recovery rate was from 96% to 124%. The contents of protocatechuic acid, salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, and cryptotanshinone were 0.12%–0.022%, 17%–8.4%, and 6.5%–8.6% in seven batches of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills, which were in the range of 23%–31%. The instrument ran stably, and the method had good accuracy and repeatability (relative standard deviation [RSD] ≤ 3%). Additionally, the test result was stable within 10 h. Conclusion The contents of the four constituents were different among different batches. The quantitative method was established to determine the four chemical components in Qishen Yiqi dripping pills, which could provide a reference for quality evaluation in vivo.

Biodiesel from Dunaliella salina Microalgae Using Base Catalyzed Transesterification – An Assessment through GC/MS, FTIR and NMR Studies

Algal biofuels are a promising renewable feedstock to produce energy that can supplement future energy demands greatly. The present study aims to utilize Dunaliella salina, a hypersaline, unicellular greenish-orange micro-algae, to produce bio-oil. F/2 nutrient media and trace metal and vitamin solution under carbon-dioxide-rich conditions were used to cultivate the microalgae. Ultrasonic extraction method at 60 Hz for 90 min isolated 650 mL of bio-oil. A single-stage based-catalyzed transesterification process with methanol and sodium hydroxide yielded 380 mL of Pure Dunaliella salina biodiesel at % an extraction efficiency of 87%. The Phytochemical screening on the cultivated Dunaliella sp. was performed to understand its feasibility to be used as a fuel for IC engines. Furthermore, the obtained biodiesel was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectral analysis.

Effects of ultrasonic-enzymatic-assisted ethanol precipitation method on the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides

This investigation involved the extraction of a novel polysaccharide from the spore fermentation broth of Tremella fuciformis using a method that combined ultrasonic and enzymatic assistance with ethanol precipitation. It was then compared with enzymatic and ultrasonic extraction methods. The objective of this research is to offer a reference point for expanding the application of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction technology in T. fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPs). Based on single-factor experiments, Box-Behnken was used to optimize the extraction conditions of TFPs by ultrasonic-enzymatic-assisted ethanol precipitation extraction. The results revealed an optimal combination of enzymes, with a cellulase-to-papain ratio of 2:1, an enzyme addition of 4000U/100 mL, an enzymolysis temperature of 49 °C, ultrasonicpower at 3 W/mL and an ultrasonictime of 20 min. The extraction rate of TFPs and α- amylase inhibition rates were 23.94 % and 61.44 %, respectively. Comparing the physicochemical properties, structural characterization and in vitro activity of TFPs extracted through different methods, the results showed that ultrasonic treatment significantly influences the apparent morphology of polysaccharide and could enhance its in vitro biological activity. However, different extraction techniques exhibit insubstantial impact on the chemical composition, glycosidic bonds or glycosidic ring configurations within the polysaccharides. Among them, ultrasonic-enzymatic-assisted ethanol precipitation extraction of polysaccharide has the highest extraction rate and the lowest viscosity. It has significant effects on ABTS+ scavenging activity, α- amylase inhibition rate and glucose dialysis retardation index, polysaccharide treated with ultrasonic-enzymatic showed the best performance. These findings suggest that ultrasonic-enzymatic-assisted ethanol precipitation extraction can enhance the activities of TFPs, thereby providing a valuable insight for their future development and application.

Fabrication of wound dressings: Herbal extract-loaded nanoliposomes embedded in fungal chitosan/polycaprolactone electrospun nanofibers for tissue regeneration.

Wound healing is a complex process and one of the major therapeutic and economic subjects in the pharmaceutical area. In recent years, the fabrication of nano-sized wound dressing models has attracted great attention for tissue regeneration. Plant extracts loaded nanoparticles are environmentally friendly and non-toxic and the release of the bioactive substance will be controlled to the wound area. This study aims to fabricate wound dressing models that contain bioactive components for tissue regeneration. Fungal chitosan/polycaprolactone nanofiber was fabricated by electrospinning and it has been characterized. Plant extracts loaded nanoliposomes were prepared, characterized, and embedded in nanofiber structures. The effectiveness of wound dressing models for tissue regeneration was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies. It was observed that all wound dressing models positively affect the cell viability of human dermal fibroblast cells. It was determined that plant extracts loaded nanoparticles embedded in nanofibers increased in cell viability than nanoparticles that were non-embedded in nanofiber structures. Histological analysis showed that plant extract-loaded nanoliposomes embedded in chitosan/PCL nanofibers were used for tissue regeneration. The most effective nanofibers were determined as Wd-ClNL nanofibers. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Hypericum perforatum L. and Cistus laurifolius L. were prepared by modified ultrasonic extraction method. Fungal chitosan/polycaprolactone nanofiber was fabricated by electrospinning and it has been characterized. Plant extract-loaded nanoliposomes were prepared, and characterized. They were embedded in chitosan/polycaprolactone nanofiber. Effects of the wound dressing model were analyzed by in vitro and in vivo assays for tissue regeneration.

Chemical components in the essential oils and ultrasonic extraction of amanus sage pholomis longifolia var. Longifolia boiss. & bl

In the present study the essential oil components of the flowers and leaves of Amanus sage Pholomis longifolia var. longifolia boiss. & Bl by ultrasonic extraction and steam distillation method were determined. According to the chemical composition analysis of Amanus Sage plant using ultrasonic extraction method, major components were methyl-7-octadecenoate (69.02%) and methyl elaidate (16.87%). The essential oil contents of flowers and leaves of the Amanus sage plant were also determined by steam distillation method. When the essential oil components of the flower were examined, the main components were found to be tricosane (22.39%), caryophyllene (22.17%), alpha-cubebene (14.4305), beta-farnesene (7.7%) and linalool (4.69%). On the other hand the main components in the the leaves were caryophyllene oxide (27.20%), fenchone (18.63%), 1,8-cineole (6.12%), camphor (4.82%), and alpha-cubebene (4.11%). Bioactive properties of the components of Amanus sage obtained from both the ultrasonic extraction and steam distillation methods showed that this plant has important medicinal and aromatic properties. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 799-803, 2023 (September)

A rapid method for the determination of alkenylbenzenes in spices by gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS)

Alkenylbenzene is a group of natural toxins that can cause genetic damage and cancer in rodents. These toxins are found in high amounts in common spices such as pepper, basil, cinnamon, dill, and others. This study aimed to develop a method for measuring eight alkenylbenzenes (eugenol, methyl eugenol, acetyl eugenol, trans-isoeugenol, safrole, estragole, myristicin and trans-anethole) in various spices using gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC–HRMS) with a simple ultrasonic vibration sample extraction method. The method was validated according to AOAC standards. The method had detection and quantification limits of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery ranged from 90.1% to 107% and the repeatability (RSD) ranged from 1.00% to 6.60% for all eight compounds, meeting the AOAC requirements. The analysis of 90 different dried and fresh spice samples revealed that eugenol (1.86–3581 mg/kg), trans-anethole (0.89–45.6 × 103 mg/kg) and estragole (0.19-248 mg/kg) were the main alkenylbenzenes, while trans-isoeugenol (0.69–7.86 mg/kg) and safrole (0.15–0.42 mg/kg) were the minor ones.

Ultrasonic extraction and purification of scutellarin from Erigerontis Herba using deep eutectic solvent

Nowadays, deep eutectic solvent (DES) was widely used in the extraction of bioactive in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an alternative to organic solvents. While as, it is still a challenge for the removal of DES solvents and recovery of the extracted product. In this study, a simple, efficient and green technique of preparing scutellarin from Erigerontis Herba(EH) was proposed, combining ultrasonic assisted-DES extraction with anti-solvent purification. Firstly, different types of DES were prepared and studied for their abilities to extract scutellarin from EH. DES composed of choline chloride and acetamide (1:4 mol/mol) with 30% water obtained the highest extraction yield. Anti-solvent was proved as an efficient method to recover scutellarin from the DES extract with a content of purification up to 71.2%. Moreover, microscopic structural analysis was carried out to investigate the extract process and explain the extraction principle. Furthermore, the antioxidative activities of the DES extracts were evaluated, indicated that the bioactive property of scutellarin were still remained by using DES as the extraction solvent. In conclusion, the proposed simple and green ultrasonic assisted DES extraction method will serve as an effective alternative strategy to extract bioactive compounds from TCM.

The Effects of Different Extraction Methods and Solvents on Antioxidant Properties of Propolis

Propolis is a complex sticky substance produced by the honey bees (Apis mellifera) from the resinous materials they collect from various parts of plant and used by the bees to defend their hives from pathogenic microorganisms. This research aimed to compare the antioxidant properties of propolis extracts produced by using different solvents and extraction methods. The method used in the extraction stage is of great importance as the amount and quality of the bioactive components in the final product are directly affected by the extraction method applied. To obtain propolis extracts, both classical and ultrasonic extraction methods were used with distilled water and 20% propylene glycol-distilled water as solvents. Folin-Ciocalteau method was used to record the total phenolic content of propolis extracts. In this study, to measure the antioxidant activity of extracts, three methods were used that are FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS. Moreover, the aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for total flavonoid content analysis. According to analysis, brix values recorded between 14.90-27.50 for classic method and 14.40-16.50 for ultrasonic method. The total phenolic content calculated as 721.31-14419.46 mg GAE/L for classic method, and 1212.32-33621.70 mg GAE/L in ultrasonic method. Also, the total amount of flavonoid content was measured as 1137.52-24884.70 mg QE/L extract in ultrasonic method, and 2144.77-74021.42 mg QE/L extract in classic method. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the samples were calculated as 0.46-15.21 IC50 µl/ml in classic method, and 1.36-31.86 IC50 µl/ml in ultrasonic method, ABTS+ values changed from 0.09-2.71 IC50 µl/ml in classic method, and 0.21-4.64 IC50 µl/ml in ultrasonic method, and FRAP values measured between 29.22-639.43 µM TE/g in ultrasonic method, and 54.72-1783.02 µM TE/g in classic method. More studies and analysis are needed to investigate the effects of solvents and extraction methods on propolis extracts, as well as on the antioxidant properties of these extracts.

Study of alcoholic-water extracts of Thymus Vulgaris obtained by ultrasonic extraction method

Alcohol-water extracts of Thymus vulgaris have obtained by ultrasonic extraction method for different times extraction. The obtained extracts have been tested for the quantitative content of extractive substances, phenolic compounds and flavonoids and for the presence of antioxidant activity. The best studied indicators were found in extract obtained by ultrasound extraction for 40 minutes (content of extractive substances 25 mg / ml, sum of polyphenolic compounds 30 mg / ml, flavonoids content 45 mg / ml).

Effects of ultrasonic assisted high-temperature cooking method on the physicochemical structure characteristics and in vitro antioxidant capacities of dietary fiber from Dendrocalamus brandisii Munro shoots

In this study, the ultrasonic assisted high-temperature cooking extraction method of soluble dietary fiber from bamboo shoots was optimized by response surface methodology, and the effects of ultrasonic assisted high-temperature cooking extraction on the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from bamboo shoots were evaluated. The yield of modified UH-SDF11UH-SDF: Extraction of soluble dietary fiber from Dendrocalamus brandisii Munro shoots by ultrasonic assisted high-temperature cooking method. was significantly higher than that of untreated D-SDF22D-SDF: Untreated extracted soluble dietary fiber from Dendrocalamus brandisii Munro shoots.. FTIR and XRD confirmed that UH-SDF had more hydrophilic groups and higher crystallinity (28.73 %), resulting in better thermal stability. SEM observation showed that UH-SDF exhibited a more loose microstructure, and the particle size of UH-SDF (601.52 μm) was significantly smaller than that of D-SDF (242.59 μm), so UH-SDF had a larger specific surface area. In addition, UH-SDF has stronger water holding capacity, water swelling capacity and oil holding capacity than D-SDF. The DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates of UH-SDF were 8.91 % and 7.49 % higher than those of D-SDF. In addition, the reducing ability of UH-SDF was higher than that of D-SDF, which had better antioxidant activity. In summary, UH-SDF has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory functional food.

Anthocyanins and Total Phenolic Compounds from Pigment Extractions of Non-Native Species from the Umia River Basin: Eucalyptus globulus, Tradescantia fluminensis, and Arundo donax

Alien invasive species (AIS) and non-native species are a prominent and extended problem in a wide range of areas in Europe and around the world. Centered in the Umia’s riparian forest, in Galicia, we found at least three main AIS needing to be controlled and harvested to preserve the biodiversity of the area. Previous studies probed that leaves and bark of selected species—Tradescantia fluminensis, Arundo donax, and Eucalyptus globulus—have important antioxidant properties, suitable for use in pharmaceutical and industrial contexts. A comparison of four solid-liquid extraction methods—Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, thermal agitator, and infusion—was conducted in order to define the most efficient method in correlation within antioxidant (anthocyanins and total phenols) extraction. Water was selected as solvent, providing a sustainable research background without implying any chemical additives. The best extraction yields were obtained with Soxhlet extraction for all raw matter, with best results for Tradescantia fluminensis (41.89%) and Eucalyptus globulus leaves (39.35%); followed by the ultrasonic assisted extraction method, with better yield performed with Eucalyptus leaves (27.07%). On the contrary, Tradescantia fluminensis showed better efficiency with thermal agitator (35.07% compared to 23.19% from ultrasound extraction). After extractions, identification and quantification of total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were carried out using spectrophotometric determination and acid hydrolysis in butanol method. In general, the best extraction yield in correlation with higher antioxidant content was performed by thermal agitator method, and Eucalyptus globulus leaves were demonstrated to be the better anthocyanins (6.18 ± 0.82 mg CC/g) and total phenols containers (172.40 ± 44.53 mg GAE/g). Studies provided promising possibilities for the residues of the three non-native species analyzed, as a source of antioxidants, favoring circular economy systems, as well as taking care of biodiversity in affected environments.

Isolation of coumarins with anti-Trichophyton rubrum activity from Heracleum vicinum Boiss.

Heracleum vicinum Boiss., a perennial plant of Angelica in Umbelliferae, is mainly distributed in Sichuan and Hunan of China. Trichophyton rubrum is a common skin fungus causing dermatophyte. The previous experimental study found that the ethanol extract from Heracleum vicinum Boiss. had excellent anti-Trichophyton rubrum activity, especially the ethanol extract further extracted with petroleum ether and dichloromethane has the best antibacterial effect and has good potential for treating dermatophytes. In this study, Heracleum vicinum Boiss. was extracted with ethanol by microwave-assisted ultrasonic extraction method and isolated with silica gel column to obtain a coumarin compound M1-1 by the guidance of anti-Trichophyton rubrum activity, which was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(13C-NMR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and ultraviolet (UV) and identified as imperatorin and belonged to coumarins, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Trichophyton rubrum of 12.5 μg/mL. According to the discussion on the inhibitory mechanism of the compound, we found that the compound may exert its inhibitory effect by destroying the mycelial membrane and inhibiting the mycelial growth of Trichophyton rubrum. In a word, imperatorin isolated from Heracleum vicinum Boiss. is expected to be used as an antibacterial agent to treat dermatophytes a potential natural compound against Trichophyton rubrum, and a template for drug development of dermatophytes the future.