AbstractThe treatment of river or lake water for heavy metal removal is of special concern due to their persistence and recalcitrance in the environment. In the current study, an ultrafiltration (UF) system consisting of polyethersulfone (PES) UF hollow fiber (HF) membranes spun from Liberia doped solutions was used for the removal of most critical, heavy metals (Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Mo2+, Cr2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, As3+, Na1+, Fe2+, Cd2+, and Co2+) and Cl1− ions from lake water at high-flux rate filtration through the commercial grade filtration setup. The 300 UF HF having potted length of 1.07 m with 0.95 m2 of total permeation surface area was positioned on the final stage in a commercial grade module consisting of multimedia filter, iron filter, active carbon filter, and water softener filter. In addition, the performance of formulated HF membranes was characterized in terms of raw lake water flux, turbidity, total dissolved solids, water hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxy...