Ultra-wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna Research Articles

Design and analysis of ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna with various conductive materials for terahertz gap

The paper explores the design and analysis of a wideband microstrip patch antenna with a metallic patch and a 3 × 3 split ring resonator (SRR) array operating in the 0.1–5 THz frequency range. The antenna's structure incorporates different conductive materials such as gold, silver, and graphene as a metallic patch. The dimensions of the metallic patch and SRR are calculated to achieve wideband operation within the desired THz range. The SRR array enhances electromagnetic resonance, thereby improving bandwidth and radiation characteristics for medical imaging. The study discusses the equivalent circuit and design equations for the microstrip patch antenna and SRR unit cell. For designing and analyzing the proposed antenna, CST Microwave Studio 2019 software have been used. Performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, gain, efficiency, directivity, VSWR, and radiation pattern have been evaluated. The advantages and limitations of each conductive material are evaluated to determine their suitability for THz-based medical imaging applications. The goal is to maximize the antenna's bandwidth, gain, and image resolution for medical imaging purposes. The findings highlight the performance characteristics of gold, silver, and graphene as conductive materials for medical imaging applications, facilitating the development of high-resolution, non-invasive imaging systems with improved diagnostic capabilities.

A novel textile-based UWB patch antenna for breast cancer imaging

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide, and detecting cancer at an early stage increases the survival rate by 97%. In this study, a novel textile-based ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna was designed and modeled to work in the 2–11.6 GHz frequency range and a simulation was used to test its performance in early breast cancer detection. The antenna was designed with an overall size of 31*31 mm 2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^2$$\\end{document} using a denim substrate and 100% metal polyamide-based fabric with copper, silver, and nickel to provide comfort for the wearer. The designed antenna was tested in four numerical breast models. The models ranged from simple tumor-free to complex models with small tumors. The size, structure, and position of the tumor were modified to test the suggested ability of the antenna to detect cancers with different shapes, sizes, and positions. The specific absorption rate (SAR), return loss (S11), and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) were calculated for each model to measure the antenna performance. The simulation results showed that SAR values were between 1.6 and 2 W/g (10 g SAR) and were within the allowed range for medical applications. Additionally, the VSWR remained in an acceptable range from 1.15 to 2. Depending on the size and location of the tumor, the antenna return losses of the four models ranged from -\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-$$\\end{document}36 to -\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-$$\\end{document}18.5 dB. The effect of bending was tested to determine the flexibility. The antenna proved to be highly effective and capable of detecting small tumors with diameters of up to 2 mm.

Novel Dual Band Frequency Selective Surface and its Applications on the Gain Improvements of Compact UWB Monopole Antenna

In this work, a highly directional ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna as a single-element is suggested. The proposed antenna’s gain is enhanced with a novel dual-band frequency selective surface (FSS) placed beneath it. The FSS design has a hexagonal structure with meander line inductances and a capacitance-like structure connecting all of the corners to the middle. There is no metallic layer on the other side of the substrate, which shows transmission zeros at 4.95 GHz and 12.7 GHz, and a modified U-shaped monopole antenna is developed. First, the performance characteristics of the antenna and FSS are analyzed from the simulation results, and they are validated experimentally after fabrication, followed by measurement. The compact configuration comprises an antenna loaded with the proposed FSS results S11 less than -10 dB from 3.15 GHz to 22.65 GHz, covering the UWB band together with the X, Ku-band with a bandwidth of 19.5 GHz (151.16% FBW). The antenna’s overall physical dimensions would be 38.8 mm×38.8 mm×25.2 mm (0.407λo×0.407λo×0.265λo), with λo denoting the lowest frequency’s free-space wavelength. The FSS loading results in a 9.9 dBi maximum gain at 10 GHz. The antenna’s small size increases bandwidth, and its high peak gain makes it ideal for use in real-time applications.

An ultrawideband Koch fractal patch antenna

PurposeCompact and wideband antennas are the need of modern wireless systems that preferably work with compact, low-profile and easy-to-install devices that provide a wider coverage of operating frequencies. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel compact and ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna intended for high frequency wireless applications.Design/methodology/approachA square microstrip patch antenna was initially modeled on finite element method-based electromagnetic simulation tool high frequency structure simulator. It was then loaded with a rectangular slit and Koch snowflake-shaped fractal notches for bandwidth enhancement. The fabricated prototype was tested by using vector network analyzer from Agilent Technologies, N5247A, Santa Clara, California, United States (US).FindingsThe designed Koch fractal patch antenna is highly compact with dimensions of 10 × 10 mm only and possesses UWB characteristics with multiple resonances in the operating band. The −10 dB measured impedance bandwidth was observed to be approximately 13.65 GHz in the frequency range (23.20–36.85 GHz).Originality/valueOwing to its simple and compact structure, positive and substantial gain values, high radiation efficiency and stable radiation patterns throughout the frequency band of interest, the proposed antenna is a suitable candidate for high frequency wireless applications in the K (18–27 GHz) and Ka (26.5–40 GHz) microwave bands.

Tuning of dual frequency resonance analysis of circular and rectangular patch UWB antenna used for wireless sensor networks

In our modern digital world, communication plays a most important role in research of new designs and novel findings. The proposed analysis is based on Ultra-wide band microstrip patch antenna with two methods of circular and rectangular patch. The design analysis and comparison of various antenna parameters are used for wireless sensor networks. The V-shaped slot is introduced on top of the circular patch and the horizontal T-shaped slot on rectangular patch using jeans substrate material, the design gives good resonance frequency of 9.5GHz and 7.7GHz for wireless communication networks. At resonance the receiver of UWB antenna has a frequency sensing element and the antenna parameters were analyzed using High Frequency Structural Simulator. From the analysis, gain of an antenna, VSWR, return loss as well as radiation pattern, Specific Absorption Rate SAR values are in the acceptable range. The VSWR value of both rectangular and circular patch is 1.05, return loss below -11dB determined in order to avoid surface wave propagation, the specific absorption rate SAR value should be below 2W and gain of each antenna consists of positive value. Hence the antenna meets the requirement suitable for wireless sensor network application.

Wide-band octagon-star fractal microstrip patch antenna for terahertz applications

In this paper, an ultrawideband microstrip patch antenna is proposed for utilizing in terahertz applications. The design consists of three nested octagon-star shaped microstrip patches and an irregular partial ground construction having a rectangular ring resonator with a backing plane. The third iterative unsymmetrical antenna, which is supplied by a modified feedline, has a notch loaded modified ground plane. The antenna operates in impedance bandwidth of 180% (0.6–11.5 THz frequency range) and VSWR ≤ 2.6. The total dimensions of the antenna are 800 × 600 × 81.29 µm. It offers a 16.64 dB peak realized gain and excellent radiation patterns. Wide bandwidth and high peak gain are two benefits of the proposed antenna. The antenna has multiple applications that are introduced in the paper. CST STUDIO Simulator, is used to design and analyze of the proposed antenna.

Design and Implementation of Ultra-Wide Band Antenna for Partial Discharge Detection in High Voltage Power Equipment

Partial discharges (PD) are the most common and harmful threat to the health of electrical insulation of high voltage (HV) and high field (HF) equipment. The occurrence of PD activity in HV and MV equipment is at the same time a cause and a sign of insulation degradation that may eventually result in the breakdown of the HV power equipment. For the safe and reliable operation of HV power equipment, continuous PD monitoring needs to be conducted conveniently to prevent any unplanned power outages and damage to electrical power equipment. The ultra-high frequency (UHF) PD measurement method has been widely used as an effective technique to detect PD activity on HV power equipment due to its non-invasive principle. To enable PD detection accuracy, there is still a need for more sensitive PD sensors that can assist the UHF PD monitoring system by suppressing ambient background noise and low-frequency electromagnetic interferences from telecommunication such as GSM signals. To tackle the sensitivity issues, this article presents a new design of ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna that is capable of effective suppression of low-frequency interference signals. The proposed antenna, designed, simulated, and optimized using the CST Microwave Studio software, has a bandwidth of 3.3GHz, below -10dB, in the operating frequency range of 1.2GHz-4.5GHz. The prototype of this antenna, printed on an FR4 substrate of a thickness of 1.6mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4, featuring a compact size of 100mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times1.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, was implemented to detect PD through laboratory experiments. This paper shows that the designed UWB antenna has high sensitivity, good noise rejection and it is, therefore, a promising candidate sensor for PD detection on HV equipment.

UWB Microstrip Patch Antenna with A Highly Directional CPW Fed Design

In this section, we will discuss the design and implementation of a new coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna, which is designed for use in ultra-wideband (UWB) communication. Two carved ground planes distinguish the radiator from the rest of the chassis. It is necessary to dig a hole in the ruined ground. Circular radiators with rectangular cutouts are excellent for superheterodyne receivers because they have wider bandwidths than other types of radiators. This antenna operates at a frequency of 7 GHz and has a return loss of less than -10 dB. Its working frequency is 7 GHz. When utilising HFSS12, it is possible to determine S11 and VSWR.

Design of UWB microstrip patch antenna with variable band notched characteristics

Recently lower frequency band 4.5−5.5 GHz is proposed by the ASEAN countries for 5G cellular application and therefore, it is essential of designing an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for the particular band-notched characteristics. In this article, a compact tuning fork shape ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna with a variable band-notched characteristic has been proposed for 5G cellular application. The UWB antenna has been achieved by using a tuning fork shape with a simple partial ground plane. A pair of ring shape slits (RSS) on the ground plane has been added to achieve the band-notched characteristic. The proposed antenna has achieved a large −10 dB bandwidth of 7.8 GHz (2.9−11 GHz) and the VSWR value is less than 2 for the entire bandwidth excepted for notched frequency bands of lower 5G bands (4.5−5.5 GHz). Moreover, the antenna has a peak radiation efficiency of more than 87% for UWB and less than 27% for the notched frequency band. The notched-band is shifted with the change in the position of RSS’s within the vertical axis and thus, the variable band-notched characteristics have been achieved. Besides, the proposed antenna is compact with the dimension of 45×34 mm2 that makes it suitable for the lower band of 5G application.

Compact wide band antenna for millimetric communications

A single-layer ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna loaded with an asymmetrical U-shaped slot for millimetre wave application is presented in this paper. The antenna is coaxial fed, and it is implemented on a Roger 5880 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, thickness 3.15 mm, and loss tangent 0.0009. It operates over the frequency in the Ka-band from 31 to 37 GHz in the microwave spectrum. The results of the simulated reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and maximum gain of the antenna are in fair agreement with the measured ones. Moreover, the measured reflection coefficient is carried out in the labs. The gain of The peak value of 7.4 dB is obtained at 34 GHz.

A novel UWB microstrip patch antenna des for cardio activity monitoring application

Nowadays health care diagnostic applications are preferring microstrip type of antennas effectively. The market for noninvasive and contactless physiological function measurement is growing all the time, and such equipment is useful for tracking the conditions of hospitalized patients. This paper proposes a novel Ultra wideband microstrip patch antenna design that can be used for cardio activity monitoring. Ultrawideband antennas are increasingly being used in short-distance communication links because they can relay a large amount of data over a broad frequency spectrum. It poses little danger to the human body, consumes little power, and is totally compatible with peripheral devices. It has a low chance of human body radiation, as well as low power consumption and high compliance with peripheral devices. As a result, UWB antennas have been regarded as a useful piece of technology for calculating biological data. As signals travel through ultra-wide band antennasover a large frequency spectrum of small signals, less power is needed, and as a result, low noise is tolerated. The suggested microstrip patch antenna is made of FR-4 (Flame Resistant-4) substrate material and resonates at 2.5 to 4.5 GHz. The proposed antenna's simulated VSWR, S-parameters, and radiation pattern have been studied.

Heptagonal Shaped UWB Antenna with DGS for Wireless LTE with Enhanced Bandwidth

The paper discusses about the implementation of Heptagonal shaped compact ultra-wideband planar Microstrip patch antenna with and without defected ground plane structure (DGS) with analysis of various parameters like return loss, VSWR bandwidth etc. A substrate made up of dielectric constant FR4 epoxy is utilized and the 2D and 3D radiation pattern are also discussed. DGS has helped to fine tune and increase the bandwidth &amp; its effects have been studied. A volume of 28x32x1.7 (1523.2 mm^3) is occupied by the size of antenna with dielectric constant of εr = 4.4, tanδ= 0.02. In order to provide fine tuning in the return loss graph, a 50Ω line with width of W=3mm direct line feeding method has been used for the micro-strip line and slots have been introduced in the ground plane structure, for achieving the good bandwidth coupling between the slots plays an important role. The antenna parameters including VSWR, Gain and return losses v/s frequency effects for the antenna with variation of slots and dimensions has been studied in this paper along with the analysis of important parameters such as return loss (dB), bandwidth, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) of patch antenna which has been performed using Ansoft HFSS v15 tool. The proposed design of the heptagonal shaped antenna operates as an ultra-wide band antenna ranging from 3.20 GHz to 10 GHz and beyond covering most of applications from LTE, Wimax (3.5/5.55GHz), Radio altimeter, RFID and ISM WLAN 5.2/5.8GHz etc.

A compact multi-band notched characteristics UWB microstrip patch antenna with a single sheet of graphene

A rectangular tuneable Ultra-wideband (UWB) Microstrip Patch (MP) antenna based on a Single Sheet of Graphene (SSG) is designed in this study. The antenna band can be tuned by applying a DC voltage bias perpendicular to the SSG at various values via adjusting the input impedance. The antenna has been analyzed by Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio (MWS) software using an FR4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm with a dielectric permittivity =4.4 and loss tangent tan =0.02 fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line frequency. The design is compact since the antenna consists mostly of copper and the SSG. Graphene’s low weight, high flexibility, and strength make it more attractive than other semiconductor materials. Then, the study investigates the effects of applying the electrical characteristics of graphene to the antenna’s length, which varies with the ON and OFF states. This UWB MP antenna is also designed with notch characteristics so that it can reject undesired interference signals. Subsequently, this compact UWB MP antenna with tuneable resonance frequency is suitable for most wireless communication applications. The simulation results work in the 3.1 to 10 GHz range, as required for UWB technology.

Ultra-Wide Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for C and X -Band Applications with Effect of Copper Thickness

An ultrawide band partial ground miniaturized rectangular shape microstrip patch antenna is investigated in this paper. The size of the proposed antenna is 17×10×1.6 mm3 and is excited by microstrip line feed which operates for C band and X- band. In this article we have compared the variation in the output by changing the thickness of copper of the proposed antenna from 35μm and 70μm. The design is simulated by Ansoft’s HFSS13v which is based on finite element method then is fabricated using wet etching method and finally measured by copper mountain reflectometer R140 version. The performance of the rectangular shaped antenna is analyzed on various parameters like reflection coefficient, VSWR, group delay, gain, radiation pattern and radiation efficiency. The measured and simulated results reveal that proposed antenna resonates from 6.3-12GHz giving ultrawide band with bandwidth impedance of 62.9% with the gain of 3.94dBi and maximum radiation efficiency of 95% targeted for satellite communication, radars and radio navigation applications.

Ultrawideband microstrip patch antenna with quadruple band notch characteristic using negative permittivity unit cells

AbstractThis article presents the design of an ultrawideband antenna with quadruple band notch characteristic using negative permittivity unit cells. Quad notched band characteristics are achieved at desired frequency bands by etching four complementary split ring resonators on the modified rectangular patch, which is then validated by experimental results. The antenna has impedance bandwidth for voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) &lt;2 from 2.85 to 11.52 GHz, with a notched band characteristic in the sub‐6 GHz 5G (3.39‐3.82 GHz), IEEE 802.11a WLAN at 5.2 GHz (5.13‐5.40 GHz), IEEE 802.11a WLAN at 5.8 GHz (5.71‐5.91 GHz), and ITU 8 GHz (7.5‐8.61 GHz) signal bands. Furthermore, the antenna has a compact overall size of 40 × 30 × 0.81 mm3 with a stable radiation patterns.

Split-ground Compact Ultra-wide Band Patch Antenna for Wireless LTE/UMTS Operations

The lower band and mid band ‘5G’ are known to use the frequencies in the range of 600 MHz – 6 GHz worldwide, especially 3.5GHz to 4.2GHz. A new modified multi slot compact planar ultra-wideband Microstrip patch antenna with a split ground plane has been proposed in this paper. The size of the antenna occupies volume of 34x30x1.7 (1734 mm^3) which has been designed on a FR4 epoxy substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. In order to provide dual wideband characteristics, a ‘T and G ’shaped slots with split ground plane using line feeding structure has been used. The effects on the return losses v/s frequency for the antenna using different substrates with varying dielectric constants for the same dimensions has been studied in this paper. The proposed antenna operates in dual band with first band being a narrow band ranging from 1.92GHz to 2.06GHz and the second band is an ultra-wide band which ranges from 3.40 GHz to 9.6 GHz. The split ground plane and slot size variations in the T and G slot geometry helps in retrieving the dual bands. The proposed antenna is covering applications from LTE band No 40, UMTS IMT-2000, Wimax (3.5/5.55GHz), ISM WLAN 5.2/5.8GHz and RFID etc. The direct line feeding method which uses a 50Ω line with width of W=3mm has been used for the micro-strip line. With split ground plane, coupling between the slots plays role for achieving the good bandwidth. The analysis of return loss (dB), bandwidth, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) of patch antenna with different substrates and variation of the sizes of slots in shapes has been performed using HFSS tool [12] and results has been studied in this paper.

Designing of Compact Spectacles Shaped Ultra-wide band Microstrip Patch antenna

Designing of Compact Spectacles Shaped Ultra-wide band Microstrip Patch antenna

Design of ultra wideband antenna with triple band notch for minimum EMI

In this paper, a compact design and analysis of ultra wideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure is proposed It's main feature is reduced electromagnetic interference and wide bandwidth. This design has the ability to work between 1.5 GHz and 10.75 GHz, with four notch frequencies. Here almost the whole UWB is covered except ISM band, Wi-Fi for 2.4 and 5 GHz, and some more applications. The proposed design consists of compact sized microstrip line fed patch antenna having dimension of 12.45 × 16 mm2 with U slot on the ground plane. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1521–1525, 2016

A novel ultrawideband toppled trapezium‐shaped patch antenna with partial ground plane

ABSTRACTIn this article, a new design of ultrawideband microstrip patch antenna is proposed and results are verified experimentally. The printed configuration consists of a toppled trapezium‐shaped radiating patch with finite size ground plane is excited via edge feeding. The antenna offers 114.20% bandwidth when fabricated on a substrate of dielectric constant 3.38. Simulated and experimental reflection characteristics, gain and radiation pattern are presented and discussed. The effect of tilt angles on the antenna characteristics is also studied. The study shows that the proposed antenna is simple in design and easy in feeding to meet the demand of wireless communications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1983–1986, 2015

Ultra-Wideband Patch Antenna for K-Band Applications

An ultra-wideband patch antenna is presented for K-band communication. The antenna is designed by employing stacked geometry and aperture-coupled technique. The rectangular patch shape and coaxial fed configuration is used for particular design. The ultra-wideband characteristics are achieved by applying a specific surface resistance of 75 ohm/square to the upper rectangular patch and it is excited through a rectangular slot made on the lower patch element (made of copper). The proposed patch antenna is able to operate in the frequency range of 12-27.3 GHz which is used in radar and satellite communication, commonly named as K-band. By employing a technique of thicker substrate and by applying a specific surface resistance to the upper patch element, an impedance bandwidth of 77.8\% is achieved having VSWR less than 2. It is noted that the gain of proposed antenna is linearly increased in the frequency range of 12-26 GHz and after that the gain is decreased up to 6 dBi. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of proposed ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i12.6520