Ultra-wide Wavelength Division Multiplexing Research Articles

Demonstration of Multi Pump Wide Gain Raman Amplifiers for Maximization of Repeaters Distance in Optical Communication Systems

<p>Fiber Raman amplifiers in ultra wide wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) systems have recently received much more attention because of their greatly extended bandwidth and distributed amplification with the installed fiber as gain medium. It has been shown that the bandwidth of the amplifier can be further increased and gain spectrum can be tailored by using pumping with multiple wavelengths. Wide gain of the amplifier is considered where two sets of pumps N<sub>R</sub> {5,10} are investigated. The gain coefficient is cast under polynomial forms. The pumping wavelength l<sub>R</sub> is over the range 1.40 £ l<sub>R</sub>, mm £ 1.44 and the channel wavelength l<sub>s</sub> is over the range 1.45 £ l<sub>s</sub>, mm £ 1.65. Two multiplexing techniques are processed in long-haul transmission cables where number of channels is up to 10000 in ultra-wide wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) with number of links up to 480. The problem is investigated over wide ranges of affecting sets of parameters.</p>

High-Efficiency Laser-Power Transmission With All Optical Amplification for High-Transmission-Capacity Submarine Cables

We present new trends in the performance evaluation of submarine fiber cable system with different ultrahigh multiplexing and propagation techniques over a wide range of the affecting parameters. Our model takes into account the ultimate optical transmission of huge submarine cables with 14,400 channels under different depth conditions. We employ Raman and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers in our study. We investigate the double impact of both temperature and pressure through the defined depth penalty. We also study the soliton transmission technique using two multiplexing methods considered in the design of ultra-wide wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) with 14,400 optical channels and ultra-wide space division multiplexing (UW-SDM) with 440 fiber links. Based on experimental data, both the deep ocean water temperature and pressure are obtained as functions of the water depth.

New Trends of Transmission Capacity Evaluation of Submarine Fiber Cable systems with Different Ultra-High Multiplexing, Amplification and Propagation Techniques

This paper has presented the new trends of the performance evaluation of submarine fiber cable system with different ultra-high multiplexing and propagation techniques over a wide range of the affecting parameters. We have taken into account the ultimate optical transmission of 10,000 channels huge submarine cables under different depth conditions. Two amplification techniques are considered (the engagement of Raman and Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers). The double impact of both temperature and pressure is investigated through the defined depth penalty. Three transmission time division multiplexing techniques are studied, namely soliton, nonlinear and maximum time division multiplexing. Also, two multiplexing methods are considered in the design of ultra-wide wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) (10,000 optical channels) and ultra-wide space division multiplexing UW-SDM (400 fiber links). Based on experimental data, both the deep ocean water temperature and pressure are tailored as functions of the water depth. The product of the transmitted bit rate and the repeater spacing is processed over wide ranges of the affecting parameters, where both the repeater spacing and the transmitted soliton bit rate are in positive correlations with the total number of links.

Maximization of repeater spacing in ultrawide-wavelength-division multiplexing optical communication systems based on multipumped laser diodes

We show that the amplifier bandwidth can be further increased and the gain spectrum can be tailored if one uses pumping with multiple laser wavelengths. We consider the wide-gain amplifier where four sets of multipumps are employed. We process two multiplexing techniques in long haul transmission cables where the number of channels is up to 9600 in ultrawide-wavelength-division multiplexing (UWWDM) with employment of the ultrawide-space-division multiplexing (UW-SDM) technique to merge the number of links up to 400 in the optical-fiber core over wide ranges of affecting sets of parameters. As well as the repeater spacing using a multi-pumping Raman amplifier, we investigate N R pumps in the optical pumping wavelength (from 1.36 to 1.44 μm) to amplify optical channels where the optical wavelength range (1.45–1.65 μm) satisfies near infrared optical transmission region.

Ultra High Transmission Capacity of Undersea Optical Fiber Cables for Upgrading UW-WDM Submarine Systems

This paper has proposed ultimate optical transmission of ultra multi transmission channels huge submarine cables has been investigated under different depth conditions. Conventional forward Raman amplification technique is con- sidered taking into account the reduction of the four wave mixing (FWM). The double impact of both ambient temperature and pressure effects are also investigated. The transmission technique is studied namely Soliton propagation technique. As well as two multiplexing methods are considered in the design namely ultra wide wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) and ultra-wide space division multiplexing (UW-SDM). Based on experimental data, both the deep ocean water temperature and pressure are tailored as functions of the water depth. The product of the transmitted bit rate and the repeater spacing is processed over wide ranges of the affecting parameters.

Recent Advances of Distributed Optical Fiber Raman Amplifiers in Ultra Wide Wavelength Division Multiplexing Telecommunication Networks

Recent Advances of Distributed Optical Fiber Raman Amplifiers in Ultra Wide Wavelength Division Multiplexing Telecommunication Networks

On Ultimate Optical (10000 Channels) Transmission in Submarine Cables under Different Depth Conditions (Rigorous Analysis)

Ultimate optical transmission of 10000 channels huge submarine cables has been investigated under different depth conditions. Two amplification techniques are considered (the engagement of Raman and Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers). The double impact of both temperature and pressure is investigated through the defined depth penalty. Three transmission times division multiplexing techniques are studied namely soliton, nonlinear and maximum time division multiplexing. Also, two multiplexing methods are considered in the design of ultra-wide wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) (10,000 optical channels) and ultra-wide space division multiplexing UW-SDM (400 fiber links). Based on experimental data, both the deep ocean water temperature and pressure are tailored as functions of the water depth. The product of the transmitted bit rate and the repeater spacing is processed over wide ranges of the affecting parameters, where both the repeater spacing and the transmitted soliton bit rate are in positive correlations with the total number of links.

Ultimate Optical Soliton Transmission with Dispersion Management in Ultra-Wide Wavelength Division Multiplexing (UW-WDM) Systems

In the present paper, we have investigated the ultimate optical soliton transmission bit rate of 4800 channels with chromatic dispersion management in ultra-wide wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) systems. Thermal effects are taken into account. Four effects are investigated, namely the soliton bit rate of the segment of negative chromatic dispersion, soliton bit rate of the segment of positive chromatic dispersion, soliton bit rate at the average controlling set of parameters, and finally, the average dispersion of the two segments as successive cells. The investigation is processed taking into account thermal, spectral, and static pressure dependences.Binary glass made of germania-doped-silica single-mode optical fiber is considered [SiOR 2R(1-x)+GeOR 2R(x)]. The nonlinear refractive index is considered as a function of the germania mole fraction (x). The management of total chromatic dispersion is done using two successive segments of fibers of equal or of different lengths and alternating ( positive-negative ) total chromatic dispersions. It is found that the transmitted soliton bit rate undergoes severe reduction due to the thermal variations. Also, the dispersion management possesses remarkable effects on that bit rates.

MAXIMIZATION OF REPEATER SPACING USING MULTI-PUMPING RAMAN AMPLIFIER OF WIDE GAIN

In the present paper, maximization of repeater spacing has been investigated where multi-pumping Raman amplifier has been employed with equal pumping power and equal spacing pumping wavelength. The problem is cast into two coupled first order nonlinear differential equations taking into account both pump-pump interactions and signal-signal interactions along the fiber. These two equations are processed using simple but accurate software based on Runge-Kutta technique of the fourth order. The engagement of Raman amplifier and erbium doped fiber is processed. Wide gain of the amplifier is considered where two sets of a number of Raman pumps NR {5,10} are investigated. Raman pumping wavelength lR is over the range 1.42 £ lR, mm £ 1.52 and the channel wavelength ls is over the range 1.42 £ ls, mm £ 1.72. Two multiplexing techniques are processed in long-haul transmission cables where a number of channels up to 3600 in ultra-wide wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) and a number of links up to 360 are handled in ultra-wide space division multiplexing (UW-SDM). The problem is investigated over wide ranges of affecting sets of parameters.

THREE INTEGRATED GAINS OF WIDE BANDWIDTH MULTI-PUMPING RAMAN OPTICAL AMPLIFIER: THE MAXIMUM FLATNESS

In the present paper, the performance of wide-bandwidth multi-pumping Ramanoptical amplifier employed in high-data rate and long-haul advanced opticalcommunication systems has been investigated under different pumping and fiberconditions. Raman gain is designed as straight line-exponential decay form withsmall flat maximum gain. Three different gains are defined and investigated.Multi-pumping number of NR pumps of equal pumping powers and differentpumping wavelengths of equal spacing are investigated. The pumps interactionsare reduced under large channel spacing.A novel software program is designed to handle the amplifier bandwidth as afunction of the controlling set of parameters. This broad bandwidth of maximumflatness is deeply analyzed. A wide range of the amplifier bandwidth of goodflatness is obtained up to 278 nm. It is found that higher gains and wide flatbandwidth can obtained if either the relative refractive index difference, ∆ or NRor the shift in Raman pumping wavelength, δλR or both of them increase.Thus, the repeater spacing in long-haul transmission cables designed for ultrawidewavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) can be adjusted for theemployed transmission channels.