Ultrafast Rate Research Articles

Bifunctional biomorphic SiC ceramics embedded molten salts for ultrafast thermal and solar energy storage

Phase change materials (PCMs) are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for thermal energy storage due to possessing large energy storage densities and maintaining nearly a constant temperature during charging/discharging processes. However, the intrinsically low thermal conductivity of PCMs has become a bottleneck for rapid energy transport and storage. Here, we present a strategy to achieve ultrafast solar and thermal energy storage based on biomorphic SiC skeletons embedded NaCl–KCl molten salts. A record-high thermal conductivity of 116 W/mK is achieved by replicating cellular structure of oak wood, leading to an ultrafast thermal energy storage rate compared with molten salts alone. By further decorating TiN nanoparticles on SiC skeletons, the solar absorptance is enhanced to be as high as 95.63% via exciting broadband plasmonic resonances. Excellent thermal transport and solar absorption properties enable designed composites to have bifunctional capabilities of harvesting both thermal energy and solar energy very rapidly. This work opens a new route for the design of bifunctional energy storage materials for ultrafast solar and thermal energy storage.

Thioureas Bridged Polysiloxanes for Ultrafast Detection of Cr6+ and Applications

AbstractPolythiourea, as a kind of seductive material, has been widely applied in various fields. However, the design strategy of polythiourea remains a strong challenge mainly owing to synthesis process is cumbersome and noble metals participate in the reaction. In this report, a new synthetic method is presented to construct poly (siloxane‐thioureas) (PTUs) via a simple and economic “one‐pot” method. The optical properties of PTUs are mainly investigated by the ultraviolet absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum. Noteworthly, PTUs display ultrafast response rate to Cr6+. In addition, PTUs also possess excellent photostability and biocompatibility. A paper sensor based on PTUs is also prepared by visual fluorescence change to achieve the purpose of detection of Cr6+. Herein, it is desired that, as a new type of polythiourea material, PTUs could extend the applications in the bioimaging field.

Photodynamic therapy: When van der Waals heterojunction meets tumor

• The vdW heterostructure of graphitic carbon nitride and metallic molybdenum disulfide (CNMS) was fabricated. • CNMS was employed as nano-photosensitizer for efficient photodynamic therapy. • Both O 2 and H 2 O molecules were utilized for light responsive ROS production. • Outstanding biocompatibility and biosafety were guaranteed. Clinically approved photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an alternative treatment for cancers and malignant diseases; however, high quality PDT agents were still in great demand. Herein, the van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 , abbreviated as CN here) and metallic molybdenum disulfide (1T-MoS 2 , abbreviated as MS here) was fabricated, PEGylated, and then investigated. By making use of the extraordinary antenna effect and the ultrafast electron transfer rate of metallic molybdenum disulfide, as well as the efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs of the final heterojunction, massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be generated under 670 nm laser irradiation together with the as-synthesized g-C 3 N 4 @1T-MoS 2 vdW nanostructure (CNMS), which should be largely owed to the appealing photocatalytic water splitting property of the CNMS structure. It was well proved by the in vitro studies that the intracellularly produced ROS can result in cell death, by the way of inducing cell apoptosis and/or necrosis through mediating phosphatidylserine ectropion, mitochondrial depolarization, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation, as well as up-regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and unbalancing intracellular redox homeostasis. In vivo exploration also gave out satisfactory results that the tumor growth could be significantly inhibited by the photodynamic therapy. Additionally, outstanding biocompatibility and biosafety were also guaranteed. All these results provided compelling evidences for that the CNMS vdW heterostructure is an aussichtsreich nano-photosensitizer, and may provide some fresh ideas for the developing of nanomedicine for PDT application.

Tailoring charge and mass transport in cation/anion-codoped Ni3N / N-doped CNT integrated electrode toward rapid oxygen evolution for fast-charging zinc-air batteries

Searching for the highly active and low cost electrocatalysts with fast-charging capability for rechargeable zinc-air batteries are paramount in terms of their commercial-scale application. Here, we propose an innovative cation/anion-codoped nickel nitrides (FC-Ni3N) along with creating 3D architecture by integrating N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT), which is found to be an outstanding bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for Zn-air batteries with ultrafast charging rate (Potential =2.02V at 50 mA cm−2 with area capacity of 4 mAh cm−2) and long cycling life (700 cycles at 20 mA cm−2). Through varying the cation/anion moiety, the optimal FC-Ni3N/NCNT shows low overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 46 mV dec−1, much outperforming the RuO2 benchmark with overpotential of 337 mV and Tafel slope of 91 mV dec−1. The extraordinary oxygen evolution reaction performance (corresponding to the charge process) stems from the simultaneous regulation of charge- and mass-transport kinetics in air electrodes. The proposed strategy and results may pave the way for promoting commercial application of rechargeable zinc-air batteries or other metal-air batteries.

Quantifying and Adjusting Plasmon‐Driven Nano‐Localized Temperature Field around Gold Nanorods for Nucleic Acids Amplification

Fast nucleic acid (NA) amplification has found widespread biomedical applications, where high thermocycling rate is the key. The plasmon-driven nano-localized thermocycling around the gold nanorods (AuNRs) is a promising alternative, as the significantly reduced reaction volume enables a rapid temperature response. However, quantifying and adjusting the nano-localized temperature field remains challenging for now. Herein, a simple method is developed to quantify and adjust the nano-localized temperature field around AuNRs by combining experimental measurement and numerical simulation. An indirect method to measure the surface temperature of AuNRs is first developed by utilizing the temperature-dependent stability of Authiol bond. Meanwhile, the relationship of AuNRs' surface temperature with the AuNRs concentration and laser intensity, is also studied. In combination with thermal diffusion simulation, the nano-localized temperature field under the laser irradiation is obtained. The results show that the restricted reaction volume (≈aL level) enables ultrafast thermocycling rate (>104 °C s-1 ). At last, a duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-mediated isothermal amplification is successfully demonstrated within the nano-localized temperature field. It is envisioned that the developed method for quantifying and adjusting the nano-localized temperature field around AuNRs is adaptive for various noble metal nanostructures and will facilitate the development of the biochemical reaction in the nano-localized environment.

Preparation and photodetection performance oftwo-dimensional In<sub>2/3</sub>PSe<sub>3</sub> nanosheets

Two-dimensional layered semiconductors have been the research focus of electronics and optoelectronics owing to their atomic thickness, light-matter interaction, and large-scale integration. Metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPTs), possessing the structure of [P2S6]4– or [P2Se6]4– surrounded with metal cations, have emerged as newly rising stars and drawn widespread interests of researchers due to their novel electrical and optical properties. Compared with common transition metal dichalcogenides, two-dimensional (2D) MPTs have larger optical bandgaps (from 1.3 to 3.5 eV), higher light absorption efficiency and richer bandgap structures due to the increased degree of freedom from the elements and atomic ratio, which highlight its great advantages in the field of optoelectronics. Among MPTs, In2/3PSe3 owns special structure, in which two-thirds of the octahedral holes are occupied by the indium ions and the other one-third are vacant. The unique structure endows In2/3PSe3 with intrinsic broken-symmetry, showing potential in non-linear optics. It was reported that bulk In2/3PSe3 is a direct-bandgap semiconductor (2.0 eV), in which the electron transition process from the conduction band to valence band is direct without phonon assisting, indicating great potential in application of optoelectronic devices. However, there is no research reported on the optoelectronic property of In2/3PSe3. According to the promising properties mentioned above, it is extremely urgent to characterize the optical and optoelectronic properties of 2D In2/3PSe3 nanosheets. In this work, high-quality In2/3PSe3 single crystals are synthesized by chemical vapor transport method and for the first time we achieve 2D In2/3PSe3 nanosheets on SiO2/Si substrate by mechanical exfoliation. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) are performed on In2/3PSe3 nanosheets, which demonstrate their high quality and single-crystalline nature. Considering that the non-centrosymmetric space group R 3, we further explored the SHG properties of In2/3PSe3 nanosheets. The intrinsic SHG response further verifies the broken-symmetry nature of In2/3PSe3. In addition, photoluminescence spectra of In2/3PSe3 nanosheets have revealed the exciton-like transition mechanism and longer PL lifetime than previously reported 2D materials, which may own to the high crystalline and low defects of as-synthesized crystals. To investigate the optoelectronic behavior of 2D In2/3PSe3 nanosheets, two-electrodes photodetectors based on In2/3PSe3 nanosheets are fabricated. Impressively, the In2/3PSe3 nanosheets-based photodetector exhibits an ultra-low dark current (25 fA), excellent detectivity (6.28 ´ 1011 Jones), high on/off ratio (4 ´ 104), and ultra-fast response rate (14 μs/24 μs) under 365 nm illumination, which are superior to other typical 2D ultraviolet photodetectors. The main photocurrent generation mechanism of the photodetector is photoconductive effect. The photogenerated free electrons and holes are separated rapidly to the opposite electrodes without trapping in defect states, leading to the ultra-fast response. These excellent optoelectronic behaviors of In2/3PSe3 nanosheet suggest its appealing prospect in future application of photodetection.

A novel approach to synthesize porous graphene sheets by exploring KOH as pore inducing agent as well as a catalyst for supercapacitors with ultra-fast rate capability

In the present study, an earth-abundant bio-waste is effectively transformed into porous graphene sheets at a low temperature of 900 °C by utilizing Potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an activation agent to create porosity as well as a catalyst to induce graphitization by a simple synthetic approach. The resulted carbon material possesses good textural properties such as high specific surface area (2308 m2/g), high pore volume (1.3 cm3/g), graphene sheet-like morphology with an interlayer d-spacing of 0.345 nm and a highly ordered sp2 carbon as evidenced from detailed textural analysis. A detailed mechanism for the formation of graphene sheets is further explored. Owing to the multiple synergistic properties, the material has been tested as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitor application and it delivered a high specific capacitance of 240 F g−1 at 1 A/g. Furthermore, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor exhibits ultra-fast rate capability of 87% capacitance retention at high current rates (50 A/g), exceptional cyclic stability (93% retention after 25,000 cycles) and displays outstanding energy density of 21.37 W h kg−1 at a high power density of 13,420 W kg−1. The strategy developed here reveals a facile, low-cost, eco-friendly design of graphene sheets at large scale production, where the synthetic approach can be applied as a versatile method to prepare graphene sheets from any carbon sources using KOH activation.

Shear Wave Elastography Based on Noise Correlation and Time Reversal

Shear wave elastography (SWE) relies on the generation and tracking of coherent shear waves to image the tissue's shear elasticity. Recent technological developments have allowed SWE to be implemented in commercial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging systems, quickly becoming a new imaging modality in medicine and biology. However, coherent shear wave tracking sets a limitation to SWE because it either requires ultrafast frame rates (of up to 20 kHz), or alternatively, a phase-lock synchronization between shear wave-source and imaging device. Moreover, there are many applications where coherent shear wave tracking is not possible because scattered waves from tissue’s inhomogeneities, waves coming from muscular activity, heart beating or external vibrations interfere with the coherent shear wave. To overcome these limitations, several authors developed an alternative approach to extract the shear elasticity of tissues from a complex elastic wavefield. To control the wavefield, this approach relies on the analogy between time reversal and seismic noise cross-correlation. By cross-correlating the elastic field at different positions, which can be interpreted as a time reversal experiment performed in the computer, shear waves are virtually focused on any point of the imaging plane. Then, different independent methods can be used to image the shear elasticity, for example, tracking the coherent shear wave as it focuses, measuring the focus size or simply evaluating the amplitude at the focusing point. The main advantage of this approach is its compatibility with low imaging rates modalities, which has led to innovative developments and new challenges in the field of multi-modality elastography. The goal of this short review is to cover the major developments in wave-physics involving shear elasticity imaging using a complex elastic wavefield and its latest applications including slow imaging rate modalities and passive shear elasticity imaging based on physiological noise correlation.

Design and theoretical characterization of high speed metasurface modulators based on electro-optic polymer.

Metasurfaces have attracted extraordinary interest in achieving novel, ultrathin and compact photonic devices. To date, however, the realization of electrically tunable high-speed metasurfaces remains a great challenge. In this work, we present an electro-optic (EO) polymer/silicon hybrid metasurface modulator with an estimated 3dB modulation bandwidth up to 118 GHz. The specially designed metasurface utilizes a broken in-plane inversion symmetry structure to generate a high-Q resonance. The high-Q property enhances the EO modulation effect, so that a 16 dB extinction ratio is theoretically verified under a driving voltage Vp-p of 4V. The pulse modulation results in an ultra-fast single-lane data rates up to 300 Gbps driven by a low RF power. The presented modulator should be applicable for high-speed and low-energy intelligent tunable metasurface, space optical communication and so on.

Ensemble Design of Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces: Toward High-Performance Thin-Film All-Solid-State Li-Metal Batteries.

In accordance with the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), thin-film all-solid-state batteries (TF-ASSBs) are being revived as the most promising energy source to power small electronic devices. However, current TF-ASSBs still suffer from the perpetual necessity of high-performance battery components. While every component, a series of a TF solid electrolyte (i.e., lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON)) and electrodes (cathode and Li metal anode), has been considered vital, the lack of understanding of and ability to ameliorate the cathode (or anode)-electrolyte interface (CEI) (or AEI) has impeded the development of TF-ASSBs. In this work, we suggest an ensemble design of TF-ASSBs using LiPON (500 nm), an amorphous TF-V2O5-x cathode with oxygen vacancies (Ovacancy), a thin evaporated Li anode (evp-Li) with a thickness of 1 μm, and an artificial ultrathin Al2O3 layer between evp-Li and LiPON. Well-defined Ovacancy sites, such as O(II)vacancy and O(III)vacancy, in amorphous TF-V2O5-x not only allow isotropic Li+ diffusion at the CEI but also enhance both the ionic and electronic conductivities. For the AEI, we employed protective Al2O3, which was specially sputtered using the facing target sputtering (FTS) method to form a homogeneous layer without damage from plasma. In regard to the contact with evp-Li, interfacial stability, electrochemical impedance, and battery performance, the nanometric Al2O3 layers (1 nm) were optimized at different temperatures (40, 60, and 80 °C). The TF-ASSB cell containing Al2O3 (1 nm) delivers a high specific capacity of 474.01 mAh cm-3 under 60 °C at 2 C for the 400th cycle, and it achieves a long lifespan as well as ultrafast rate capability levels, even at 100 C; these results were comparable to those of TF Li-ion battery cells using a liquid electrolyte. We demonstrated the reaction mechanism at the AEI utilizing time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for a better understanding. Our design provides a signpost for future research on the rational structure of TF-LIBs.

3D ultrasound coronarography: first proof of concept study on isolated beating rat hearts

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Bettencourt Foundation Background/Introduction We demonstrated recently that Ultrafast ultrasound Doppler imaging can image the intramyocardial coronary circulation in beating hearts of large animals and patients [1]. Yet, ultrasound spatial resolution remains limited by wave physics and coronaries smaller than ∼100 µm could not be imaged. Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) [2] was recently introduced to tackle this issue and exploit the micrometric localization of microbubble contrast agents at ultrafast frame rate in order to image blood flows in micrometer vessels. Purpose The objective of this work was to demonstrate that 3D ultrafast ultrasound with contrast agents can provide the full 3D mapping of the coronary microcirculation with quantitative flow velocity on a beating rat heart. Methods Acquisitions were performed on ex vivo rat hearts (n = 5) with retrograde perfusion (Langendorff model). A flow of a Krebs–Henseleit solution mixed with a diluted microbubbles solution (0.22%) was perfused at controlled pressure into the coronary arteries (between 5 and 15 mL/min). We used a 32 × 32 elements, 8-MHz matrix-array ultrasound transducer connected to a 1024-channel programmable ultrasound scanner. An ultrafast Doppler imaging sequence consisting of 9 plane waves was transmitted at a PRF of 20 kHz during 270 ms and repeated 40 times. After beamforming and SVD clutter filtering, the microbubbles were localized and tracked in 3D. Flow velocity were mapped at baseline and after infusion of Adenosine (10e-5 µMol) at constant coronary perfusion pressure (120 mm Hg). Eventually, the hearts were fixed using formaldehyde perfusion and imaged by µCT after injection of radio opaque agent. Results We successfully imaged the coronary blood flows of entire rat hearts. It revealed the entire vasculature from large main coronaries arteries (cross section up to 1 mm) to small arterioles (smaller than 40 µm). Coronary flow velocities ranged from [1 – 50] cm/s depending on the arteries diameter. Velocity estimates were validated in vitro in tubes of Ø0.58mm and were in good agreement with theoretical values of a Poiseuille’s flow (relative ratio of 10% for maximum velocities). After Adenosine infusion, perfusion flow rates increased 102% ± 50% (p < 0.05) on average. Eventually, anatomy revealed by 3D ultrasound coronarography was in accordance with the anatomy revealed by the µCT. Conclusion(s) We demonstrated the feasibility of 3D ultrasound coronarography on isolated beating rat hearts. This technique has the potential to become a novel imaging tool to investigate the coronary micro-circulation and quantify non-invasively the Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR). Abstract Figure. Ultrasound coronarography

Fast amplitude modulation up to 1.5 GHz of mid-IR free-space beams at room-temperature

Applications relying on mid-infrared radiation (λ ~ 3-30 μm) have progressed at a very rapid pace in recent years, stimulated by scientific and technological breakthroughs like mid-infrared cameras and quantum cascade lasers. On the other side, standalone and broadband devices allowing control of the beam amplitude and/or phase at ultra-fast rates (GHz or more) are still missing. Here we show a free-space amplitude modulator for mid-infrared radiation (λ ~ 10 μm) that can operate at room temperature up to at least 1.5 GHz (−3dB cutoff at ~750 MHz). The device relies on a semiconductor heterostructure enclosed in a judiciously designed metal–metal optical resonator. At zero bias, it operates in the strong light-matter coupling regime up to 300 K. By applying an appropriate bias, the device transitions towards the weak-coupling regime. The large change in reflectance is exploited to modulate the intensity of a mid-infrared continuous-wave laser up to 1.5 GHz.

An Ultrafast all optical Encryption Decryption Scheme based on XOR logic for secure transmission in Optical Networks

An ultrafast encryption decryption scheme is proposed at 160 Gb/s for secure transmission over optical networks. Proposed Encryption decryption circuits have been designed using semiconductor optical amplifier based XOR logic with delay interferometer. Delay interferometer is used to mitigate effect of slow carrier recovery in semiconductor optical amplifier which act as a bottleneck specially for high data rate signal transmission. The system performance is evaluated and investigated in terms of extinction ratio and quality factor. The results demonstrate that proposed scheme is feasible and offers high level of security at ultrafast data rate.

A novel cationic polyelectrolyte microsphere for ultrafast and ultra-efficient removal of heavy metal ions and dyes

Dyes and heavy metal ions contamination have caused serious hazards to human and environmental health. Thus, effective removal of dyes and heavy metal ions is urgently needed. Herein, a novel cationic polyelectrolyte microsphere (CCQM) has been successfully fabricated via facile chemical crosslinking and emulsification method. CCQM with lower crystallinity, higher specific surface area, pore volume, thermal stability and surface charges, displayed better adsorption abilities than pure chitosan microsphere (PCM). These superior characteristics of CCQM provided ultrafast adsorption rate (within 4 min) and ultra-efficient adsorption capacity to anionic dyes and heavy metal ions (1500 mg g−1 for Congo red (CR) and 179.4 mg g−1 for Methyl orange (MO), 687.6 mg g−1 for Cu (Ⅱ) and 398.8 mg g−1 for Fe (III)), which were far better than most of the reported absorbents. The adsorptions of dyes and heavy metal ions on CCQM could be modeled using Langmuir, Pseudo-second order rate equation and Fickian diffusion laws’ equation, and the adsorption capacities were still satisfactory even under harsh conditions. The interference studies were performed and Cu2+ could be preferentially adsorbed by CCQM due to the smaller steric hindrance. The adsorption mechanism was unveiled that the cation exchange, chelating effect, proton exchange and complex formation mainly contributed to the ultrafast and ultra-efficient removal of heavy metal ions, while electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding led to the removal of dyes. In addition, CCQM with superb recyclability (within 10% loss after five cycles), antibacterial viability and biodegradability (165 days), could be used as the filler in filled column to purify wastewater. These results indicated that CCQM exhibited appealing application prospects for the treatment of various wastewaters.

Facile and Scalable Fabrication of Antibacterial CO2-Responsive Cotton for Ultrafast and Controllable Removal of Anionic Dyes.

A novel CO2-responsive cotton as an eco-friendly adsorbent derived from poly(4-acryloyloxybenzophenone-co-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) and cotton was fabricated via a facile and fast dip-coating method. As expected, upon CO2 stimulation, the protonated cotton presented CO2-induced "on-off" selective adsorption behaviors toward anionic dyes owing to electrostatic interactions. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of the CO2-responsive cotton toward anionic dyes obeyed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics models, respectively. It is noteworthy that the CO2-responsive cotton exhibited high adsorption capacity and ultrafast adsorption rate toward anionic dyes with the maximum adsorption capacities of 1785.71 mg g-1 for methyl orange (MO), 1108.65 mg g-1 for methyl blue (MB), and 1315.79 mg g-1 for naphthol green B (NGB), following the adsorption equilibrium times of 5 min for MO, 3 min for MB, and 4 min for NGB. Moreover, the CO2-responsive cotton also exhibited high removal efficiency toward anionic dyes in synthetic dye effluent. Additionally, the CO2-responsive cotton could be facilely regenerated via heat treatment under mild conditions and presented stable adsorption properties even after 15 cycles. Finally, the as-prepared CO2-responsive cotton exhibited outstanding antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. In summary, this novel CO2-responsive cotton can be viewed as a promising eco-friendly adsorbent material for potential scalable application in dye-contaminated wastewater remediation.

Multiple functional base-induced highly ordered graphene aerogels

Highly ordered graphene aerogels can be obtained easily by a base-induced method with high compressive strength, stable force-electrical conversion characteristics and an ultra-fast adsorption rate which is suitable for stress/strain sensors and environmental remediation.

The Role of Millimeter-Wave Technologies in 5G/6G Wireless Communications

Ever since the deployment of the first-generation of mobile telecommunications, wireless communication technology has evolved at a dramatically fast pace over the past four decades. The upcoming fifth-generation (5G) holds a great promise in providing an ultra-fast data rate, a very low latency, and a significantly improved spectral efficiency by exploiting the millimeter-wave spectrum for the first time in mobile communication infrastructures. In the years beyond 2030, newly emerged data-hungry applications and the greatly expanded wireless network will call for the sixth-generation (6G) communication that represents a significant upgrade from the 5G network - covering almost the entire surface of the earth and the near outer space. In both the 5G and future 6G networks, millimeter-wave technologies will play an important role in accomplishing the envisioned network performance and communication tasks. In this paper, the relevant millimeter-wave enabling technologies are reviewed: they include the recent developments on the system architectures of active beamforming arrays, beamforming integrated circuits, antennas for base stations and user terminals, system measurement and calibration, and channel characterization. The requirements of each part for future 6G communications are also briefly discussed.

Cu–ion induced self-polymerization of Cu phthalocyanine to prepare low-cost organic cathode materials for Li-ion batteries with ultra-high voltage and ultra-fast rate capability

We confirmed that CuPc monomers used as cathode materials are self-polymerized when charged to a high voltage of 4.4 V. The polymerized CuPc cathode exhibits excellent high rate capability and superior long-term cycling stability.

A Guided Walk through the World of Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses (MBGs): Fundamentals, Processing, and Applications.

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are traditionally known to be able to bond to living bone and stimulate bone regeneration. The production of such materials in a mesoporous form allowed scientists to dramatically expand the versatility of oxide-based glass systems as well as their applications in biomedicine. These nanostructured materials, called mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs), not only exhibit an ultrafast mineralization rate but can be used as vehicles for the sustained delivery of drugs, which are hosted inside the mesopores, and therapeutic ions, which are released during material dissolution in contact with biological fluids. This review paper summarizes the main strategies for the preparation of MBGs, as well as their properties and applications in the biomedical field, with an emphasis on the methodological aspects and the promise of hierarchical systems with multiscale porosity.

Fluid Dynamics-Induced Surface Engineering for Holey and Stable Metallic MoS2 Nanosheets with High Pseudocapacitance and Ultrafast Rate Capability

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets have attracted great attention for electrochemical storage and conversion, but the scalable preparation of highly conductive and stable MoS2 n...