637 Reviews 60 or Steven’s, not Stevens’ on page 100), and more litter the text; Wiley Blackwell did not do its due diligence. The ultimate question to ask about a textbook is: Would I assign it? And I have not answered that for myself clearly, which I suppose is an answer itself. To be sure, it takes important steps beyond Carlos Schwantes’ The Pacific Northwest: An Interpretive History (revised, University of Nebraska Press, 1996) but does not reach the scholarly quality of William G. Robbins and Katrine Barber’s Nature’s Northwest (University of Arizona Press, 2011), although that book addresses only the twentieth century. Contested Boundaries, thus, is a compromise as, perhaps, all textbooks must be. Of course, a textbook that pleases all audiences has not been written yet. One hopes a second edition might build on the strengths and improve some of the shortcomings. Adam M. Sowards University of Idaho THE OTHER SLAVERY: THE UNCOVERED STORY OF INDIAN ENSLAVEMENT IN AMERICA by Andrés Reséndez Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, Massachusetts, 2016. Illustrations, photographs, maps, notes, index. 431 pages. $30.00, cloth. In 1843, Oregon’s provisional government acted to prohibit slavery in the region and by 1849 justified Black exclusion laws as a means of keeping the fraught politics of antebellum slavery from reaching America’s far corner. Such measures did not allow the Pacific Northwest to entirely dodge antebellum slavery debates, but they have served to obscure what Andrés Reséndez has dubbed “the other slavery.” Although most narratives rightly focus on antebellum slavery as one of the central themes of American history, a parallel system of servitude in the West has gone nearly unnoticed. The Other Slavery thus serves as both an explicit corrective and a grand synthesis of the legacies of Indian servitude in North American history. By the late seventeenth century, African slavery so effectively replaced the earlier system in the British mainland colonies that Indian slavery lay in a nearly forgotten past. When Americans encountered Indian slavery anew in lands acquired in the war with Mexico, they readily shifted from the more familiar system of southern chattel slavery to take advantage of the labor of Native Americans. As Reséndez demonstrates, this world of Indian slavery was the direct descendant of practices originating in New Spain. Although the African slave trade contributed to early Mexico’s forced labor, it did not replace practices of Indigenous servitude that were flexible and adaptable enough to continue hundreds of years after the arrival of Spain in the Americas. One of Reséndez’s key points is that Indian servitude persisted, in part because it was not composed of a single monolithic system. Unlike the chattel slavery of the American South, it could not be effectively addressed by any specific legislation or focus. Instead, multiple local practices resulted in so-called apprenticeships , peonage, servitude, and outright slavery. The variances across the American Southwest and northern New Spain also hint at the even greater diversity of forced labor that persists with human trafficking today. Reséndez counts as many as five million Indigenous people enslaved in the Americas. That staggering number should be cause enough to force a re-examination of the role that active subjugation played alongside disease in the devastation of North America’s Indigenous cultures. He also highlights gender as a critical difference between American chattel slavery and Indian servitude. In the American Southwest and Mormon Utah, Americans adopted the older pretense of ransoming women and children captives to lend a veneer of cover to the process of making Indians into servants. In California, mission labor provided a model for later figures such OHQ vol. 118, no. 4 638 as John Sutter and John Bidwell. There, too, the lines between protectors of Indians and taking advantage of captive labor blurred. The book has rightly garnered much praise and attention, both as a finalist for the National Book Award and as a Bancroft Prize winner. Well before the end of this well-written and deeply researched book, it is clear that recognizing the parallel world of Indian servitude is critical to a fuller understanding American history. Although the Pacific Northwest is not the...