Ultimate Objects Research Articles

Review: Echo’s Chambers: Architecture and the Idea of Acoustic Space

Review: <i>Echo’s Chambers: Architecture and the Idea of Acoustic Space</i>

Electronic Spiking Protein-Based COVID Sensors

Viruses are ultimate nanotechnology objects with cleverly designed capsid proteins to bind with cell membranes and exquisite DNA/RNA machinery to invade cells and replicate themselves using cells' machinery. Here I will discuss an electronic virus sensor that uses aptamers designed to bind with the COVID-19 spiking proteins S1 and S2 to capture the virus inside a quantum mechanical tunneling gap device. The current through the gap, that is sized to match the COVID-19 diameter of 125 nm, is monitored to detect the presence of the virus. The gap impedance also changes and can be monitored. The sensor works with small amount of saliva deposited over its active area. Saliva is a complex fluid composed of 99.49% water, enzymes, human cells, bacteria, opiorphin, haptocorrin, alfa-amylase, antibacterial compounds, mucus, and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.). It also contains 60 nm -100 nm exosomes. Except for human cells, bacteria and exosomes, all other fresh saliva components have small molecules (mucus can produce large particles in old saliva). Exosomes and any other nanoparticles inside the fresh saliva can potentially produce false positive results. False negative results, on the other hand, are produced when the viruses in the saliva do not bind with the sensor aptamers. Filtering is used to exclude large (>200 nm) particles. Ultrasonication as well as electric field biasing/excitation techniques are used to ensure virus-aptamer encounter and binding. Exosomes' sizes make them difficult to exclude using filtering. Currently I am developing a technique based on dielectrophoretic responses of exosomes and viruses to preferentially trap the COVID-19 and repel the exosomes. The sensor's limit of detection is close to a single virus owing to its transduction technique of quantum mechanical tunneling current. I will discuss COVID-19 electronic sensor performance and its performance along with its fabrication and applications in this talk.

Why Phenomenology Doesn't Need Disjunctivism: Merleau-Ponty on Intentionality and Transcendence

Abstract Commentators have argued that disjunctivism, from a phenomenological perspective, is the most coherent response to certain skeptical concerns. They find two phenomenological beliefs in tension: that intentionality is transcendent and that perceptions and hallucinations have a similar intentional content. While not ruling out a disjunctivist phenomenology, I show that phenomenologists are not forced into disjunctivism in order to avoid skeptical problems posed by hallucination. Instead, Merleau-Ponty's approach to the horizonal structure of experience supports a novel nondisjunctivist solution: first, by distinguishing proximate from ultimate objects of experience; second, by showing how every experience “belongs” to the world.

By Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them: Robert C. Neville’s Semiotic and Pragmatic Theory of Religious Truth

Abstract This essay explicates Robert Cummings Neville’s theory of religious truth, focusing especially upon its foundations in the semiotic and pragmatism of C. S. Peirce. In accordance with Peirce’s semiotic, Neville construes religious truth as consisting in a triadic relation obtaining between religious signs, the ultimate objects they represent, and the living interpreters who interpret those ultimate objects via religious signs. In accordance with Peirce’s pragmatism, Neville construes religious truth as consisting in the practical fruits of interpreting religious signs in the experience, behavior, and thought of living interpreters. Neville’s theory of religious truth also depends crucially upon his metaphysics, which hypothesizes that all determinate things are defined by four elements: form, components formed, existential location, and value-identity. These “cosmological ultimates” define the finite sides of four “finite/infinite contrasts” with the infinite, indeterminate ontological creative act that creates all determinate things out of nothing. Religious symbols are true in a semiotic sense when they represent what is ultimately real by schematizing the finite/infinite contrasts that actually define the boundedness of the creation over against the ontological creative act. And religious symbols are true in a pragmatic sense when interpreting those symbols causes interpreters to regard as their ultimate concerns the religious predicaments associated with having form, components, existential location, and a value-identity. In short, religious symbols are true insofar as they represent realities that are truly ultimate and their interpretation generates the good living fruits of righteousness, wholeness, love, and ultimate meaning.

USE OF LENGTH-BASED SIMILARITY MEASURE IN CLUSTERING PROBLEMS

Context. The study is devoted to the development of a flexible mathematical apparatus, which should have a sufficiently wide range of means for grouping objects into different types of similarity measures. This makes it possible, within the framework of the developed approach, to efficiently solve sufficiently broad classes of applied problems from different subject areas and to partition objects with clusters of different geometric forms. Objective. The aim of the study is improvement of the efficiency of solving cluster problems by applying a similar measure of the vector characteristics of objects. Method. A fuzzy binary relation and its membership function describing the similarity of objects according to the level of similarity of their vector attributes are described. The method of single-level clustering, based on fuzzy binary relations for the use of a similarity measure, is modified. In this case, certain values are set – the thresholds of clusterization that characterize the similarity degree of objects within the cluster. By changing the thresholds of clusterization, one can analyze the dynamics of cluster formation, investigate their structure and interrelationships between objects, determine the ultimate objects, and make a thorough analysis of the obtained results. The proposed approach does not require a preliminary determination of the number of clusters and allows clustering of data in concentric spheres in the absence of additional a priori information, so it can be used at the stage of preliminary data analysis. Results. The developed approach is implemented in the form of a software system on the basis of which the actual applied problem of investigating the intensity of population migration by regions of Ukraine is solved. Conclusions. The conducted experimental researches show the convenience and efficiency of using the similarity measure for solving applied problems requiring clustering in the form of concentric spheres. The presented approach provides an opportunity to conduct new meaningful studies of input data. Prospects for further research are development of a decision support system, to solve the problems of grouping objects into clusters by concentric spheres, cones, ellipses and their intersections; implementation of parallel multi-level clustering carried out simultaneously by several criteria of similarity of objects and their application; study of the partitioning of objects by different geometric forms of clusters for a single sample of input data and carrying out a meaningful interpretation of the obtained results

RE-CONCEPTUALIZING ‘OBJECT’ ANALYSIS UNDER ARTICLE 101 TFEU: THEORETICAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES

Recent expansive applications of the ‘object’ prohibition under Article 101 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union have left the scope of ‘object’ restrictions in a state of uncertainty and incoherence. This article undertakes an unprecedented theoretical study of the ‘object’ test in comparison with U.S. antitrust law. It re-conceptualizes ‘object’ analysis as a form of preliminary enquiry that serves a similar classificatory function as a U.S. ‘quick look’ analysis, namely to distinguish naked restrictions from non-naked ones in order to determine whether summary condemnation or an effect-based analysis is called for. This normative theory rests on the important conceptual distinction between proximate and ultimate objects, and a detailed comparison of the methods of antitrust analysis under E.U. and U.S. law. The article constructs a ‘quick look’ framework for ‘object’ analysis that combines both theoretical and comparative insights, and applies this framework to critically analyze joint venture restrictions, regulatory restrictions, vertical restrictions, and industry restructuring arrangements.

Quantum Mechanics, vacuum, particles, Gödel-Cohen incompleteness and the Universe

Are the standard laws of Physics really fundamental principles? Does the physical vacuum have a more primordial internal structure? Are quarks, leptons, gauge bosons… ultimate objects? These three basic questions are actually closely related. If the deep vacuum structure and dynamics turn out to be less trivial than usually depicted, the conventional elementary particles will most likely be excitations of such a vacuum dynamics that remains by now unknown. We then expect relativity and quantum mechanics to be low-energy limits of a more fundamental dynamical pattern that generates them at a deeper level. It may even happen that vacuum drives the expansion of the Universe from its own inner dynamics. Inside such a vacuum structure, the speed of light would not be the critical speed for vacuum constituents and propagating signals. The natural scenario would be the superbradyon (superluminal preon) pattern we postulated in 1995, with a new critical speed c s much larger than the speed of light c just as c is much larger than the speed of sound. Superbradyons are assumed to be the bradyons of a super-relativity associated to c s (a Lorentz invariance with c s as the critical speed). Similarly, the standard relativistic space-time with four real coordinates would not necessarily hold beyond low-energy and comparatively local distance scales. Instead, the spinorial space-time (SST) with two complex coordinates we introduced in 1996-97 may be the suitable one to describe the internal structure of vacuum and standard elementary particles and, simultaneously, Cosmology at very large distance scales. If the constituents of the preonic vacuum are superluminal, quantum entanglement appears as a natural property provided c s ≫ c . The value of c s can even be possibly found experimentally by studying entanglement at large distances. It is not excluded that preonic constituents of vacuum can exist in our Universe as particles (free superbradyons), in which case we expect them to be weakly coupled to standard matter. If a preonic vacuum is actually leading the basic dynamics of Particle Physics and Cosmology, and standard particles are vacuum excitations, the Godel-Cohen incompleteness will apply to vacuum dynamics whereas the conventional laws of physics will actually be approximate and have error bars. We discuss here the possible role of the superbradyonic vacuum and of the SST in generating Quantum Mechanics, as well as the implications of such a dynamical origin of the conventional laws of Physics and possible evidences in experiments and observations. Black holes, gravitational waves, possible free superbradyons or preonic waves, unconventional vacuum radiation… are considered from this point of view paying particular attention to LIGO, VIRGO and CERN experiments. This lecture is dedicated to the memory of John Bell

Los indivisibles para Aristóteles en De Anima III, 8 y Metaphysica IX, 10

¿Qué son los así llamados “indivisibles” en el pensamiento de Aristóteles? Los indivisibles son categorías del ser, enumeradas en los libros: Tópicos I, 9; Categorías II, 1; Metafísica V, 7; y Física III, 1. Por un lado, la perspectiva de la filosofía de la naturaleza (Sobre el Alma III, 11), demuestra una afirmación, a saber: las cosas indivisibles se conocen bajo tres aspectos del conocimiento: el continuo, la forma o eidos y las privaciones. Por otro lado, la perspectiva de la metafísica (Metafísica XI, 9) prueba que los indivisibles son los últimos e inmutables objetos de la naturaleza, esto es, el motor inmóvil y las sustancias separadas.

중학생의 진로성숙도와 성취 목표, 학습 태도 및 학업성취도 실증적 고찰 : 교과연계 진로교육 경험을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to verify career maturity, achievement goal, learning attitude and academic achievement relation with subjects-related career education of middle school students. To achieve these aims, this study used SELS(Seoul education longitudinal study) of Seoul Education Research & Information Institute. Also, analysis as well as descriptive statistics calculation on average, deviation, skewness and kurtosis of variable factor and calculated characteristic item and degree of reliability(Cronbach ). For goodness of fit test, this study used TLI(Tucker-Lewis index) and RMSEA(Root mean square error of approximation). To achieve the ultimate objects, this study used LMA(latent mean analysis) for analysis of difference career maturity, achievement goal, learning attitude and academic achievement relation with subjects-related career education in middle school students. The results are as follows. First, experience relation with subjects-related career education were influenced on career maturity with career cognition. Second, experience relation with subjects-related career education were influenced on achievement goal, learning attitude, and larger than career maturity and academic achievement. Third, experience relation with subjects-related career education were influenced on middle school students more than inexperienced relation with subjects-related career education.

Review Essay: “First He'll Kill Her then I'll Save Her”: Vampires, Feminism, and the Twilight Franchise

When you loved the one who was killing you, it left you no options. How could you run, how could you fight, when doing so would hurt that beloved one? If your life was all you had to give your beloved, how could you not give it? If it was someone you truly loved? (Meyer, 2008, p. 2) As Elana Levine points out in her afterword to Bitten by Twilight: Youth Culture, Media, and the Vampire Franchise, female fans of romance genres (be they supernatural or not) have long been the “ultimate objects of scorn” (p. 281). The Internet has vastly expanded the reach of this loathing and derision of feminized cultural products, allowing misogynistic discourses about girl culture in particular to reproduce at an alarming rate. From the Facebook group TwiHATE, whose description reads “Because shirtless guys with abs is all you need for a ‘great movie’ for fat chicks to freak out over,” to the venom aimed at boy singing sensation Justin Bieber, to the Hannah Montana Haters Club, the products of mass-produced girl culture are hated on ad nauseam. Imagine a Facebook group organized around participants' abhorrence of Halo's Master Chief or thousands of antifans devoted to loathing Lost's Sawyer or Star Wars’ Boba Fett or Michael Jordan and you get some sense of the sexism directed at the mass-produced girl culture so many girls and women love.

Connecting the Dots for Democratic Accountability: Semantic Web-Based Information Sharing Policy and the Future of Investigative Reporting

Since 9/11, there has been a revolution in government information sharing technology and policy for national security purposes, such as tracking potential terrorists. It’s now possible for government employees to connect the dots on national security risks across tens of thousands of government agencies at national, state, and local levels of government. This paper addresses two central questions: 1) if the government can connect the dots for government users of national security data, why not for citizens and journalists seeking democratic accountability data? 2) To what extent is the government’s information sharing framework for national security an appropriate framework for democratic accountability? In answer to the first question, the paper argues that the time has come to revolutionize government transparency through the use of new, governmentwide information sharing technologies. In answer to the second question, the paper argues that the government’s core nformation sharing standards for national security may be a good foundation for democratic accountability data standards but not the institutions created to build upon and implement those standards. It suggests that the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) may provide a better institutional model.In making its argument, the paper focuses on issues associated with connecting the dots for animate objects (such as elected officials, those that influence elected officials, and those that receive resources granted by elected officials) rather than inanimate objects (such as legislation, government budgets, and campaign contributions). This is because animate objects hold political power, are the ultimate objects of democratic accountability, and are at the center of debates over fair information practices.

International Toleration and the ‘War on Terror’

This article examines how the idea of toleration might be deployed in the international domain, especially in relation to the large cultural and social differences that have come to be associated with the ‘war on terror’. It distinguishes different possible grounds for toleration and examines the force and implications of the deontological idea of respect for persons as a reason for international toleration. Contrary to Rawls, it argues that the group-based character of societal claims does not require us to substitute peoples for persons as the ultimate objects of respect in the international domain. The idea of equal respect is the most potent justification for the toleration of cultural differences. It is also commonly taken to argue for political and social equality, but, under the right circumstances, it can also argue for toleration of undemocratic political systems and inegalitarian social arrangements. Este artículo examina la manera como la idea de tolerancia se pueda implementar en el dominio internacional, especialmente en relación a las grandes diferencias culturales y sociales que han llegado a asociarse con la ‘guerra contra el terror’. Distingue fundamentos posiblemente diferentes a la tolerancia y examina la fuerza y las implicaciones de la idea deontológica del respeto por personas como una razón para la tolerancia internacional. Contrariamente a Rawls, sostiene que el carácter con base de grupo de demandas de la sociedad no requiere que sustituyamos a la gente por personas como los objetos supremos de respeto en el dominio internacional. La idea de igualdad de respeto es la justificación más potente para la tolerancia de las diferencias culturales. También se ha usado comúnmente para defender la igualdad política y social, pero bajo las circunstancias apropiadas, también puede defender la tolerancia de los sistemas políticos no democráticos y los acuerdos sociales no igualitarios.

The atomic hypothesis: physical consequences

The hypothesis that matter is made of some ultimate and indivisible objects, together with the restricted relativity principle, establishes a constraint on the kind of variables we are allowed to use for the variational description of elementary particles. We consider that the atomic hypothesis not only states the indivisibility of elementary particles, but also that these ultimate objects, if not annihilated, cannot be modified by any interaction so that all allowed states of an elementary particle are only kinematical modifications of any one of them. Therefore, an elementary particle cannot have excited states. In this way, the kinematical group of spacetime symmetries not only defines the symmetries of the system, but also the variables in terms of which the mathematical description of the elementary particles can be expressed in either the classical or the quantum mechanical description. When considering the interaction of two Dirac particles, the atomic hypothesis restricts the interaction Lagrangian to a kind of minimal coupling interaction.

The Economic Approach to Cities

The economic approach to cities relies on a spatial equilibrium for workers, employers and builders. The worker’s equilibrium implies that positive attributes in one location, like access to downtown or high wages, are offset by negative attributes, like high housing prices. The employer’s equilibrium requires that high wages be offset by a high level of productivity, perhaps due to easy access to customers or suppliers. The search for the sources of productivity differences that can justify high wages is the basis for the study of agglomeration economies which has been a significant branch of urban economics in the past 20 years. The builder’s equilibrium condition pushes us to understand the causes of supply differences across space that can explain why some places have abundant construction and low prices while others have little construction and high prices. Since the economic theory of cities emphasizes a search for exogenous causes of endogenous outcomes like local wages, housing prices and city growth, it is unsurprising that the economic empirics on cities have increasingly focused on the quest for exogenous sources of variation. The economic approach to urban policy emphasizes the need to focus on people, rather than places, as the ultimate objects of policy concern and the need for policy to anticipate the mobility of people and firms.

Magic in Medieval Romance from Chrétien de Troyes to Geoffrey Chaucer by Michelle Sweeney (review)

948 Reviews Gower's Genius may lack authority), in general White skirts the important fact that many of the poems he discusses are poetic visions or psychological allegories: the positions taken by allegorical figures like Nature or Genius therefore reflectthe moral condition of a controlling central character. White, however, takes almost everything that is said, regardless of its point of view or tone, as a transparent reflection of the author's true opinions. This carelessness about form makes it difficultto achieve the praiseworthy task set early in the book?that is, to look at how the poets make the 'instability and ambivalence' of Nature a source of 'enormous poetic power as the focus of contesting energies within individual poems' (p. 47). Because the effect of form on meaning goes largely unacknowledged, we end up seeing Gower in the Confessio Amantis as an author who has tried but failed to reconcile the claims of Nature and Reason, rather than as one who self-consciously probes an allegorical fault-line to convey equivocations issuing from Amans. Parts of the chapter on Gower, however, show what this book could have been. White's understanding of Nature's ambiva? lence allows him to introduce to criticism of this poem a refreshing and clear-sighted recognition of Gower's pessimism; his reading of Amans's renunciation of love is closely observed and shows the potential of his method. Unfortunately, much of the rest of the book does not live up to this potential. The final chapter on Chaucer is especially disappointing. Here White skips from poem to poem without significantly engaging any of them or their relationship with the full tradition. In a book that at the beginning proclaims Gower and Chaucer as its ultimate objects (p. 7), one expects both less and more: a less meandering opening, a more sustained and thoughtful close. Wellesley College Kathryn L. Lynch Magic in Medieval Romance from Chretien de Troyes to GeoffreyChaucer. By Michelle Sweeney. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2000. 199 pp. ?35. ISBN 185182 -536-3. It is the virtue of this book to draw attention to an area which, one suspects, many earlier medievalists have regarded as just too silly to merit serious attention, but as the author?quite rightly?says of magic in the romances, 'to fail to acknowledge its influence is to diminish [. . .] a phenomenon which medieval authors saw as a means of interrogating their own community's sense of self and purpose' (p. 53). Sweeney's conclusion, expressed already in the introductory chapter, is that 'magic is used to achieve a similar purpose across the range of texts under discussion, that is, evaluation of the characters' values, identities or moral beliefs' (p. 19). The 'texts under discussion' include Geoffreyof Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae as progenitor of the Arthurian romances elaborated by Chretien de Troyes, the subject of the firstchapter, 'The Origins of Romance'. Chretien's derivative ro? mances and the 'Breton laisyof Marie de France are the texts drawn on in Chapter 2, 'Breaking the Celtic Spell'?though one suspects that this particular spell was never whole for the present author, who, despite writing from within a 'Celtic' university, is content to repeat the complacent Romanicist's position of downplaying the Celtic origins of the MF and ME romances. Indeed, she is far from up to date with the current state of scholarship on matters Celtic. Her familiarity with the 'Matter of Britain' underlying the Arthurian Romances, i.e the medieval Welsh tradition, is?to put it kindly?inadequate. Like many scholars of Romance romances, one suspects her familiarity with Welsh is minimal, if not non-existent, as exemplified by the frankly illiterate Prouder, which appears here for the name of the Welsh romance Peredur (p. 57). Even worse garbled is the statement on page 61 that one of the sources identified as influential on Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae is 'potentially one ofthe Welsh Triads, namely the Tysilio\ As St Tysilio makes MLR, 98.4, 2003 949 no appearance whatsoever in the Trioedd Ynys Prydein, the reference is perhaps to the late medieval Welsh version of GeofTrey's Historia known (misleadingly, as it has nothing to do with the...

Leibniz on Knowledge and God

Scholars have long noted that, for Leibniz, the attributes or Ideas of are the ultimate objects of human knowledge. In this paper, I go beyond these discussions to analyze Leibniz's views about the nature and limitations of such knowledge. As with so many other aspects of his thought, Leibniz's position on this issue—what I will call his divine epistemology—is both radi- cal and conservative. It is also not what we might expect, given other tenets of his system. For Leibniz, God is the easiest and the hardest being to know. is the easiest to know, in that to grasp some property of an essence is to attain a of the divine essence, but is also the most difficult to know, in that knowledge of the divine essence is not available to finite beings. There is an enormous gap between the easy and the real of God, but for Leibniz, this gap is a good thing, since the very slowness of our epistemological journey prepares us morally for its end.

The Documentary Photographer as Creator

The Documentary Photographer as Creator

Planck Scale Physics and Newton's Ultimate Object Conjecture

Abstract According to Newton, the ultimate building blocks of matter are hard frictionless spheres. This conjecture is here analyzed under different assumptions, which are: 1. The ultimate objects of matter are frictionless positive and negative Planck mass particles obeying nonrelativistic Newtonian mechanics. 2. The Planck mass particles interact with the Planck force c 4 /G (c velocity of light, G Newton's constant) locally within a Planck length r p , with the positive Planck mass particles exerting a repulsive and the negative Planck mass particles an attractive force. 3. Space if filled with an equal number of positive and negative Planck mass particles, whereby in the average each Planck length volume occupies one Planck mass particle. Making these three assumptions we derive: 1. Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics as an approximation with departures from this approxima-tion suppressed by the Planck length. 2. Lorentz invariance as a dynamic symmetry for energies small compared to the Plank energy. 3. The operator field equation for the previously proposed Planck aether model of a unified theory of elementary particles. In contrast to theories in which the ultimate objects are strings at the Planck scale, the alternative theory proposed here does not need a higher dimensional space, but rather can be formulated in 3 + 1 dimensions.

CD-Icon: an iconic language based on conceptual dependencyBrighton

Abstract A system is described, based entirely on icons, that attempts to allow people to communicate when they have no common language. Unlike previous computer-based iconic systems, the purpose is to explore unrestricted person-to-person communication. The system is based around a message structure derived from Schank's Conceptual Dependency formalism, with the ultimate referential objects being self-explaining icons. Messages are composed by selecting options from a small number of carefully designed screens which can be accessed recursively, resulting in a very powerful medium. The recipient receives an animated version of the message using actors which are represented by simple icons. These icons can be used to gain access to a full description of the actor.

Questions of the objects of knowledge and types of realism

Abstract The problem of the existence of the objects of knowledge is the main problem in the controversy between realism and anti‐realism. This controversy appears on three levels: (i) perceptions, (ii) concepts, (iii) scientific theories. According to perception‐realism, things exist objectively; according to subjective idealism, they are only bundles of impressions. According to conceptual realism, genera (classes) exist objectively; according to nominalism, they do not exist (there are only general names). According to scientific realism, the objects of confirmed theories, including unobservable entities, exist objectively; according to phenomenalism, only observable bodies exist. On each level a naive realism and a critical realism is distinguished. On the level of scientific theories direct objects (ideal models) are distinguished from ultimate objects (real entities).