Ultimate Motivation Research Articles

JAMINAN TUHAN KEPADA GIDEON SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP ORANG PERCAYA: STUDI HERMENEUTIK BERDASARKAN HAKIM-HAKIM 6:23

The Lord's word of assurance to Gideon in Judges 6:23 contains three things, namely, "be sure," "do not be afraid," and "you will not die. The two main problems with this verse are, first, that these words of the Lord are in stark contrast to the reality that Gideon faced, which was fearful and desperate, so he doubted the promise. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate God's ultimate motive in giving this assurance. Secondly, the phrase "you shall not die" contradicts the narrative that explains Gideon's death, so it must be described in detail. This problem is precisely and comprehensively explored and researched to explain this verse adequately. Thus, based on the descriptive qualitative research method with a hermeneutic study with a micro-analytical exegesis approach, this study found several things, namely, first, God's guarantee of salvation; second, God's guarantee of not being afraid; and third, God's guarantee of preserving and protecting the life of every believer. This article contributes to scholars, servants of God, and theological activists to better understand the story of Gideon in Judges.

‘Formalistic Freaks in Music’: ‘Ilya Golovin’, Shostakovich, and Zhdanovshchina for the Masses

ABSTRACT Amidst all the art, literature, music, and theatre of the ‘Zhdanovshchina’ (the post-war Soviet intervention in arts policy), one play stands out: Sergei Mikhalkov’s Ilya Golovin. In this play, a leading Soviet composer is chastised for his formalism but sees the error of his ways and again writes music of sufficiently socialist character. Ilya Golovin is noteworthy not just because it presents a crude parody of Shostakovich and his music, but because it reveals the wider context of the ideological campaign against artists and shows us something of how different artists responded. In this article, I argue that Ilya Golovin is not simply a bizarre example of multiple artists toeing the ideological line: instead it reveals the uglier side of late Stalinism in the form of vehement anti-Semitism, as well as demonstrating the xenophobic Cold War patriotism that served as the ultimate motivation behind the Zhdanovshchina itself.

파시즘 시대 이탈리아의 초등학교 역사 교과서와 1차 세계 대전 서술

Mussolini's regime, which aimed to cultivate 'new' Italians to fascistize Italy, had the goal to establish the Fascist interpretation of history as the nation's official historiography through public education. From the early years in power, it therefore tried to control history education at schools and introduced the state's examination and approval of textbooks. However, despite the Central Commission of the Textbook Examination's hard work for years and the frequent change of the examination criteria, most of the textbooks produced under the system failed to satisfy the Fascist regime. What the schoolbooks made the regime particularly disappointed was their view and narrative on the First World War. Thus Mussolini's government finally monopolized the production of textbooks for primary schools all over Italy from 1930 for more direct and concrete teaching of the Fascist view of history. This essay is a study to examine this Fascist state textbook: first, it looks into the regime's ultimate motivation to abandon the textbook exam and approval system and to decide the monopolization, and then it demonstrates what interpretation of history the Fascist regime taught Italian children by comparing and analyzing (how different and why) the narratives on World War I between the 1920s' schoolbooks and the Fascist state textbook, Libro unico di stato.

“Türkiye,” not “Turkey”

Abstract This paper critically examines the recent presidential memorandum that replaced the Anglicized exonymic version “Turkey” with the endonym “Türkiye” as a conscious, performative and public relations campaign at both national and international levels. On the surface, this change addresses populist sociolinguistic hypersensitivities surrounding the connotations of the term “turkey” while simultaneously harnessing the commodification and marketization of the Turkey brand through selective references culled from collective memory (i.e., past) and branding aimed at economic gains (i.e., future). However, at the deeper level, this transformation serves as a discursive political instrument and a top-down nation branding effort powered by substantial resources from the state and its institutions with an ultimate motivation to consolidate President Erdoğan’s political power and authority, elevate his status to that of a national leader and institutionalize his populist/nationalist yerli ve millî rhetoric from a de facto to de jure within Yeni Türkiye as a competitive authoritarian regime.

Sociological Impact of Honour Killings in India

Honour Killings as a social vice has been ingrained within the Indian society since the time immemorial and has existed ever since in form of “entrenched flaw” tarnishing the very social fabric. The aim of this paper is to provide with a comprehensive sociological analysis of Honor Killings and various factors acting as a catalyst to this phenomenon. Further, the paper also focuses on the probable challenges which are faced by law enforcement agencies in detection of “plausible perpetrators” of these crimes. Most importantly, the ultimate motive of the paper is to analyze the factors which drive the mindset and behaviour of the offenders using the theories of criminology and sociology examining the role different kinds of institutions in addressing the perpetrators of honor killings. The paper also explores into a rather debatable question is there is a need for a special laws in the paradigm of legal system in order to provide curbing mechanism for Honor Killings or whether the current laws under the sections 300 and 302 of IPC suffice for curbing this vice. The paper also sheds light on the roots of the problem and provides some insights to aid in prevention strategies.

Improved Primary Reference Cell Calibrations for Higher Accuracy Photovoltaic Cell and Module Performance Measurements

The adoption of photovoltaic (PV) modules for clean electricity relies on accurate measurements of their performance, which are essential for estimating their energy production potential. Herein, the calibration chain of PV cells and modules, with particular emphasis on primary reference cell calibrations, is discussed. Also, herein, the direct sunlight method the group has developed for these calibrations is presented and critical improvements and upgrades that lead to calibration uncertainty as low as 0.45% are discussed. The ultimate motivation behind this work is to provide low‐uncertainty performance measurements of PV modules, and lowering the calibration uncertainty of primary reference cells is a key first step toward achieving this goal. As the use of solar electricity continues to grow, the demand for primary reference cell calibrations inevitably increases beyond what the small handful of primary calibration laboratories can provide today. Therefore, this work can serve as a useful guide for implementing primary PV reference cell calibrations using the outdoor method, as well as outlining the critical elements required to make these calibrations highly accurate.

TecHedonism as metaverse in the future of Nigerian netizens’ sociopolitics

The hedonistic claim that the ultimate human motivation is the quest for pleasure and the avoidance of pain has been fundamental to philosophical discourses on human actions through different epochs. This reflects the fact that both pleasure and pain are central to existential realities. However, the contrasting nature of these phenomena reflects the need for coping mechanisms to overcome pain in order to attain pleasure. Therefore, this study applies the analytical method of critical discourse to explore Nigerian netizenship by creating a historical sociopolitical engagement through the comedy genre of entertainment. The study thus traces the transitions through different technological evolutions in the entertainment industry while positing that the Metaverse is the future of the sociopolitics of Nigerian netizens as a safer option for digital activism and for engaging in socioeconomic interactions.

Threats to Training: A Survey of Poisoning Attacks and Defenses on Machine Learning Systems

Machine learning (ML) has been universally adopted for automated decisions in a variety of fields, including recognition and classification applications, recommendation systems, natural language processing, and so on. However, in light of high expenses on training data and computing resources, recent years have witnessed a rapid increase in outsourced ML training, either partially or completely, which provides vulnerabilities for adversaries to exploit. A prime threat in training phase is called poisoning attack, where adversaries strive to subvert the behavior of machine learning systems by poisoning training data or other means of interference. Although a growing number of relevant studies have been proposed, the research among poisoning attack is still overly scattered, with each paper focusing on a particular task in a specific domain. In this survey, we summarize and categorize existing attack methods and corresponding defenses, as well as demonstrate compelling application scenarios, thus providing a unified framework to analyze poisoning attacks. Besides, we also discuss the main limitations of current works, along with the corresponding future directions to facilitate further researches. Our ultimate motivation is to provide a comprehensive and self-contained survey of this growing field of research and lay the foundation for a more standardized approach to reproducible studies.

Psychological impact of olfactory branding: The future of smell marks in India

AbstractScents have been used by business organizations for commercializing their products since historic times. Because of the psychological connect that a consumer immediately makes as he smells something unique, olfactory branding is considered as a very productive and effective marketing tool. Trademark law attempts to protect a brand's identity with the ultimate motive of preventing consumers from deceptively similar goods. Scholars and businesses have been raising their voice in a demand call for smell mark protection under trademark law, arguing that smell is just as important for identifying the origin‐point of a product for a consumer as is the brand's logo or name or product shape. While the US courts have been liberal in granting smell mark registrations, EU courts have interpreted the “graphical representation” requirement under trademark law very strictly. Indian law, though not entirely closed on the prospect of smell mark protection, is inclined toward the EU position. After analyzing the current legal scenario, this article explores the more fundamental question as to the feasibility of smell marks, questioning their justification under the philosophical foundations of trademark law, the subjective associations of consumers with respect to smells, the difficulty in evidence analysis by courts in infringement suits and the apprehension relating to the functionality doctrine.

Human Response and Annoyance Towards Ground-Borne Vibration Induced by Railway Traffic

Limited findings regarding the level of perceived irritability and annoyance experienced by the affected people living near to the source of the vibrations especially in Malaysia has become the ultimate motivation for this study. This paper attempted to gather the empirical data by setting up a few basic instruments to measure the vibration induced by railway traffic at the site under study. The collected data would determine the vibration level and how it affects human annoyance based on the Malaysian standard guideline. In this paper, identifying the vibration level induced by rail traffic can be used to gauge the level of annoyance and discomfort experienced by the residents living close to the railway tracks. This data can be used to mitigate the problems created by the ground-borne vibration in Malaysia. The vibration data were observed to investigate the level of vibration towards the human response and annoyance by comparing the collected data to the standard guidelines. In this study, the receivers of the vibrations were limited to the residents living nearby the railway track along the designated areas under study. This paper is expected to bridge the gap of knowledge regarding the fundamental understanding of the ground-borne vibration that consists of the combination of several branches of learning on the local rail traffic condition.

Motivacija zaposlenih i menadžment koučing tokom pandemije COVID-19 u istraživačkom institutu

Company survival depends on its ability to adapt to the changes that have their own dynamics and development pace; it is the transition from the present to the future, desired endpoint. The activities of the organization's management could lose the meaning if there is lack of motivation. In situation like this, implementation cannot be successful. Motivation factors for advancement, work and organizational changes are numerous, but the communication between employees and management is the most important. As this communication is closely related to management coaching, manager's coaching skills become crucial for the ultimate success and motivation of the organization. This research aims to show the importance of motivating employees to improve and learn new skills during work and identify the best individuals who will transfer their knowledge to employees and who can become internal trainers. The article provides an overview of the coaching and motivation for learning, and it offers insight into how the observed example will develop in the future.

Static bike repositioning problem with heterogeneous distribution characteristics in bike sharing systems

Bike sharing is one of the recent trends in urban areas as a solution for the mobility problem, where it is seen as a significant component of local transportation due to the need to ensure last-mile transportation. Bike sharing systems enable bicycles to be rented at a station for a ride and be dropped off at another station which provides flexibility to users. However, incorporating a bike sharing system into the transportation network of a city involves its own challenges including balancing the supply and demand within stations, and scheduling bikes’ repositioning.The bike repositioning scheduling problem arises due to the variable demand for various types of bicycles that can be rented from and left to any station. In order to ensure sustainability in bike sharing operations, bikes should be redistributed to the stations considering the demand, during for example a day or night. In this context, with the ultimate motivation of proposing a bike sharing system to meet within-day demand dynamics in a metropolitan city, we address the Static Bike sharing Rebalancing Problem (SBRP) with multiple capacitated vehicles for redistribution of bicycles. On purpose, we formulate a mixed-integer linear program in which the objective is minimizing the total cost subject to a set of constraints including truck capacity, demand satisfaction, inventory balance, and flow preservation. We have obtained the results from solutions to the SBRP through a real case study discussing the tendency on bike sharing systems before and during Covid-19 pandemic, in which total distance traveled according to the repositioning schemes for different months in a year, repositioning, and the truck type requirements for different days in a week, and the unsatisfied demand concerning the actual demands are analyzed. Computational experiments have shown that the distance traveled by trucks varies for the days of the week in different months of the year depending on the change in demand.

Low‐order preconditioning of the Stokes equations

AbstractA well‐known strategy for building effective preconditioners for higher‐order discretizations of some PDEs, such as Poisson's equation, is to leverage effective preconditioners for their low‐order analogs. In this work, we show that high‐quality preconditioners can also be derived for the Taylor–Hood discretization of the Stokes equations in much the same manner. In particular, we investigate the use of geometric multigrid based on the discretization of the Stokes operator as a preconditioner for the discretization of the Stokes system. We utilize local Fourier analysis to optimize the damping parameters for Vanka and Braess–Sarazin relaxation schemes and to achieve robust convergence. These results are then verified and compared against the measured multigrid performance. While geometric multigrid can be applied directly to the system, our ultimate motivation is to apply algebraic multigrid within solvers for systems via the discretization, which will be considered in a companion paper.

Railroads of the Glorious Empires in the late 19th Century: From the Great Game to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5

Railroads have been an inevitable part of countries’ expansionist and imperialist policies throughout history. Easing commodity distribution as well as human mobility, railroads also provided the transfer of knowledge and became a means of intelligence sharing. In this view, one can plausibly observe that nations are inclined to allocate budgets for railroad construction in order to extend their power. Moreover, they also followed expansionist policies by constructing ‘transitive’ railroads, connecting extensive regions, or even continents. Hence, investigating railroads sheds light on world history, for it enables one to comprehend the ultimate motives countries had before embarking upon such endeavors. The present research, therefore, analyzes railroad construction, focusing on the nineteenth century. It commences by introducing a brief history of the railroad construction around the globe. Then, it moves on to the Great Game theory and analyzes how the rivalry between the British and Russian Empires increased the speed of constructions with imperialist and expansionist policies behind them. This research also elucidates what impacts railroads built by the Russian Empire had on the Empire of Japan, and how it led to the escalation of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5. Moreover, it focuses on the conflicts taking place between the Russian Empire and the United States, in connection to their impacts on the British Empire. In conclusion, the paper demonstrates a trend of how railroads shaped world history, taking into account the example of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5.

Retailer-run resale market and supply chain coordination

This study proposes strategies for full coordination of a supply chain when the retailer enables buyers not only to return their product after inspection but also to resell it as used at the store after partial consumption. In recent years, mega-retailers have added resale service to their conventional business of selling new products, which is called the retailer-run resale market. Prior literature shows from the retailer's perspective that the ultimate motive for running resale business is to reduce the volume of consumers' product returns. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies on the retailer's resale business from the manufacturer's perspective. We adopt a manufacturer's perspective and derive strategies to motivate retailers to make decisions for the benefit of the entire supply chain in the presence of the retailer-run resale market using five commonly used types of contracts: revenue-sharing, buybacks, quantity flexibility, quantity discount, and two-part tariff. Ongoing digitalization and web security in retailing have provided a convenient environment for online transactions, which have emerged as a supply chain and become a staple for many shoppers. However, growing popularity of online shopping inevitably increases the volume of product returns because it lacks an opportunity to experience the product before purchase. Thus, an increasing number of online retailers have adopted a resale business unilaterally to reduce consumer returns. The study provides strategic guidelines for a manufacturer to induce such retailers to make decisions for joint profit maximization.

The Nature of Sacred Time

In his essay, I examine the nature of sacred time, focusing primarily though not exclusively on two aspects of sacred time: that it is “set aside” from use and that in this time human beings can be in union and communion with and in God. I argue that chronological, “clock” time and Heideggerian “datable” (in-order-to) time are incapable of being directly consecrated as sacred time. In order to understand sacred time, I investigate the Fall and how this results in an essentially instrumentalist understanding of the world and time, which has its ultimate motive in the drive for human self-sufficiency. Only against this backdrop can one properly understand the nature (physis) of human temporality and historicity with respect to sacred time as set apart from use and as that time we spend and thus share with Christ, thereby coming into union and communion with God.

WITHDRAWN: Retailer-run Resale Market and Supply Chain Coordination

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal .

Perturbing sound speed field estimates to study quality of acoustic ranging

Acoustic ranging is clearly dependent on the sound speed field c(x,y,z), where the points (x,y,z) are constrained to the two-dimensional region defined by a submerged source at a certain point in the ocean and a submerged receiver at a different but unknown point in the ocean. An in-situ estimate of c(x,y,z) based solely on a sound speed profile taken at the source of known location and one taken at the receiver at a unknown location has been used to obtain reasonable ranging estimates over large source-receiver separation [Sarma etal., IEEE UASP (2019)]. We discuss an approach to perturb this estimate of c(x,y,z) in a physically sound manner consistent with internal wave and other ocean processes in order to study the effect on the accuracy of ranging methods. The approach can indeed be applied to any estimate of c(x,y,z). The ultimate motivation for this work is in-situ determination of the inherent variability expected for a specific range estimate from any range estimation technique.

Scanning the Post-Xi Jinping Political Landscape: Towards an Analytical Framework of Generational Leadership Change in China

Chinese President Xi Jinping has engineered a massive regression to communist orthodoxy, resurrecting ideological indoctrination, tightening control of the media and cracking down on freedom of speech. The sharp swing to the left is surprising and has provoked many in the West to confront and contain what seems to be a renewed communist threat. Although ensuring the regime's survivability is the ultimate motive, the rationale of Xi's left turn cannot be logically derived from the socio-economic changes on the ground. It is more of a generational phenomenon associated with Xi and his generational cohort. In the longer run, it may lack sustaining power because of the widening generational gaps in the Chinese society.

Fragile X syndrome clinical trials: exploring parental decision-making.

The objective of this research was to understand parental proxy decision-making for drug trial participation for children with Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Specifically, we aimed to capture preferences, motivations, influencing factors and barriers related to trial involvement among trial joiners and decliners and describe ease of trial decision-making and decisional regret. Interviews were conducted with parents from two groups: those who chose to enrol their child with FXS in a trial (N=16; Joiners) and those who declined trial participation (N=15; Decliners). Data were coded and interpreted through inductive content analysis. Prominent decisional factors included attitudes about medicating FXS symptoms, potential for direct benefit (primarily evaluated through the degree of match between target outcomes and child symptomatology and drug mechanism), logistical convenience and perceived risks of side effects. The ultimate motivation for participation was potential for direct benefit. None of the parents reported decisional regret, and ease of decision-making ranged from easy to difficult for our participants. Therapeutic optimism was high among those who elected participation. Parents may benefit from an explanation of the rationale behind chosen outcome variables and may be more interested in trials that target or measure as an exploratory outcome the symptoms they find most concerning. Our findings reinforce the need for future trials to reduce participant inconvenience. Our results contrast with what has previously been observed in parents of children with life-threatening conditions; parents of children with FXS may be more trial risk averse and find trial decisions to be harder. Parents of children with FXS considering trials may benefit from a decisional intervention aimed at deliberating motivations and barriers.