파시즘 시대 이탈리아의 초등학교 역사 교과서와 1차 세계 대전 서술

Abstract

Mussolini's regime, which aimed to cultivate 'new' Italians to fascistize Italy, had the goal to establish the Fascist interpretation of history as the nation's official historiography through public education. From the early years in power, it therefore tried to control history education at schools and introduced the state's examination and approval of textbooks. However, despite the Central Commission of the Textbook Examination's hard work for years and the frequent change of the examination criteria, most of the textbooks produced under the system failed to satisfy the Fascist regime. What the schoolbooks made the regime particularly disappointed was their view and narrative on the First World War. Thus Mussolini's government finally monopolized the production of textbooks for primary schools all over Italy from 1930 for more direct and concrete teaching of the Fascist view of history. This essay is a study to examine this Fascist state textbook: first, it looks into the regime's ultimate motivation to abandon the textbook exam and approval system and to decide the monopolization, and then it demonstrates what interpretation of history the Fascist regime taught Italian children by comparing and analyzing (how different and why) the narratives on World War I between the 1920s' schoolbooks and the Fascist state textbook, Libro unico di stato.