The publication examines the elements of the structure, the scale effect, the type of stress-strain state and their effect on the strength of the rock. The influence of saturating fluids and the type of stress-strain state on the rock strength and dispersion was also studied. The influence of dynamic impact on strength and structural changes is determined. Energy dissipation in a solid occurs only when shear stresses occur with the formation of a deformed state. In this case, the energy relaxation time is determined by the sum of the action times and the deformation aftereffect after the passage of the pulse, and the pulse relaxation time is proportional to the action time of the dynamic load. Therefore, the energy relaxation time is much longer than the pulse relaxation time. In the absence of external influence on rocks in the vicinity of the development, the state of the geological environment is determined by the value of the rock and formational pressure, in particular, the ratio of the stress tensor components, and in the presence of liquid in the working (well) also the value of its pressure. The dispersion of rock strength and the condition of its ultimate equilibrium – the ratio «the size of the working – the size of a macro-crack or a set of cracks in its vicinity», the type of saturating fluid and the type of stress-strain state in the mountain range. When the external dynamic impact on brittle and quasi – brittle rocks (explosion, impact, penetration) is weak compared to the potential energy of the formational one, depending on the impact parameters, dissipative structures are formed in the vicinity of the workings or the punched hole, in addition to macro-cracks, in the form of tiny cracks at the micro-and meso-level, which subsequently form dispersion zones and channels for the flow of formational fluids to the well, increasing the permeability of the rock and providing a nonlinear, gradual increase in well productivity over time.