Ukrainian Writers Research Articles

Роман “Чорна дошка” Наталки Доляк: свідчення злочинів радянської влади проти українців

The Holodomor as a genocide of the Ukrainian people is the object of coverage in the works of writers. The novel “Maria” by Ulas Samchuk, written in 1933 based on the stories of the few eyewitnesses who were lucky, appeared as the first incriminating document of the day. Subsequently, the theme of the Holodomor was revealed by Vasyl Barka in the novel “The Yellow Prince”, Anastasia Lysyvets in the novel “Tell me about a happy life...”, Yuri Bedzik in the novel “Plaster Doll”, Igor Kachurovsky in the poem “Village in the Abyss”, Svitlana Talan in the novel “ Split sky” and others. However, among the works about the crimes of the Soviet authorities against Ukrainians, the novel “Blackboard” by Natalka Dolyak attracts attention, in which artistic fiction is intertwined with documentary accuracy of the reproduction of the terrible events of 1932-1933 in Ukraine. The purpose of our investigation is to show, using the example of Natalka Dolyak’s novel “The Blackboard”, the destructive nature of the Holodomor in Ukraine, which was realized not only in the destruction of the gene pool of the Ukrainian nation, but also in the distortion of the worldview of the generation that mimicked, adopting Soviet ideas in order to survive. Studying the history of the Ukrainian people, in particular its tragic pages, shapes the outlook of young people and prevents the recurrence of terrible events. That is why it is necessary to promote the development of Ukrainian literature, to read and understand the works of Ukrainian writers, who draw attention to the tragic pages of our history by means of the artistic word. The events in the novel take place in three time dimensions: the terrible years 1932-1933, the 80s of the 20th century, and the 2000s. Three generations of the family appear before the reader’s eyes, whose ancestor is Oles Ternovy. The main character went through a difficult path from admiring the ideas of the Soviet government to realizing their criminality. A journalist of a district newspaper, finding himself in his native village during forced collectivization, becomes a witness of genocide. The culmination of the novel is the introduction of the “black board” regime in his native village of Veselovtsi. In order to tell about the terrible crimes, Oles Ternovy notes down the testimonies of his fellow villagers. When the records reach his great-grandson, screenwriter Oleksandr Levkivskyi, the world learns about the nation’s tragedy. Natalka Dolyak’s novel “The Blackboard” depicts with documentary authenticity the terrible pages of the history of Ukraine during the Holodomor, organized by the Moscow authorities with the aim of destroying Ukrainians as a nation. Despite the actions of the Soviet authorities, aimed at concealing the causes and events of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine, thanks to the testimonies of eyewitnesses and incriminating directive documents, we remember those terrible times. An important role in uncovering the truth is played by works of art, including the novel “The Black Board” by Natalka Dolyak. Keywords: documentary, Holodomor, “Blackboard”, Natalka Dolyak, history, genetic code.

THE SPECIFICITY OF AUTHOR'S REPRESENTATION OF MODERN FAMILY MODELS AND MATERNAL CHARACTERS IN NOWADAYS UKRAINIAN LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH

The article considers the specificity of the author’s representation of modern family models and maternal characters in nowadays literature for children and youth on the example of works of Ukrainian writers. The relevance of the research is emphasized, which is caused by the transformation of socio-cultural stereotypes in the maternal sphere. Classical and modern approaches to understanding the concepts of family and motherhood in the socio-psychological context, in folklore and fiction are outlined. The collection “Mom on Skype” highlights informal family models: children without fathers; children with a father/in the father’s new family; children in a full family after the mother’s return. The problematic and thematic proximity of the stories and the commonality of motifs are emphasized. The artistic means of creating images of children and mothers are characterized. Attention is focused on understanding the fact of a mother’s remote stay as a stressful situation that affects the child’s personal and psychological development. The book “Maya and Her Mothers” records the transformation of ideas about family and family values. The diversity of children’s families (a child and two mothers, a child in a family of guardians, a child in a family with a stepfather or stepmother, a test-tube child in a full-fledged family) is noted as the author’s fixation of a cross-section of modern society in its gender, social, and mental manifestations. The contrast between the motifs of the work and the collection “Mom on Skype”, their characters, their harmony, the absence of internal contradictions and conflicts are emphasized.

THE CREATIVE HERITAGE OF THE PROMINENT UKRAINIAN INTERPRETER WORLD CLASSICS MYKOLA LUKASH

The article attempts to introduce readers to the biography of the writer-translator and to highlight the creative and translation legacy of Mykola Oleksiyovych Lukash (1919–1988), a prominent Ukrainian writer-interpreter of world classics, lexicographer, linguist, and polyglot. It sheds light on his life and creative path as an outstanding Ukrainian writer and interpreter of world classics, his schooling, and university education. His work as a primary school teacher in a village school in the Kyiv region, where he taught Ukrainian and German, is outlined. The author of the article focuses on Mykola Lukash’s studies at the Kharkiv Pedagogical University of Foreign Languages and the Agricultural Institute. His translation work on the two parts of Johann Wolfgang Goetheʼs “Faust” is described. The peculiarities of Mykola Lukash’s translations of works such as Goetheʼs “Faust”, Giovanni Boccaccioʼs “Decameron”, Miguel de Cervantesʼ “Don Quixote”, Gustave Flaubertʼs “Madame Bovary” and the poetry of Burns and Heine, among others, are outlined. Emphasis is placed on Mykola Lukashʼs knowledge of twenty foreign languages. Attention is drawn to the fact that he was one of the few translators who could work with the original text, not with intermediate Russian translations.It is noted that Mykola Lukash was one of the first in European literature to translate Federico García Lorca’s poetry, written in the Galician dialect of Spanish, into Ukrainian using the Hutsul dialect. Emphasis is placed on the fact that Mykola Lukash translated over a thousand outstanding works of world literature from a hundred authors in twenty languages. He collected a vast amount of lexicographic material and made translations from English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Polish, Lithuanian, and other languages. It is substantiated that certain concepts from Mykola Lukash’s legacy can be used by modern educators and translators.

Деколонізація топонімів міста Вінниця: лексико-семантичний аналіз

A toponym is defined as a common name for any toponymic objects, starting from large geographical names and administrative districts and ending with small internal urban objects (names of streets, squares, settlements, regions, countries, etc.). The main purpose and function of toponyms is to highlight, individualize, and identify named objects among others. Ukrainian onomastics has consistently pointed to the necessity of a systematic study of toponymy, including microtoponymy. The attention of researchers to the microtoponymy of certain regions of Ukraine has increased significantly, and this is represented in the studies of M. Khudash, K. Tsiluiko, E. Cherepanova, D. Buchko, L. Humetska, K. Halas, I. Zheliezniak, S. Verbych, Y. Karpenko, Z. Kupchynska, V. Loboda, J. Pura, M. Torchynskyi, N. Torchynska, Y. Stepanov, and many others. Equally important is the study of urban names, including regional ones. Urban name is the name of an inner-city object that represents the semantic character of the city, records the history of urban structures, their social, ethnic and cultural function. Both Ukrainian and foreign scholars have conducted research in the field of urban names. Among them: D. Buchko, O. Belei, N. Lisniak, N. Liasovets, R. Liashenko, O. Halai, I. Sabodash, Y. Fernos, L. Masenko, P. Chuchka, T. Shmelva, V. Kamianets, M. Blicha, E. Jedrzefko, and others. The purpose of this article is to analyze the lexical and semantic aspects of the hodonyms of Vinnytsia, which appeared as a result of the decolonization of toponyms in 2023. The main research methods are: descriptive, comparative-historical, structural-semantic, and component analysis. Results. The new names immortalize the memory of outstanding figures of culture and art, significant historical episodes, heroes of the all-time liberation struggles, and heroes of the Russian-Ukrainian war. All the analyzed onyms are divided into two groups: derivatives of other proper names, including anthroponyms, microtoponyms, microhydronyms, and onyms of appellative origin. The group of hodonyms derived from anthroponyms includes about 150 names. Among them are the following: 1) hodonyms-names of the heroes of the Russian-Ukrainian war; 2) hodonyms-names of cultural and arts figures, including Ukrainian writers, publicists, journalists, literary scholars, critics, folklorists, composers, singers, actors, artists, architects, and film directors; 3) hodonyms-names of Ukrainian public figures, princes, philanthropists, human rights activists, politicians, military leaders, scientists, educators, and rebels. The group of hodonyms derived from toponyms is presented as follows: 1) derived from oikonyms, including astionym; 2) derived from chorononyms, including sovereignonyms; 3) derived from microtoponyms, microhydronyms. The group of hodonyms derived from appellatives is represented by a small number of names for natural features of the area, the location of an object, etc. Novelty consists in the fact that it is the first lexical and semantic analysis of the hodonyms of Vinnytsia as part of the decolonization of toponyms in 2023. Conclusions. Like other cities in Ukraine, Vinnytsia faced a wave of decolonization of toponyms with Russian and Soviet echoes in 2022-2023. As a result, streets, alleys, and squares were given their historical names. There are personal tributes to the fallen heroes of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The urbanonymicon of Vinnytsia is structured by onymic and appellative derivatives, among which anthroponymic and toponymic homonyms predominate. They reflect the worldview of the city's inhabitants, have important cultural significance, and perform a social, ethnic, and cultural function.

ANTHROPONYMIC SPACE IN THE DRAMATIC BOOK "MOTHERS" BY MARIA MATIOS

The article is devoted to the study of the anthroponymic space in the book "Mothers" by Maria Matios. The study of the proper names of the literary heroes, which have an impact on the formation of images and determine the "face" of the literary work, significantly complements general knowledge about names. Our goal is to analyze the anthroponymic space of the book "Mothers"; our task is to characterize proper names of the literary heroes, combining etymology and author’s characteristics; to determine the role of appellatives in revealing images, to pay attention to the title of the book. The object of the research is the proper names of the literary heroes in the book "Mothers" by Maria Matios. The subject of the study is the information content of the proper names of the literary heroes and of the title of the book "Mothers" by Maria Matios. Research methods: descriptive method and its main techniques: observation, interpretation and generalization, which allows to identify, systematize and analyze proper names; the contextual-interpretive method is used to determine the connotative load of proper names of the literary heroes; distributional analysis helps to reveal hidden evaluative information in the semantic structure of onyms; the method of etymological analysis helps to clarify the pre-anthroponymic semantics of proper names. It was found that biblionym Mothers is the semantic core of the text. The title of the book "Mothers" accumulates the unfolding of the plot together with all literary heroes, becomes a symbol. It is proved that proper names of the literary heroes play an important role in the literary text. The names of the main characters contain a huge information load. It can be read in the pre-onym semantics of the anthroponym, in the author’s characteristics, it is expressed by a whole series of different connotations. The author takes the names of her characters from real anthroponymy, that’s why we recorded traditional names and surnames that are characteristic of Hutsul Bukovyna. Attention was drawn to the motives for the formation of the call signs of Ukrainian soldiers, to the role of appellatives, to the use of theonyms. Proper names of the literary heroes in the book "Mothers" not only name the characters, but also characterize them. The prospect of further investigations is the study and comparative characterization of the proper names of the literary heroes from the novels "The Shoes of the Mother of God" by Maria Matios and "Between Love and Death" by the Ukrainian writer of Romania Mykhailo Hafia Traista.

Peculiarities of Stepan Budnyi’s Artistic Works: Song and Musical Aspects

The poetic, prose and memoir works of Ukrainian writer Stepan Budnyi are considered in the article. He has left a noticeable mark in the history of Ukrainian literature of the 1950s. The focus of the research includes the analysis of the song concept, used frequently by the author and designated as a genre (in his own works). Many poetic works of S. Budnyi, characterized by melodiousness, emotionally elevated mood, simplicity of expression, vivid imagery, and the presence of striking figurative details, have a musical orientation. The frequency of the poet’s use of the song lexeme is counted in the article, indicating the folk-song character of S. Budnyi’s entire poetic heritage. This is reflected particularly in the titles of poetic works, evoking musical associations simultaneously. The poet has preferred those poetic works containing musical terminology in his translations from various languages. It is revealed that S. Budnyi’s relatively small prose heritage also includes musical motifs. Similar to poetry, the song in the writer’s prose works holds a distinct place and is a leading motif throughout his entire creative output. The author’s position and understanding of the essence of beauty are traced through the expressions of the lyrical heroes in prose sketches about music, song and dance. The author’s appeals to song and music are also considered in the writer’s epistolary. Texts by S. Budnyi, set to music by various Ukrainian composers such as Yaroslav Vyshyvanyi, Oleh Herman, Bohdan Klymchuk, Bohdan and Ivan Kravchuk brothers, Faina Moldavska, Volodymyr Obukhivskyi, Mykhailo Obleshchuk, Andrii Plishka, and others, are distinguished. Attention is drawn to the linguistic features of the writer’s artistic works, emphasizing especially that the author’s neologisms, used frequently, imbue the texts with a peculiar musicality. In general, Stepan Budnyi’s poetry has an original sound, impressing with a variety of artistic means, especially the vivid metaphorical expressions.

VOLODYMYR VYNNYCHENKO’S PHILOSOPHICAL AND AESTHETIC VIEWS: THE EXPERIENCE OF FRENCH EXISTENTIAL

The relevance of the proposed research is determined by the reviving the interest of modern literary studies of the figure of Volodymyr Vynnychenko, determining the place of his creativity in the context of European modernism, the ambiguity of assessments of this phenomenon in the context of Ukrainian fine literature. The article examines Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s novels in the discourse of French Existentialism. Attention is focused on outlining the similarities and differences between J.-P. Sartre, A. Camus and V. Vynnychenko’s worldviews and aesthetic views. The origins of the existentialist method in the work of the Ukrainian émigré writer and its inclusion in the discourse of French atheistic of Existentialism are also analysed, and some conclusions of the “Mougins” cycle of Vynnychenko’s works are investigated using summarized prospects for its study in a broad and its European context is also outlined. The authors examine the forms and methods of aesthetic refraction of the basic concepts of existentialism (absurdity, rebellion, freedom, choice, and relationships at the level “I – the Other”). The purpose of the work and the tasks involve analyzing the philosophical and artistic texts of Vynychenko in the discourse of French existentialism, as well as revealing the main philosophical ideas and functions of the novels of the Ukrainian writer, consistent with the creative guidelines of J.-P. Sartre and A. Camus. The set of goals determines the need for the use of hermeneutic (analysis of artistic texts), historical-literary, comparative-typological (posing and solving a number of literary problems in the context of equal national literature, and biographical (using diary entries) research methods. The problem is determining the place of ideology in the context of French existentialism and the “Mougins’” cycle of Vynnychenko’s works, was raised in literary studies as early as the 70s of the last century, in particular by diaspora researchers S. Naumovych and L. Zaleska-Onyshkevych, who tried to show the priority of Vynnychenko’s writing compared to Sartre and Camus. The problem of existentialism as a philosophical direction was considered in the late 1940s among the members of the Artistic Ukrainian Movement, attempting to formulate the concept of “Ukrainian existentialism”. The Ukrainian researcher Ya. Kotets includes diaspora representatives 70 years later in the article “The Formula of Ukrainian Existentialism” (2021). There are several Ukrainian and Soviet writers who produce some existential ideas and elements of existential interpretation of human life, but they should not be called conscious writers-existentialists. Among modern Ukrainian works need to name “Existentialist philosophy. Traditions and perspectives” by S. Raida (2009), as well as the comparative study “Ukrainian version of artistic existentialism: B.I. Antonych, V. Svidzinsky, T. Osmachka in the European context” (2020) by H. Tokman, where is introduced the concept of “artistic existentialism”. The critical optics of the research make it possible to combine the historical and philosophical specificity of the interwar twenty years and the post-war period, on which are built the works of Vynnychenko, Sartre and Camus. It is an attempt to show the originality of the philosophical and aesthetic views of the emigrant Vynnychenko in the paradigm of French existentialism, to demonstrate the similarity of the Ukrainian type of philosophizing (from Skovoroda, Franko, Lesya Ukrainka to Vynnychenko), to analyze his characteristic orientation towards a person who faces the eternal problems of life, death, and evil. Such non-scientific philosophizing gave birth to special genre forms: essay, aphorism, portrait, dialogue, drama, and novel, which can be found in V.Vynnychenko’s literary work. Vynnychenko belongs to those thinkers who went beyond the boundaries of traditional philosophy in order to comprehend the broader meaning of the entire spiritual culture, developing the ideas of A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, A. Bergson, the theosophical theory of R. Steiner, in their writings. Vynnychenko set himself the goal of revealing prospects for further development to man, to give meaning to its existence, to point it to certain positive values, that is, to overcome the extremes of German and French existentialism and develop a positive philosophical platform.

Philosophical views on education by Panteleimon Kulish: on the question of the essence and direction of education as a constitutional and legal category

Within the scope of this article, we consider the philosophical views of the outstanding Ukrainian writer and public figure Panteleimon Kulish regarding the essence and direction of education. The article is devoted to the study of the concept of education in the context of constitutional and legal aspects that determine the role of education in the formation of national identity and civil society. The work examines the main ideas highlighted by Panteleimon Kulish in his works and publications regarding the importance of education as a component of personality development and the formation of national consciousness. In particular, the article examines the philosophical aspects of the educational process, emphasizing the role of the Ukrainian language and culture in the educational environment. It is analyzed how Kulish’s views can be applied in the context of constitutional and legal issues related to education. In particular, it was established that the views of Panteleimon Kulish can be applied in the context of constitutional and legal issues related to education due to the following key aspects: — linguistic and cultural identity (emphasis on the native language and culture in the educational In particular, the views of the philosopher can be applied in the context of human rights to education, which includes the right to learn and use one’s own language in the educational process); — formation of civic consciousness (underscoring the importance of education in the formation of national identity and civic This, in particular, may cause the need for constitutional principles that guarantee access to education, its quality and the direction aimed at the development of civic self-awareness); — the right to accessible education (Kulish supported the idea of accessible education for all layers of His views can be integrated into the constitutional principles concerning the general right to education and its compliance with the principles of social justice); — the role of the family in education (the philosopher’s views on the role of the family in education can contribute to ensuring the development and approval of the institution of the family in the context of constitutional The latter can include the right of parents to raise children and responsibility for their education, etc.). The article opens new ways of understanding Kulish’s philosophy of education in the context of its role in social and constitutional development.

TEACHER AND SOCIETY: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

The teaching profession is one of the oldest. In the paper, we have made a brief review of whether the teaching profession was honorable in society in different periods of human development, whether it was respected in society, what the teacher’s position was and what it is now.It has been found that in the countries of the Ancient East, the authority of the teacher was undeniable for children and adults. The means of existence of the teachers was the salary and gifts for the education of the children from the parents. In India, according to religious traditions, a hierarchy of teachers was formed that performed various teaching and educational functions, and the attitude of society towards them was unequal. In Ancient Greece, in connection with the simplification of the learning process, the authority of the teacher in society decreased. The treatment of teachers of different levels of education is unequal, the salary is low, especially for primary private school teachers. During the Middle Ages, the teachers were mainly representatives of the church.It has been shown that with the development of society, education, and pedagogy, all prominent philosophers and pedagogues highly valued the importance of the teacher in society, emphasized the need for his material support. In the monuments of pedagogical thought of the Ukrainian Renaissance era, the role of the teacher in society is highly valued and requirements for teachers were set forth.The position of the teacher gradually changed in the developed world with the creation of mass schools in the nineteenth century and their inclusion in the state system. The teacher becomes a civil servant. Women are also becoming teachers. However, the position of teachers in society, especially in rural areas, and the attitude towards them was unenviable, as Ukrainian writers have written about.In the twentieth century, the teaching profession became widespread around the world. Nevertheless, even today, attitudes towards teachers vary from country to country. It depends on the peculiarities of the historical development of countries, the level of the educational institution where the teacher works, the gender of the teacher, etc., and it is manifested, in particular, in the social status, working conditions and remuneration. Nowadays, in most countries of the world, a teacher is a civil servant. Traditionally, the teaching profession is more respected in the East, in Muslim countries. In many countries around the world, even in developed ones, primary school teachers receive lower salaries.

"KLAVKA", "YURA", "LARA" BY MARYNA HRYMYCH: FAMILY TRILOGY

The article explores the peculiarity of literary interpretation of the Soviet past in the family trilogy by Maryna Hrymych. The author navigates through time, from post-war Kyiv to the late 1980s. Hrymych creates a unique three-dimensional reflection (the story of three generations) intertwining it with her own experiences and personal reckonings with the past. Attentive to details at the level of toponims (Kyiv, taiga, Crimea, Chernobyl) and everyday life, the author shifts the focus from the collective to the individual stuff stripping the past of monumentality and infusing it with intimacy. Her protagonists attempt to adapt to life in a totalitarian state (Klavka and Yura) or reclaim lost national identity (Lara). In the novel "Klavka," the author delves into the literary scene of 1940s post-war Kyiv focusing on the character of Klavka, the secretary of the Writers' Union of Ukraine. Klavka finds herself at the center of the events of 1947 including the Plenum where the names of Ukrainian writers Maxim Rylskyi and Yurii Yanovskyi were denounced. Hrymych intertwines the stories of artists (the Writers' Union, the ROLIT house, Irpin dachas) with the story of a young woman seeking her place in the world. The next novel, "Yura," is set in 1968, a pivotal time for the Soviet totalitarian state (Khrushchev Thaw gives way to the repressions of the 1970s). Klavka and the following generation of the youth are depicted as adherents of the Soviet world, conformists who adapt to and feel secure as well as fully-fledged in the reality around them. The trilogy concludes with the novel "Lara," unfolding in four locations: the taiga in the northern Tomsk region (1986), Kyiv and Crimea (1987) and Chernobyl (1988). Hrymych intertwines the stories of two nations – Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars – forced to share not only one territory but also a fate in the totalitarian Russian world. While the older generation (Klavka and her son Yura) may settle for culinary reconciliation (Uzbek plov and chebureks), the third generation (Lara) finds conformity in decisions and the substitution of concepts unacceptable. The main heroine not only reflects on history (both general and individual one) but also demands self-definition ("Not Lara – Diliara").

EAST PODILLYA DIALECT IN THE COLLECTIONS OF OLHA PAVLENKO "MALVY NA PRYCHELKU" AND "WHOM GOD LOVES"

The article analyses the typical East Podillya dialect features represented in the collections of the contemporary Ukrainian writer Olha Pavlenko "Malvy na prychelku" and "Whom God Loves". It is noted that, unlike other writers who mainly use only lexical dialectal elements in their works, Olha Pavlenko does not limit herself to the lexical level, but also introduces words that demonstrate phonetic and morphological features of the Eastern Podillya dialects into the canvas of the literary text. In particular, the disappearance of the correlation |р| : |р'| correlation, dislocation of [т'] in verb forms, prototic consonants [г], [й] before vowels [о], [и], epenthetic consonants, compounds [мн'], [вл'] instead of [мй], [вй], realisation of the phoneme |ф| by the sound combination [хв], truncation of word bases or engthening of foreign language bases, etc. The accentuation peculiarities of the Eastern Podillya dialects are traced in the rhyming texts included in the stories of the collections. Among the morphological features of the East Podillya dialects are the remnants of the dual number forms in nouns, the lack of differentiation of feminine and masculine nouns of the first and second cases in the singular ablative into hard, soft and mixed groups, the formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives with the help of suffixes -енн-, -езн-, -ч-, -ецьк-, adverbs of adjectival origin - with the suffix -ч-, the absence of consonant alternation in verbal personal forms, the formation of passive participles and impersonal verbs with the suffix -ян-, the use of numerals єден and штири, etc. The article emphasises that the author uses dialect words only in the speech of the characters. It is concluded that the lexemes that demonstrate the East Podillya dialect features are a linguistic means of creating a special colour of the stories from Olha Pavlenko's collections, convey the expression of the characters' speech and are stylistically motivated.

Existentialism through the Literary Images in the Short Stories of V. Pidmohylny and M. Yatskiv

This article analyses little-known short stories of modern Ukrainian writers Valerian Pidmohylny and Mykhailo Yatskiv in the context of the 20th century existentialism. It can be considered as a cultural phenomenon which combines philosophy with literature. Pidmohylny’s short stories were significantly influenced primarily by the ideas of the European philosophers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Therefore, we can search for similar motives in the works of Pidmohylny and the existentialists, which developed under the influence of the ideas of Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche. Also, the authors consider Yatskiv’s short stories through the prism of the core concepts of existentialism, namely, fate and death. Pidmohylny and Yatskiv can be assigned to existential writers on the basis of retrospective analysis of the themes of their short stories and the thematic areas of 20th century existentialism.

Christian Concepts in the Works by the Ukrainian Poet Viktor Boiko

The article aims to analyse the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the implementation of elements of Christian concepts “God” and “Soul” in the language of poetry by Viktor Boiko – Ukrainian artist of the late twentieth – early twenty-first century. A comprehensive qualitative analysis is employed to study the peculiarities of verbalization of numerous semantic planes of the mentioned concepts in the works by Viktor Boiko. It has been found that in the Ukrainian language space elements of the Christian conceptsphere are realised in biblical, folklore and linguistic interpretation, in semiotic and verbal planes, in synchronic and diachronic aspects and are accordingly reflected in the language of Ukrainian writers. It has been concluded that the elements of the concepts of “God” and “Soul” are a part of the linguistic picture of the world of any ethnic group, which manifests the language of poets who show their attitude to a higher power as a protector and interlocutor. That is why Viktor Boiko, as a Ukrainian poet, syncretically combining patriotism and lyrics, politics and everyday motives, satire and good humour in his works, looking for certain trends in the universe, turns to Christian concepts within the framework of “quiet poetry”.

Anti-marxist polemics in Mykola Rudenko’s novel-treatise “Formula of the Sun”

The research conducted by the Sumy branch of the Serhii Podolynskyi Scientific Society delves into the distinctive artistic legacy of the renowned Ukrainian writer Mykola Rudenko. This study sheds light on Rudenko's integration of ideas from the Ukrainian school of physical economy, which stood in stark contrast to Karl Marx's political economy. Mykola Rudenko, known for his literary prowess, often employed his fictional works to propagate his scientific, economic, and philosophical theories. The treatise “Formula of the Sun”, despite its limited recognition in 20th-century Ukrainian literature, holds a distinct place deserving comprehensive exploration. This novel not only showcases Rudenko's literary craftsmanship but also provides a platform for dissecting the literary discourse of the time. Through a combination of structural, narrative, and polemical elements, Rudenko articulates his worldview within the framework of physical economy. This study endeavors to elucidate the evolution of physical economy as a counterbalance to Marxian economics and to analyze its impact on Rudenko's prose, as evidenced by “Formula of the Sun”. Employing methodologies ranging from analysis and synthesis to a systematic and hermeneutic approach, the research aims to unravel the intricate interplay between literature and economic theory in Rudenko's work.

LESYA UKRAINKA AND HER RUSHNYKS IN «TARASOV GORNITSA»

The article is devoted to the first and only visit to the grave of the Ukrainian writer and artist, academician of engraving of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts Taras Shevchenko in Kanev in 1891, then still a young, and later outstanding Ukrainian poetess, writer Lesa Ukrainka. The story of the rushnyk – an embroidered towel typically made from linen and used for ceremonial purposes – made in 1889 by Lesya Ukrainskaya and Margarita Komarova, brought and presented by M. Komarova to the first Shevchenko Museum «Tarasov Gornitsa», which was built near the poet's grave in 1884, is revealed. The history of its exhibition in the museum, its disappearance and return in 2010 has been studied. Special attention is paid to the ornament of the towel, its color scheme, semiotics and semantics. The embroidered lines from Taras Shevchenko's poems are also indicated. The history of replenishment of the stock collection of the reserve with two copies of the above-mentioned towel by Lesa Ukrainka and Margarita Komarova, which were embroidered by two Ukrainian masters – Galina Bondarenko (Kanev) in 1989 and Tamila Yaremenko (Zhytomyr region) in 2009, and which were exhibited until 2022 in «Tarasov Gornitsa».

Nowy człowiek, wersja 2.0 (na podstawie wybranych utworów prozy rosyjskiej i ukraińskiej)

The aim of this article is to explore the future human’s place, role, and status. The analysis draws on selected works of prominent modern Russian and Ukrainian writers, including science fiction authors such as Anna Starobinets, Dmitry Glukhovsky, Vladimir Sorokin, Viktor Pelevin, Boris Akunin, and Max Kidruk. The analysis concludes that amidst rapid scientific advancement, humanity may achieve potential immortality, but paradoxically, it could lose its dominant position in the world. In the post-anthropocentric era, challenges will emerge concerning human interactions with robots, androids, avatars, cyborgs, and bots, necessitating ‘negotiations’ with these entities, now perceived as full-fledged members of society.

Ukrainian-Polish collaboration in the field of education: content analysis of the scientific magazine "Osvitolohiia"

The article analyzes international collaboration in the field of education through the example of the content of the Ukrainian-Polish scientific magazine "Osvitolohiia/Oświatologia" founded by the Borys Hrinchenko Kyiv University. The rubrics were studied according to their content, the main directions of research of Ukrainian and Polish scientists were established. It was found that the placement of articles (2012—2023) according the topic in the publication is heterogeneous: most studies were published on issues of philosophy and history of education, sociology and cultural studies of education. The articles highlight the Ukrainian-Polish experience of reforming the higher education system and reveal its features in the context of European integration. Many works are devoted to the analytical understanding of the historical role of the personality and creativity of outstanding Ukrainian writers, scientists, teachers, the activation of market relations in the education system, the volume of budget investments in education, the analysis of the state policy of independent Ukraine in the field of general secondary education, the adaptation of legislation on higher education to the requirements of the European Union. Quantitative characteristics of the studied information resources are given, in particular, the resources are grouped and characterized by theme, number of articles, and the language content of the periodical is determined. In view of the analyzed array of scientific papers, we believe that research on the issues of the Ukrainian-Polish experience, on ensuring the quality of higher and secondary education, inclusive education in the study of theoretical provisions on the development of an inclusive environment in educational institutions, informatization, digitization of the transformation of education, especially in the aspect of the development and emergence of new digital technologies is perspective issues of filling the content of the magazine now. Publications in scientific publications allowed Ukrainian and Polish scientists to create new information resources, open up new creative opportunities for scientific collaboration.

"ВІБРУЮЧИ В КОНТРАПУНКТІ ГУРКОТУ СОКИР І АРТИЛЕРІЙСЬКИХ СНАРЯДІВ": ЗВУКОВИЙ ЛАНДШАФТ МІСТА ПІД ЧАС ВІЙНИ

Background. The article explores the sensory dimension of war since any war is an assault on the body and therefore on the senses (S. Cole). After February 22, 2022, Ukrainian cities have undergone metamorphosis from peace to war at different speeds and to varying degrees. Consequently, urban soundscapes have been significantly influenced by the new reality. City soundscape in war is not properly researched thus its study in the conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war has relevance and novelty which are not limited to the interest of Ukrainian academia. This article aims to define the key attributes of the transformed soundscapes of Ukrainian cities as well as identify specific literary representations of the sonorous experience of war. The analysis of the acoustic environment, its dynamic and transforming power draws most on the theory of sound initiated by P. Murray Schaffer, and particularly on the methodology and terminology established within the literary sound studies by J. Picker, H. Groth, S. Cole, S. Halliday ect. Results. "Distinctive sonic signatures" (S. Halliday's term) in city soundscapes of war include loud sounds of explosions, penetrating sounds of air-raid sirens, airdrones' whirring sounds. The sensorium of war also encompasses silence as an important attribute of the city soundscape. It has been proved that sounds not only destroy semantic structures but on the contrary – become an integral factor in the process of meaning creation. Conclusions. Literature serves as a space for 'recoding' the negative sounds of the city (as the sources of confusion, anxiety and anger) and generating new meanings – of strength and resilience. In the works by Ukrainian writers – L. Kostenko, S. Zhadan, O. Stepanenko, I. Vikyrchak, and A. Levkova -- urban soundscapes are represented in both the immediacy/reportage of description and the symbolism of understanding the aftermath of war. As literature manifests, the feeling of terror from explosions and sirens of air alarms can be transformed into a means of empowerment to resist. The article also focuses on the phenomenon of traumatisation by sound and introduces the concept of "sonotorture".

An irony and an idyll: stylistic unity of two worlds in S. Andrukhovich’s short novel “Milena’s Summer”

An important feature of Ukrainian literature, especially in the period after the collapse of the Soviet Union, has been the search for the Self, the awareness and reflection of one’s own post-colonial traumatic experience, and the search for ways to understand and survive it. The generation of young writers of Ukraine is in the process of shaping a new non-Soviet identity, and the study of this process is of particular importance. Thus, the subject of this research is the first short novel “Milena’s Summer” (2002) by Sofia Andrukhovich, a young author from the generation of the authors of the 2000s. Literary criticists wrote positive, but very careful review, and now it is very important for us to revisit “Milena’s Summer”. Firstly, this short novel marks the beginning of Sofia Andrukhovich’s literary career, offering a glimpse into her evolving style; secondly, we aim to situate it in the context of Ukrainian postmodernism and other young Ukrainian postmodern authors; finaly, we seek to analyse as a stylistic and postcolonialistic guest of a young Ukrainian writer, striving to find a new non-Soviet identity. The main objective of the article is to examine postcolonial postcoloniality as a stylistic element of the novel. The methodology of the article is based on the methods of postcolonial criticism (Tamara Gundorova, Marko Pavlyshyn, Edward Said) and the semiotic approach to style (Umberto Eco), which help to broadly reveal such important components as the play with the text, the play with the idyll genre, irony, and to describe the author’s techniques This study aims to draw attention to the early creative achievements of Sofia Andrukhovych, as there has not been a comprehensive and in-depth study of her novels yet. It identifies and shows postcolonialism as a stylistic dominant, describes the role of hyperbole in shaping the artistic worlds of the work, and creates the effect of unrealism. Futhermore, article’s main objective is to examine postcoloniality as a stylistic element that shapes the novel. The methodology of the article draws on the methods of postcolonial criticism (Tamara Gundorova, Marko Pavlyshyn, Edward Said) and the semiotic approach to style (Umberto Eco), which help to broadly reveal such important components as the play with the text, the play with the idyll genre, irony, and to describe the author’s techniques. This study aims to draw attention to the early creative achievements of Sofia Andrukhovych, as there has not yet been a comprehensive and in-depth study of her novels. It identifies and shows postcolonialism as a stylistic dominant, describes the role of hyperbole in shaping the artistic worlds of the work, and creates the effect of unrealism. Furthermore, the study and analysis of the early works of the now well-known and ‘mature’ Ukrainian writer offers promising avenues for further research. This applies both to Sofia Andrukhovych’s first novels and short stories, which can be analysed in this way, and to her contemporary works, as it may facilitate a broader and deeper understanding and appreciation of her contemporary work.

Cемантико-функційна характеристика порівнянь в есеї Оксани Забужко «Найдовша подорож»

Today, more and more Ukrainian writers are turning to the essay genre, as it is this genre that makes it possible to respond more quickly to the changes taking place in society. According to O. Taranenko, one of the most important pictorial means of language expression is comparison. Therefore, the purpose of the proposed article is to analyze the semantic, structural and functional features of comparisons in Oksana Zabuzhko’s essay «The Longest Journey». In the analyzed work, comparisons are presented in various grammatical forms, such as: degrees of comparison of adjectives, adverbialized word forms of the instrumental case with a comparative meaning, adverbs, as well as comparative phrases and complex sentences with a subordinate comparative. Using adverbialized word forms of the instrumental case, the writer supplements them with bright meanings, thereby creating certain positive or negative images in the reader's mind according to the author's intention. Comparative phrases and complex sentences with a subordinate comparative are most widely presented in the analyzed essay, which present a wide corpus of comparison objects, among which we can distinguish such thematic groups as «Man», «Artifacts», «Medical terms», «Animal world», «Intertextual vocations», «Names of the elements». With the help of comparisons, Oksana Zabuzhko analyzes the presented facts, gives them an assessment, and also interests the recipient in the information, creates in his mind certain positive or negative images of individual personalities, described events and phenomena, involves the reader in interaction, empathy and search for solutions to the problematic issue.