Ukrainian Population Research Articles

Mental health assessment during the full-scale invasion within the general Ukrainian population: state, beliefs and behaviors, query to change (cross-sectional study)

IntroductionThe russian invasion in Ukraine has significantly affected the mental health (MH) of the local population while access to mental health support remains limited due to multiple reasons coming from both the provider and acceptor sides. The war obviously negatively impacts MH but has also paradoxically given an “open window” for shifting current practices both in the healthcare system and within society. Investigation of current people’s attitudes on this matter should be the primary step to address the issue and initiate any change.Objectives5 main objectives identified to analyze within the convenience sample were: MH state and self-care behaviors during the full-scale invasion, MH stigma and self-stigma, intention to use professional MH support, beliefs on access to professional MH support, query to change current MH attitudes and practices.MethodsThis research was conducted using primary data collection. The online questionnaire consisted of 5 blocks and was designed based on PHQ-9, DASS-21, PCL-5, Brief-COPE and CAMI. 332 civilians underwent the survey in March-April 2023 and were divided by age, gender, location and situation; inclusion criteria were to be >16 y.o. being affected by war and capable of completing the survey in Ukrainian. Relevant ethical measures were applied. Descriptive and correlational analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe majority of respondents rated their mental health as good. Anxiety was the most prevalent emotion, particularly among younger age groups. Different genders and age groups exhibited varying combinations of emotions, such as fatigue, peace, anger, sadness etc. Many participants felt self-reproach for not doing enough; coping strategies varied among age groups. Females were 8.14 times more likely to seek mental health support, and those inside Ukraine were 0.32 times less inclined. 66.2% never seek any MH services, with older men leading; only 8.7% consult specialists during crises, showing gender differences. Distrust in specialist qualifications is one of the barriers on access in people’s beliefs and is more prevalent among older generations. The absence of self-mental health stigma makes individuals 1.91 times more open to accessing support. Location affects openness to change, with Ukraine-based individuals being less open. Lastly, 29.5% consider alternative stress-coping methods, with 40% open to future psychological help.ConclusionsOur findings show differences in populational attitudes towards MH in Ukraine during the war and therefore the importance of any potential intervention to precisely tailor certain subgroups, beliefs behaviors and needs within them to have a higher chance of being accepted and increase MH support utilization in the population overall.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

MODERN DIGITAL TOOLS OF OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT

The article explores the options for implementing digital transformation tools in the operational management of business organizations to overcome the problems that arose as a result of a full-scale military invasion of Ukraine: market instability, reduction of markets due to the temporary occupation of the territory of Ukraine, a decrease in the number of customers and suppliers since a significant part of the population of Ukraine migrated abroad; the reduction of financial resources of business organizations, the existence of high prices for certain IT products and the low level of digital skills among employees. The advantages of digital products are explored, in particular, corporate communication systems such as Slack and Microsoft Teams, project management tools such as Jira and Trello, modern Ukrainian programs for interaction with consumers, such as KeyCRM and SalesDrive CRM, as well as the Weblium site builder, which is including it can realize synergy between various other services.

Determination of technogenic risks when using various water purification technologies

In modern conditions, ensuring the reliability and safety of water supply systems is a primary task for the industrial economy and the safety of life of the population of Ukraine. Constant bombing and damage to critical infrastructure facilities, including water management facilities, endangers the stability and quality of the country's water resources. In this context, conducting research on the identification of man-made risks in water treatment systems using various technologies, as well as developing strategies to increase the reliability and safety of operation of water supply systems are becoming relevant for the industrial sector of Ukraine. In order to increase the reliability of water treatment units and their operational safety, man-made risks were investigated when using ion exchange, electrodialysis, and water distillation technologies at thermal power plants. It is shown that during normal operation of the ion-exchange water purification system with an average productivity of 400 m3/h, in the case of frequent changes in the concentration of salts at the inlet, the risk of receiving underpurified water is 0.0783. This value must be taken into account for the assessment of economic and social-ecological risks, since it exceeds the generally accepted value of 0.01. When using electrodialysis water purification and frequent changes in the concentration of salts at the inlet, the risk of receiving underpurified water is 0.0271. This value is also greater than 0.01 risk accepted as acceptable. The water distillation technology has enough margin to compensate for any deviations in the purification process and gives a very low risk. However, the distillation process is more effective in removing only soluble impurities, while in the case of suspended substances, in particular of organic origin, there is a risk of exceeding the limit of 0.01.

Slutsky compensating variation for assessing inflationary pressure on the income of the Ukraine population

The article is devoted to the improvement of analytical tools, applying for household well-being assessment through using Slutsky compensating variation concept for the consideration of changes in the structure of consumer expenditures, as a factor, impacting the power of inflationary pressure. Authors propose to use the formula for calculating the compensating variation of income on the basis index of consumer price for every commodity group with a specific weight relevant to the share of spending on the appropriate commodity in the consumer budget. Calculations according to the proposed methodology made it possible to reveal significant differences in the distribution of inflationary pressure between Ukrainian households with different equivalent per capita incomes. The trend of shifting the burden of inflation to the least wealthy sections of the population looks extremely threatening. Having a highly concentrated demand (the majority of their budget is spent on essential goods, the prices of which are rising the fastest), such households face extremely unfavorable conditions for the development and even simple reproduction of human potential, and the effectiveness of social protection programs is clearly insufficient to counteract the decline in well-being and risks of marginalization of these population groups.

Features of the pathodynamics of psychosomatic pathology (based on the psoriasis model) under the influence of large-scale social crises

Background. Psychoemotional stress is a relevant factor in the recurrence of psoriasis. In recent years, the population of Ukraine has been experiencing strong social stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the war. Studying the influence of social stress on the recurrence of psoriasis allows for the personalization of therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at normalizing the psycho-emotional sphere in patients with psoriasis. Purpose – to investigate the relationship between the influence of stress and the pathodynamics of psychosomatic pathology (on the model of psoriasis) during periods of social upheavals, to determine, in the future, targets of medical and psychological support of the population during large-scale social crises. Objectives of the study: to determine the frequency of recurrence of psoriasis during the action of powerful social stress, their connection with social stress, and features of psychopathological manifestations during exacerbations taking into account the scale. Materials and Methods. 39 men and 44 women with psoriasis were examined using a specially developed online questionnaire. Results. It was found that 36.1% of patients had an exacerbation of psoriasis in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (38.6% of women and 33.3% of men), and the majority (63.3% of patients) associated this exacerbation with stress pandemic Exacerbation occurred insignificantly more often in refugees: 38.9% vs. 34.0% (p>0.05); among local residents, the impact of stress was more often noted by women (66.7% vs. 57.1%, p>0.05), and among refugees by men (66.7% vs. 62.5%, p>0.05). The structure of psychopathological manifestations during an exacerbation during the COVID-19 pandemic was dominated by fear and anxiety (80.0%), low mood (66.7%), dyssomnias (50%), manifestations of asthenia (36.7%), emotional lability and irritability (33.3%), with the prevalence of all psychopathological symptoms being slightly higher among women. It was found that the stress of war was associated with a higher frequency of psoriasis exacerbations (49.4%) and a higher association with social stress (82.9%), more significantly in refugees (55.6% vs. 44.7%, p>0, 05), and among men (51.3% vs. 47.7%, p>0.05). This is a significant (p<0.01) more than during the Covid-19 pandemic, the same differences are detected for men (p<0.01) and women (p <0.05). Statistically significant exacerbation occurred after the start of the war compared to the Covid-19 pandemic in IDPs in general (p <0.05) and in men-IVPO (p <0.05). Affected by psychopathological symptoms during exacerbations during wartime was also higher than the pandemic period: fear, anxiety – 97.6%, reduced mood – 92.7%, asthenisation – 51.2%, irritability – 39.0%. Moreover, men were greater than the prevalence of low mood and emotional lability. Conclusion. The determining factor of exacerbation of psychosomatic pathology (on the model of excerbation of psoriasis) is the content of stress factor and features of individual response to stress, while gender differences of response, and even the fact of forced resettle during large-scale social crises, are less significant. The prospects for further research are to study the role of large-scale social crises with the recurrence of psychosomatic pathology, and to develop on the basis of these personalized medical and psychological support measures.

Regional Antibiotic Resistance of the Main Uropathogens

The most important reason for the increase in mortality from infectious factors on the planet is the acquisition of resistance to antibacterial agents by microflora. Therefore, modern guidelines for the treatment of human infectious diseases recommend considering the regional sensitivity of the microflora when choosing an antibiotic. The treatment of infectious lesions of the urinary system is no exception, the disease of which is annually included in the list of the most frequent reasons for increasing the «burden of disease» on the planet. Therefore, the study of the microbial landscape of uropathogenic flora and its sensitivity to modern antibiotics in the Ukrainian population will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of treatment, especially empirical treatment, and reducing the antibiotic resistance of local uropathogens. The objective: optimization of the therapy of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary system by considering the sensitivity of the main regional uropathogens to antibacterial agents. Materials and methods. Bacteriological research was carried out on 545 urine samples of symptomatic inpatients and outpatients aged 19 to 95 years, in whom pathological changes in urine sediment were determined during the examination. According to the sex distribution, women predominated in both groups in the ratio of 1.6:1 and 3.8:1, respectively. Identification of causative agents and their properties, as well as sensitivity to antibiotics, was carried out according to the standardized methods of domestic and international guidelines. The growth of microflora with the number of colony-forming units in 1 ml ≥ 104 (CFU/ml) was considered clinically significant. Statistical analysis was carried out with the help of the statistical package EZR v. 1.50. The critical level of significance is 0.05. Results. In urine samples obtained from patients of a multidisciplinary hospital, 81.7% of identified microorganisms were Escherichia coli (31.5%), Enterococcus faecalis (17.2%), Klebsiella spp. (16.2%), Candida albicans (6.6%), Acinetobacter species (5.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4.6%). In the outpatient group of patients, 92.1% of uropathogens were Escherichia coli (52.3%), Klebsiella spp. (13.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.6%), Enterococcus faecalis (8.0%) and Enterobacter sрp. (4.6%). In the spectrum of pathogens of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary system, the role of microorganisms that form a capsule (Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter sрp.) has been increasing in recent years: among the uropathogens in examined inpatients in 2013 (n=122) and 2022 (n=108) proportion of Klebsiella spp. increased, respectively, from 14.8% to 37%; and the proportion of Acinetobacter sрp. from 2.8% to 3.3%. The majority of uropathogens identified from the urine of patients of a multidisciplinary somatic hospital, in contrast to the outpatient group, was characterized by polyresistance to the action of antibacterial agents. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were sensitive only to fosfomycin and carbapenems, and Enterococcus faecalis – to fosfomycin, amoxicillin clavulonate, ampicillin sulbactam, vancomycin, meropenem and linezolid. Acinetobacter sрp. was insensitive to all antibiotics used in the study. The growth of fungi of the genus Candida albicans was inhibited by the main antifungal drugs of the «access» category – fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole, with a tendency toward a gradual increase in resistance, which was indicated by a significant number of moderately sensitive strains – 35, 25, and 10%, respectively. Conclusions. The spectrum of uropathogenic flora in patients of a multidisciplinary hospital is characterized by greater diversity and a more frequent combination of several types of microorganisms in one patient compared to the outpatient group. The most common causative agents of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract in the Kyiv region are polyresistant strains of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella spp. In the spectrum of pathogens of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary system, the role of microorganisms that form a capsule (Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter sрp.) has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, we are witnessing the evolutionary success of the protective mechanism of capsule formation, which is related, among other things, to the phenomenon of Bacterial Quorum Sensing in microorganisms and the formation of biofilms. Implementation of the obtained results of the study of regional sensitivity of uropathogens to antibacterial agents in medical practice will improve the results of treatment of infectious and inflammatory urological pathology and prevent the growth of antibiotic resistance of the local flora.

Regarding the implementation of foreign psychotherapeutic approaches in the mental health protection system of the population of Ukraine in conditions of war

Background. The work is devoted to the problem of preserving the mental health of the population of Ukraine. The emergence of stress-related mental disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, leads to a negative effect on families and communities, problems of mutual understanding, support and recovery. Against this background, there is no doubt about the need to implement the experience of Western colleagues in the mental health care system at all levels of care provision. The purpose of the work is to update the issue of the implementation of foreign psychotherapeutic approaches in the system of mental health care of the population of Ukraine in the conditions of war. Materials and methods. On the basis of the analysis of literary sources and information resources, a modern overview of the problem of introducing modern psychotherapeutic directions into the system of mental health protection of the population in wartime conditions was obtained. Discussion. An analytical review of pathogenetic prerequisites for the implementation of the experience of Western doctors in rehabilitation measures and psychological support measures was carried out. Implementation of strategies aimed at preventing mental illness through education, stress reduction, and development of psychosocial support can help reduce the prevalence of risk factors for the development of mental health problems. Justification of the implementation of Western experience is important for improving the provision of assistance in the mental health system in Ukraine, which will meet modern standards and take into account the peculiarities of Ukrainian culture and society.At the same time, ensuring effective rehabilitation for victims is an act of recognition of their dignity and rights to a full life. Conclusions. At the current stage, Western health care systems emphasize the prevention of mental illnesses through education, stress reduction, and the development of psychosocial support. Implementing these strategies can help reduce the prevalence of risk factors for developing mental health problems. The ability to integrate mental health care into the general medical context is a priority, as it can improve detection of mental illness, provide a comprehensive approach to treatment, and reduce stigmatisation in the society. Focusing on the scientific basis is a priority, because the proven base of Western approaches to the issue of maintaining mental health is based on scientific research and effective methods.

ASSOCIATION OF I/D POLYMORPHISM OF THE ACE GENE WITH THE PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF UTERINE BLEEDING AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LEIOMYOMATOUS NODES IN PATIENTS WITH A COMORBID COURSE OF UTERINE LEIOMYOMA AND GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS

Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is the most common benign tumor, which leads to reduced work capacity and loss of reproductive function in women of childbearing age.The aim of the study – to investigate the presence of probable associations of the polymorphic variant I/D of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene with the presence/absence of uterine bleeding and the characteristics of leiomyomatous nodes in patients with a comorbid course of intramural UL and genital endometriosis.Study methods. The molecular genetic study of the polymorphic variant I/D of the ACE gene was applied to 33 patients with a comorbid course of intramural UL and genital endometriosis and 30 patients with isolated intramural UL (at the same time, 5 patients had a medical history of cycles of controlled ovarian stimulation with the help of assisted reproductive technologies and a diagnosis of infertility) according to the standard operating procedure developed in the interdepartmental educational and research laboratory of the Ternopil State Medical University named after I.Ya. Horbachevskyi of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Study results. In patients with isolated intramural UL, uterine bleeding probably prevails in individuals with the DD genotype of the polymorphic variant of the ACE gene relative to individuals with the ID and II genotypes (χ2=7.07; p=0.029). At the same time, the presence of the D allele increases the risk of uterine bleeding by 5.8 times. Analysis of the dominant pattern of inheritance of the ACE gene showed that carriers of the D allele (genotype ID+DD) among patients with isolated intramural UL have a 6.3-fold increased risk of uterine bleeding. Analysis of the relationship between the maximum diameter of the leiomyomatous node in patients of the studied groups and the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene in the group with isolated intramural UL revealed that the maximum diameter of the node in carriers of the DD genotype exceeds the corresponding indicator in carriers of the II genotype by 28.89% (p <0.001), and the maximum node diameter in ID genotype carriers exceeds the corresponding indicator in II genotype carriers by 9.43% (р=0.032). In addition, the maximum node diameter is 14.29% greater in carriers of the D allele than the corresponding indicator in carriers of the I allele. As for the relationship between the number of leiomyomatous nodes in the patients of the studied groups and the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene, probable differences were established only in the group with a comorbid course of intramural UL and genital endometriosis. At the same time, the individuals with a solid node predominate among carriers of the II and ID genotypes, while the individuals with multiple nodes predominate among carriers of the DD genotype; the distribution of persons with a solid node or multiple nodes is even among carriers of the D allele, and a solid node was found in 72.41% of individuals (р=0.045) among carriers of the I allele. In addition, the presence of the D allele increases the risk of multiple nodes by 3.09 times. Conclusions. It was found for the first time in the Ukrainian population, that the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene (the presence of the D allele (genotype ID+DD)) is probably associated with an increased risk of multiple leiomyomatous nodes in patients with a comorbid course of intramural UL and genital endometriosis and with an increased risk of uterine bleeding and the size of the leiomyomatous node in patients with isolated intramural UL. The results of the logistic regression analysis show that the presence of the DD genotype of the ACE gene is associated with the development of uterine bleeding and the occurrence of multiple leiomyomatous nodes in patients with intramural UL, regardless of the presence of comorbid genital endometriosis.

ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ ПОВЕДІНКИ ПОКУПЦІВ НА СПОЖИВЧОМУ РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The purpose of the study is to identify typical determinants of consumer behavior under martial law. The article attempts to analyze consumer behavior and its impact on the consumer market of Ukraine. The key factors determining consumer behavior in the consumer market of Ukraine under conditions of military operations have been identified. The dynamics of indices of consumer sentiment in Ukraine were analyzed, in particular: indices of inflation expectations, consumer sentiment, current situation, economic expectations, expectations regarding the dynamics of unemployment, and their interrelationships were also analyzed. The trends revealed by the change in the consumer behavior of the population of Ukraine under the conditions of martial law are substantiated. Recommendations for business and government on effective management of the consumer market and ensuring economic stability in conditions of military conflict have been developed.

Genetic determinants of global developmental delay and intellectual disability in Ukrainian children

BackgroundGlobal developmental delay or intellectual disability usually accompanies various genetic disorders as a part of the syndrome, which may include seizures, autism spectrum disorder and multiple congenital abnormalities. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have improved the identification of pathogenic variants and genes related to developmental delay. This study aimed to evaluate the yield of whole exome sequencing (WES) and neurodevelopmental disorder gene panel sequencing in a pediatric cohort from Ukraine. Additionally, the study computationally predicted the effect of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) based on recently published genetic data from the country’s healthy population.MethodsThe study retrospectively analyzed WES or gene panel sequencing findings of 417 children with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or other symptoms. Variants of uncertain significance were annotated using CADD-Phred and SIFT prediction scores, and their frequency in the healthy population of Ukraine was estimated.ResultsA definitive molecular diagnosis was established in 66 (15.8%) of the individuals. WES diagnosed 22 out of 37 cases (59.4%), while the neurodevelopmental gene panel identified 44 definitive diagnoses among the 380 tested patients (12.1%). Non-diagnostic findings (VUS and carrier) were reported in 350 (83.2%) individuals. The most frequently diagnosed conditions were developmental and epileptic encephalopathies associated with severe epilepsy and GDD/ID (associated genes ARX, CDKL5, STXBP1, KCNQ2, SCN2A, KCNT1, KCNA2). Additionally, we annotated 221 VUS classified as potentially damaging, AD or X-linked, potentially increasing the diagnostic yield by 30%, but 18 of these variants were present in the healthy population of Ukraine.ConclusionsThis is the first comprehensive study on genetic causes of GDD/ID conducted in Ukraine. This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of the genetic causes of GDD/ID in Ukraine. It presents a substantial dataset of diagnosed genetic conditions associated with GDD/ID. The results support the utilization of NGS gene panels and WES as first-line diagnostic tools for GDD/ID cases, particularly in resource-limited settings. A comprehensive approach to resolving VUS, including computational effect prediction, population frequency analysis, and phenotype assessment, can aid in further reclassification of deleterious VUS and guide further testing in families.

Interaction of legal and political systems in Ukraine: problems and ways to solve them

The article examines the main aspects of the interaction of legal and political systems to create conditions for the stable development of the state, strengthening and maintenance of law and order.
 The effectiveness of the political system is ensured by the coherence of the actions of all components of the system, which, in turn, is achieved with the help of legal means. The legal system, embodying the normative basis, affects social relations and ensures their stability; and the political system, in turn, is connected with a special sphere of people’s activity - politics, which reflects the sphere of relations between classes, social groups, collectives, and citizens regarding state power.
 The formation of the modern legal system of Ukraine in accordance with international, in particular with European legal standards is a complex and multifunctional process, and therefore requires a deep scientific analysis of the legal reality and the development of conceptual foundations of its functioning and development.
 The current period of development of the Ukrainian legal system (which in its genesis and legal features is similar to the legal system of the Romano-Germanic type) is connected both with the improvement of the main features of continental law and with the formation of effective ways of bringing it closer to European international legal systems.
 In the current situation, the need to create a single legal space, within which it would be possible to quickly achieve effective cooperation between states that have different economic and legal systems, is becoming urgent.
 Having considered the existing legal systems, we can already conclude that Ukraine undoubtedly belongs to the family of the continental legal system. However, in our country, private law, for example, is extremely underdeveloped. For a long time, the main attention was paid mainly to the development of public law. It is likely that the great difficulties of implementing a socially oriented market economy and entrepreneurship in our country are connected with this. The low legal awareness of the population of Ukraine in the field of private law also stands in the way of the integration of our state into the world economic space.

Well-being of mental health workers during the Russian-Ukrainian War

Introduction: While the detrimental impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on mental health of Ukrainian population has been well-documented, less attention has been given to mental health workers (MHWs) providing mental health support services amid the war.
 Purpose: To examine levels of domain-specific well-being in Ukrainian MHWs; identify and quantify the relative importance of factors associated with well-being; and examine interactions of risk and protective factors in relation to each well-being domain.
 Methodology: A convenience sample of 178 MHWs completed a survey that assessed their well-being, and sociodemographic, war-related, mental health, and psychosocial characteristics.
 Results: Lower levels of mental health difficulties such as anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and higher levels of psychosocial factors such as higher optimism, gratitude, and presence and search for meaning were associated with higher well-being. MHWs with high levels of protective psychosocial factors were more likely to report higher well-being even in the presence of mental health difficulties.
 Conclusions: Results of this study provide insight into the levels and correlates of multiple well-being domains among Ukrainian MHWs amid the ongoing war. They further suggest that interventions to mitigate mental health difficulties and bolster protective psychosocial factors may help promote well-being in this population

Міжнародно-правове регулювання окремих питань трудової міграції

The fact of widespread labor migration is proved not only among the population of Ukraine, but also among the world community as a whole. The main reasons for the movement of the working-age population in the context of globalisation processes are identified. The main aspects of the need for a unified model of compliance of national legislation with international standards are identified. It is proved that the unanimity of legal regulation of the labor migration process would help to eliminate contradictions between the provisions of legal systems of different states. The list of international documents which define the fundamental concepts of regulation of the area of public relations under study is outlined in the article.

Внутрішньо переміщені особи як особливий об'єкт соціального захисту України

The article is devoted to the study of certain issues related to the social protection of internally displaced persons in Ukraine through the prism of security and economic aspects, which are the main ones for this category of persons. It is emphasized that the issues of migration processes throughout all the years of Ukraine's independence were quite acute for our state. The issue of the legal status of persons who returned to the state from the territories of the republics of the former Soviet space was replaced by the issue of refugees, deported peoples, illegal and labor migration, and since 2014, a new category of migrants has emerged – internally displaced persons. Terrible events: the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the armed conflict in the East of the country, and in 2022 – a full-scale aggressive war by the Russian Federation, which continues to this day, caused the largest internal displacement of the population of Ukraine. All this became a good reason for the adoption of a number of legislative acts that created the basis for regulating their status and creating an appropriate mechanism for the realization and protection of the rights and freedoms of this category of persons. It has been established that today in our country an extremely terrible mass forced migration crisis continues, which in terms of its scale and consequences is considered to be almost the largest in terms of its nature and number of forced displacement of the population. The large-scale military aggression shown by the Russian Federation against Ukraine left a large number of residents of our country without homes, radically changed their security, economic and financial situation, as well as the state of their social security and well-being. Such vulnerability of IDPs requires the state to create and use a whole range of possible measures and means that will ensure the proper social integration of these persons in the new environment, among which the most important are the issues of: provision of housing, employment opportunities, realization of the right to medical care and education, psychological support, etc., as well as financial support, which is almost the most important element of providing social services.

Abstract 4854: Breast cancer incidence trends in Ukraine 2010-2019: Rising incidence at young ages

Abstract Background. BC commonly affects women of older age, however, in developing countries around 20-25% cases of BC presented in young woman. Age-specific clinical characteristics or outcomes data for young women are lacking. Most of the standard treatments used in this subpopulation currently are derived from older patients. Early onset BC is often defined aggressive in nature. Several research have attributed this to a hidden unique biology. However, findings remain controversial. Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe recent trends for BC incidence in Ukraine since 2010 by age groups and interpret them to seek clue for improvement. Methods: We analyzed records from the NCR on 143420 BC cases (C50, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10)) diagnosed in 2010-2019 in female Ukrainian population. The data were submitted on the beginning of 2022. We calculated annual age-standardized incidence rates (ASRWs) for three age groups. The estimated annual percent change (EAPC) of the rates was calculated using the generalized linear regression. The difference of the rates with its statistical significance was determined with the standardized rate ratio. Results: During 2010-2019, the proportion of BC in all cancers detected at the age of 20-44 increased from 21.7% to 25.9%, while the frequency of BC detection at the age of 45+ did not change and ranged 19.3-20.2%. During the study period, the BC incidence rate has increased significantly (≤0.01): the ASRW of females aged 0-85+ grew with EAPC=0.6% amounting to 42.4-45.7 per 100,000 population, the incidence rate of women aged 45+ grew with EAPC=0.3% ranging from 130.0 to 139.6 per 100,000 population, while the incidence rate of women aged 20-44 grew with EAPC=1.8% amounting to 22.8-27.8 per 100,000 population. In age group 20-44 years, EAPC of BC incidence (1.8%) significantly exceeds the EAPC of the incidence for all cancers combined (0.2%). The dynamics of stage distribution showed increasing proportion of BC cases detected in women aged 20-44 in stage 1 (by 4.1% from 2010 to 2019) and its decreasing for BC cases detected in stage 2 by 4.5%; the proportion of cases diagnosed in stage 4 decreased by 0.5% along with increase in number of cases with undefined stage by 0.6%. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate trends for increasing the incidence of Early Onset BC in Ukraine and justify need for the further research elucidating prognosis and validating novel biomarkers for customizing therapy for this patient group . Citation Format: Nataliia Verovkina, Olena Sumkina, Liubov Syvak, Wafik El-Diery. Breast cancer incidence trends in Ukraine 2010-2019: Rising incidence at young ages [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4854.

Ukrainian Thoughts and Feelings based on One Year War Content Analysis

In the age of remarkable technological innovations such as AI, quantum computing, IoT, and blockchain, one could argue that the world is becoming an increasingly connected, advanced, enlightened, and peaceful place. Nevertheless, paradoxically, conflicts and wars are still born deeply rooted in complex strategic, historical, and economic dynamics, and continue to arise finding a direct representation in both physical and digital battlefields through powerful and dynamic environments like social media. This environment enabled unprecedented connectivity and ideas, thoughts, ideologies, and experiences exchange shaping the narrative, amplifying ideas, feelings, and experiences while directly addressing the underlying causes, dynamics, and implications of conflicts and war through a multifaceted and multi-nuanced approach. The outbreak and ongoing war in Ukraine took the international community off guard representing a significant turning point in the contemporary era that received immediately intensive global attention, united global humanitarian, and strategic efforts to support and help the ones in need, and reflected its geopolitical and economic global complexities, dynamics, and implications. At the same time, a high degree of disinformation and misinformation exists surrounding different aspects about this war e.g., actions taken, and impact produced on civilians, which contributes to creating an altered perspective of reality. While different conventional media and social media outlets together with research, governmental, and practitioner efforts revealed and reflected on the nature, major incidents, and their known impact on civilians and civilian objects as well as military personnel and military objects, yet limited attention and a lower voice is given through dedicated studies to thoughts and emotions of Ukrainian users in unconventional social media platforms like Telegram. This represents the knowledge gap tackled in this research by building a set of Machine Learning-based solutions for analysing the discourses and sentiments of Ukrainian users using the Design Science Research methodology in a Data Science research approach. From this analysis, reflection is provided to important days and incidents experienced by Ukrainian population since February 2022 in the first year of war.

Quantitative assessment of the deficit in consumption of milk and meat products by the population of Ukraine as a result of food losses and waste

Purpose. The purpose of our study is to assess the extent to which food losses and waste affect the level of deficit in the consumption of milk and meat products by the population of Ukraine, which will allow us to identify the regions of Ukraine for which measures and policies to reduce food losses and waste should be developed.
 Methodology / approach. The empirical research was conducted using primary and secondary data. Primary data were used to calculate food losses and waste according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) methodology. Secondary data were used for correlation and regression analysis. Correlation and regression analysis were conducted for each of the six types of products: meat and milk. Factorial features are food losses and waste per capita. The result feature of the correlation and regression analysis is the share of consumption deficit resulting from food losses and waste. The sample was formed based on data from 24 regions of Ukraine.
 Results. According to the results of the correlation and regression analysis, the assumption of the absence of a relationship is not confirmed; all factors are significant. It has been proven that food losses and waste of milk and meat are a significant factor in the formation of a deficit in the consumption of milk and meat by the population of Ukraine. It was determined that milk losses and waste have a somewhat higher impact on the deficit of product consumption than meat losses and waste. It was established that the share of the deficit in milk and meat consumption, which arises as a result of food losses and waste, is higher in those areas that traditionally specialise in the production of livestock products. The feasibility of developing and implementing differentiated measures to reduce the deficit of milk and meat consumption in certain regions is substantiated.
 Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the degree of impact of food losses and waste of milk and meat production on the deficit of consumption of these products by the population of Ukraine has been scientifically proven and quantified.
 Practical value / implications. The results of this empirical study are the basis for the development of state and regional programmes and the implementation of the necessary actions to achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 12 (SDG 2, 12) in Ukraine.

The institute of small cases in the civil procedure of Ukraine as an obstacle for the effective principles of the rule of law and the accessibility of justice

The article is devoted to the analysis of the institute of civil procedural law — «minor cases». The purpose of the article is to find out whether this institution of civil procedural law an obstacle in the implementation of the principles of the rule of law and access to justice. In the course of the study, the practice of the ECtHR, the provisions of the domestic legislation of Ukraine and the acts of interpretation of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine were analysed. This made it possible to illustrate the lack of unity in understanding not only the essence of the principle of the rule of law, but also the content of the legal category «minor cases». The criteria for assigning civil cases to the «insignificant» category were analysed; it is determined that the procedural law identifies three criteria for classifying a case as insignificant: 1) a direct indication in the law (regardless of the price of the claim); 2) the marginal indicator of the price of the claim; 3) judicial discretion, taking into account the price of the claim. When analysing these criteria, a comparative legal characterization of the size of the living wage for able-bodied persons in relation to the size of the minimum wage was carried out. Along with the analysis of the practice of the ECtHR, this gave grounds for the conclusion that the establishment of the limitation of the right to cassation appeal of minor cases (with the exception of some exceptions) generally corresponds to international standards of judicial development and European recommendations on the introduction and improvement of the functioning of systems and procedures of appeal in civil and economic affairs. At the same time, it was established that clauses 1 and 5, part 6 of Art. 19 of the Code of Civil Procedure of Ukraine by the civil procedural legislation, the limit indicators of the price of the claim (one hundred and two hundred and fifty amounts of the subsistence minimum for able-bodied persons) violate a reasonable balance between the interests of the state (regarding the relief of the courts and the improvement of the functioning of systems and procedures of appeal in civil cases) and the needs of the protection of fundamental rights person, taking into account the property status of the main social and demographic groups of the population of Ukraine. And such a restriction is not compatible with the clause of Art. 6 of the European Conference, as there is no reasonable relationship of proportionality between the means used and the goal they are trying to achieve. Therefore, it is proposed to revise the marginal indicators of the price of the claim and the definition of its relevant indicator for the qualification of cases as insignificant.

INDEX ASSESSMENT OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE AND ORAL HYGIENE OF PATIENTS AT THE PREOPERATIVE STAGE OF TREATMENT OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS II-III DEGREE

A significant concern in modern dentistry is the increasing prevalence of periodontitis among the Ukrainian population. At present, there is a high frequency of diagnosis for initial-І degree and II-degree periodontitis in our country. However, a comprehensive comparative chronological analysis of index evaluation of periodontal tissues before the beginning of surgical treatment of generalized periodontitis of II and III degree of severity and after its completion has not yet been carried out, which determined the relevance of this study. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap in the literature.
 The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of periodontal tissues of patients at the preoperative stage of generalized periodontitis ІІ-ІІІІ degree treatment using periodontal and hygienic indices.
 Materials and Methods. Analysis of periodontal indices (PMA, PBI, Rtg-index, HEC, and tooth mobility
 score) was performed in 39 patients with GP II degree and 21 patients with GP III degree. Assessment of oral cavity hygiene by the OHI-S index was performed in patients with GP II-III degree and compared with data from 30 practically healthy people without dental diseases. The classification of M.F. Danilevsky (1994) with the additions of I.S. Mashchenko (2002) was used to evaluate the condition of periodontal tissues. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the software packages for statistical analysis of data from biomedical research “Microsoft Excel” and “Statistica”.
 Results and Discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the values of periodontal indices: PMA ranged from 49.90±2.28% in patients with GP II degree to 64.25±3.22% in patients with GP III degree, p<0.01; PBI in patients with GP III degree was 1.2 times lower than in patients with GP II degree (2.39±0.05 points vs. 2.86±0.07 points, p<0.01; tooth mobility in patients with GP II degree was 2.00±0.10 points and was 1.5 times lower than in patients with GP III degree (2. 98±0.13 points), p<0.01; the value of HEC in patients with GP III degree was 1.5 times higher than in patients with GP II degree (3.57±0.10 mm vs. 2.45±0.08 mm, p<0.01); the values of Rtg-index in patients with GP ranged from 2.45±0.08 points in patients with GP II degree to 1.49±0.06 points in patients with GP III degree. According to the OHI-S index, in the control group and in patients with GP II degree, the values of the analyzed parameter were 1.82±0.13 points and 2.26±0.14 points, p<0. 05, while in patients with GP III degree the value of OHI-S index (2.92±0.16 points) corresponded to poor hygiene of oral cavity and exceeded the value in the control group by 1.6 times, p<0.01, and in patients with GP II degree by 1.3 times, p1<0.01.
 Conclusions. Thus, the need for comprehensive treatment of GP II-III degree was emphasized by high index scores of periodontal indices, which in patients with GP III degree were significantly higher compared with similar data in patients with GP II degree, p<0.01. The assessment of the hygienic state of the oral cavity in patients of both the comparison group and patients with advanced forms of GP degree the need to strengthen and improve individual, professional and motivational measures in this cohort of subjects.

Key indicators of beef safety and quality as important aspects of conservation

Meat cattle breeding should develop in Ukraine as a priority and independent industry to meet beef needs. The meat industry has enormous potential and, as the most promising and attractive, will take a dominant place in the structure of the domestic food industry in the coming years. Beef is one of the most essential elements of the human diet. It contains complete proteins and animal fats, biologically active substances, mineral elements, and vitamins. The most important feature of food products is their quality and safety indicators, that is, the absence of substances harmful to the consumer's health and pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases. In this regard, veterinary and sanitary expertise and product safety control are of particular importance, as they are necessary to ensure the health of the population of Ukraine. Improving the quality of meat and meat products is a primary task in modern conditions. The implementation of this task depends not only on agricultural but also on processing enterprises. The article presents materials on the study of critical indicators of the safety and quality of beef. The study was carried out as part of the research work of the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology, hygiene, and Expertise: “Monitoring the content of toxic substances in drinking water, feed and their impact on the body of cattle and the quality and safety of products”, state registration number – 0120U101318. The material for the research was the slaughter products of domestic animals, such as cattle, which were supplied to enterprises in the city of Zhytomyr. Pre-slaughter inspection and veterinary-sanitary examination of carcasses and their slaughter products of cattle was carried out following the “Rules of pre-slaughter veterinary examination of animals and veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products”. The study aims to determine the safety and quality indicators of beef obtained in the conditions of meat processing enterprises of the Zhytomyr region. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive survey of beef safety and quality indicators was conducted. As a result of the tests, it was established that the pH level of the meat was 5.7–6.1. Carrying out the reaction with a 5 % solution of CuSO4 in the broth showed that the broth was transparent. A positive response to peroxidase was also detected. The safety parameters corresponded to regulatory documents. Careful control of the safety and quality of beef at every stage of production, starting from the rearing of animals and up to the sale of the product, guarantees a high degree of consumer protection.