Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church Research Articles

ОТЕЦЬ КЛИМЕНТІЙ ШЕПТИЦЬКИЙ — КАНДИДАТ НА ЄПИСКОПА-ПОМІЧНИКА ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ АРХИЄПАРХІЇ З ПРАВАМИ НАСТУПНИЦТВА

In 1917, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi is returning from Russian captivity. And although he arrives to his native eparchy with the glory of a tsarist prisoner, nevertheless, the period of his exile has greatly affected his health. Realizing the challenges facing him, he begins consultations with his closest associates on the candidacy of a bishop-assistant for Lviv Archeparchy. Lviv Chapter considered the Metropolitan’s native brother, Father Klymentii Sheptytskyi, to be the most suitable candidate. However both of them, he personally, as well as Metropolitan Andrey, were categorically against it. Despite this, the Capitular Fathers tried, often bypassing the person of Metropolitan Andrey, to convince the Apostolic Capital to use its authority and under obedience to make Father Klymentii agree to accept the title of the Assistant Bishop of Lviv with the rights of succession. And although in the meantime His Most Reverend Bishop Ivan Buchko became the Assistant Bishop of Lviv, nevertheless, the case of Klymentii Sheptytskyi candidacy for the BishopAssistant of Lviv Archeparchy with the rights of succession was in procedure until December 22, 1939, when Metropolitan Andrey secretly ordained Father Josyf Slipyj as his assistant and successor. In the Central State Historical Archive of Lviv there are several files containing correspondence which shed light on the issue of the candidacy of Father Klymentii Sheptytskyi for the bishop-assistant of Lviv with the rights of succession. It is this correspondence that formed the basis of the present article. All documents are published for the first time. Keywords: Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Pope Pius XI, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi, Archimandrite Klymentii Sheptytskyi, Father Olexandr Bachynskyy, Lviv Metropolitan Chapter, Father Pankratiy Kandyuk.

БЛАЖЕННИЙ КЛИМЕНТІЙ ШЕПТИЦЬКИЙ ЯК АВТОРИТЕТ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ГРЕКО-КАТОЛИЦЬКОЇ ЦЕРКВИ: АНАЛІЗ РЕЛІГІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

On the basis of a large array of archival documents and historiographical base, the activity of Klymentii Sheptytskyi as abbot of the Holy Assumption Univ Lavra is highlighted. The analysis of this suggests that the abbot Klymentii not only contributed to the restoration of the model of the convents of the Studio Charter, but thanks to the author’s messages and works became the charismatic law-maker of this model. The author found out that the monasteries of the studio, headed by the abbot Klymentii, were able to: consolidate the Ukrainian emigrants, resist the denationalization from both the Russian and Polish sides; to spread education among young people and children, which has influenced the process of education in the religious-patriotic spirit of the Eastern Galician society; to create religious and ecclesiastical periodicals and a network of monastic libraries, which played a significant role in the development of Christian and national ideas among the local population; revive sacred art, which greatly enriched the national culture; support and care for the vulnerable, including orphans, the sick and the poor. In the article it is proved that the activity of abbot Klymentii (Sheptytskyi), first, became an important factor and criterion of moral and spiritual enrichment of Ukrainians, secondly, is a clear statement that the GCC stood on the principles of Christian morality, national and cultural tolerance and upholding — religious interests of Ukrainian, and the monasteries of the Studio Charter became one of the greatest expressors, the guarantor of the realization of national and cultural interests of Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia. Keywords: Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), Klymentii Sheptytskyi, church-religious complex, clergy, repression, liquidation of the UGCC, soviet government.

"КАЛЕНДАРНІ КОНФЛІКТИ" В СЕРЕДОВИЩІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГРЕКО-КАТОЛИКІВ США І КАНАДИ У 1950–1960-Х РОКАХ

The article covers the “calendar conflicts” on the parishes of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (Ukrainian Catholic Church) in the United States and Canada in the 1950s and 1960s, which led to the creation of parallel “old calendar” parishes in Chicago, Cleveland, Philadelphia and Washington. The arrival and adaptation of the post-war wave of Ukrainian immigrants to life in the United States and Canada were accompanied by a series of conflicts with representatives of the “old” emigration, including in the religious sphere. The desire to overcome disorientation in the new environment and to slow down the process of assimilation prompted representatives of the third wave of emigration to maximize the preservation and exacerbation of those elements of the religious tradition that would, on the one hand, more closely associated them with their homeland and, on the other, separated them from their surrounding culture. This approach did not always coincide with the desires of the descendants of previous waves of immigrants and the leadership of the UGCC in these countries, which sought a more in-depth adaptation of church life to local culture. As a result, the third wave of the Ukrainian emigration developed a phenomenon of the diasporic religion inherent for the first generations of immigrants in general, and which comprises the formation of such a religious environment (the “old” calendar became one of its elements), institutions and discourse that would connect newly arrived immigrants to their homeland and keep them from assimilation.

Wywiad rzeka ze Światosławem Szewczukiem jako odmiana tekstu autobiograficznego

The article analyses the extended interview Dialogue Heals all Wounds carried out by Marek Tomalik, the head of the foreign department of the Catholic Information Agency, with Sviatoslav Shevchuk, Major Archbishop of Kiev, the head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, published in 2018 by the Znak Publishing House. The focus is on the genre features that allow to categorise this text as autobiographical literature. When analysing the memories of the main character, special attention is devoted to the construction of his personal, group, and national identity in the text.

МІЖКОНФЕСІЙНЕ ПРОТИСТОЯННЯ В СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНІ: ФОРМИ ВИЯВУ ТА ШЛЯХИ ПРОТИДІЇ

The aim of the article is to clarify the essence of the main forms of inter-confessional confrontation in Ukraine among Christian churches and to find ways to counteract them in order to religiously and nationally consolidate Ukrainian society. Conflictogenic factors influencing the interfaith confrontation in modern Ukraine have been identified. There are two main groups of interfaith conflicts, each of which has special forms of interfaith confrontation and different phases of their severity: conflicts between Orthodoxy and other denominations; conflicts in the Orthodox environment. It is substantiated that with the restoration of the Ukrainian Churches during the rise of Ukrainian independence in the 90s of the twentieth century. interfaith relations have become more acute, which is associated with both the split of Ukrainian Orthodoxy and the actualization of the long-standing conflict between Orthodoxy and the revived Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The reasons for the confrontation in the Orthodox environment were conflicts of corporate interests between individual Orthodox church institutions, different views of each of them on the principles of the unification process and a radically opposite understanding of canonicity. The formation of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, although integrating the interests of the two Orthodox denominations (UOC KP and UAOC), at the same time did not eliminate inter-confessional contradictions with the UOC within the Moscow Patriarchate. It is concluded that the realities of Ukrainian church life encourage an active search for ways to counteract interfaith confrontation, a key aspect of which should be the establishment of a new format of socio-religious communication in the coordinates "Church-Church", "Church-State", "Church-Society". In a practical sense, effective means of its implementation can be: interfaith dialogue, building the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, countering Russian ideological aggression, strengthening the role of the media in overcoming religious threats.

АРХІВ РОДИНИ ШЕПТИЦЬКИХ У ПРИЛБИЧАХ: РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЯ, ОГЛЯД ЗБЕРЕЖЕНИХ ДОКУМЕНТІВ

The aim of the investigation is to reveal the contents and the structure of the Sheptytskyi family archives in their patrimony Prylbychi, to study the present state of documents and their proveniences. For the first time the study of 100 documents from the Sheptytskyi family archives has been carried out considering the initial systematization and the structure of the collection. The later registering of the archives documents have been studied and the complete list of survived records presented in the Supplement. The archives of Sheptytskyi in Prylbychi originated from the family papers and collection activities of John Cantius Remigius Sheptytskyi, the father of the Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi. In the archives were nearly 400 records of various proveniencies, registered by means of special stamp and ordinary numbers presumably at the end of the 19th c. Part of the Prylbychi archives, at least 100 documents, was taken by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi to his Lviv residence, and thus escaped the extinction, while the mansion in Prylbychi was burnt by the Soviet invaders in 1939. After 1944 this part of the Prylbychi archives was confiscated along with the documents of the «Unia Historical Archives» and other Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church documentation. Since 1960 a part of these materials is known as the Fond 18 in the Central Academic Library of Ukraine in Kyiv. Nearly a half of Prylbychi archives units are old parchments dating to the 14th-17th cc. Among the others documents there are autographs of the kings and imperators, high rank European aristocracy and goverment officials, personal privileges, certificates, notarial deeds, etc. Keywords: Sheptytskyi family, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi, Prylbychi, «Unia Historical Archives».

THE PHENOMENON OF “DIASPORIC RELIGION”: THE CASE OF THE THIRD WAVE OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION

The article examines the phenomenon of the diasporic religion, which emerged in the third wave of Ukrainian emigration in the form of the Patriarchal Movement of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church. Recent studies on the role of the religion in diaspora show that for the first generation of immigrants, Church and religious practices can play an even more significant role in their lives than they have played before. The reason for this is that religion is able to bridge the “gap” in time in space resulted from the emigration and to give the “stable territory” amid the rapidly changing realities. It functions as a transtemporal and translocative tool connecting newly arrived immigrants with their homeland and its history and manifests in different aspects of religious life and practices. All these aspects and practices were fully developed within the Patriarchal Movement which thus can be seen as a Ukrainian case of the phenomenon of the diasporic religion.

RUSSIAN GREEK-CATHOLIC CHURCH: HISTORY, CANONICAL STATUS AND LEGAL REGULATION OF ACTIVITIES

The purpose of the study is to reveal the history of the Russian Greek Catholic Church and the development of state-confessional relations. The methodological basis of the research was provided, in particular, by the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Dialectical logic ensures observance of the general principles of scientific knowledge. The method of comparison is used to establish similarities and differences between historical and legal phenomena and legislative processes in the environment of the Russian Greek Catholic Church, as well as in identifying common features of the problems studied. There is also a historical method applied. The scientific novelty of the study is to uncover the history of the development of the Russian Greek Catholic Church and the formation of state-confessional relations in the context of ecumenical dialogue between Catholics and Orthodox Christians. Conclusions. The Russian Greek Catholic Church originated and evolved through the care of such prominent hierarchs of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church as Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky and Patriarch Joseph Slipyj. The years of communist persecution did not become an obstacle to the preservation of the Russian Greek Catholic Church in Russia and in exile. And after the fall of the communist regime, the Russian Greek Catholic Church emerged from the underground. For Russia, its own uniates – a hint of the possibility of "alternative history" in which there is no rigid opposition to the West itself. The development of positive trends in the field of state-church relations in the last years will be the more successful, the sooner the Russian Federation (at federal and regional levels) will be able to abandon the inertia of the past decades, when state-church relations were seen as something third in the hierarchy of its interests.

Religious-pilgrim tourism in the west of Ukraine: main centres and shrines

This study analyzes the formation factors and major centres and shrines of pilgrimage and religious tourism in the Western region of Ukraine. The article presents structure of the religious space of 8 regions of Western Ukraine in the context of major Christian denominations. According to the latest statistics in the West of Ukraine, among the Christian denominations we can see dominance of believers and communities of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate and the Roman Catholic Church. The main pilgrimage centres that represent the Christian denominations of the region are characterized by attracting their faithful and at the same time serving as religious tourism centres for a wider range of people. These include, among others: Univ Lavra, Krekhiv and Hoshiv Monasteries, the Marian Spiritual Centre in Zarvanytsia (Greek-Catholic Church); Maniava Skete, St. George Monastery on the Cossack Graves (Orthodox Church of Ukraine); Pochayiv Lavra, Zymne and Mezhyrich Monasteries, Monasteries in Bukovyna and Transcarpathia (Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate). At the same time, the Roman Catholic Church is represented by sanctuaries: Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lviv, churches in Stryi, Bilshivtsi, Chortkiv, Letychiv and other settlements. The annual number of visitors to these major centres is between 30 and 100 thousand people a year. Regarding non-Christian religions, there are important shrines in the region for Hasidic pilgrims in Belz, Medzhybizh and other towns. At the same time, a number of regional centres are important destinations. There are many temples in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lutsk, Ternopil, which, given the presence of objects of religious worship and significant architectural appeal, perform both a pilgrimage and a religious-tourist function. Religious shrines, which are primarily of natural origin, are often an important component of the pilgrimage-tourist movement in the West of Ukraine. These include the appearance of the Virgin Mary, including individual hills or springs, as well as ancient cave monasteries. Numerous pilgrimage and travel agencies actively promote visits of believers and tourists to them. Development of religious and pilgrimage centres is related to the development of service infrastructure, service complexes and a network of different types of accommodation. It may be recommended to organize more educational and scholarly events of ecumenical nature and meetings of faithful of different denominations in the well-known religious centres of the region. Key words: pilgrimage, religious tourism, denominations, temple, shrine, pilgrimage centre, infrastructure.

ПЕРЕЖИТИ ГОЛОКОСТ У СХІДНІЙ ГАЛИЧИНІ: АКЦІЇ ПОРЯТУНКУ ГРЕКО-КАТОЛИЦЬКОЇ ЦЕРКВИ У СВІДЧЕННЯХ РАБИНА ДАВИДА КАГАНЕ ТА КУРТА ЛЕВІНА

Східна Галичина, що входила до складу Другої Речі Посполитої в міжвоєнний період, була приєднана до Радянського Союзу у вересні 1939 р. Розпад Польської держави та подальша німецька окупація Галичини (1941–1944 рр.) спричинили напругу у відносинах між основними етнічними групами регіону – українцями, поляками та євреями.
 Більшість українців у Східній Галичині належали до Української греко-католицької церкви (УГКЦ), очолюваної митрополитом Андреєм Шептицьким. Намагаючись відвернути антиєврейське насильство, глава УГКЦ звертався до уряду недовговічної Української держави, нацистської влади, греко-католицького духовенства та пастви. Пастирські листи Шептицького «Про милосердя» (червень 1942 р.) та «Не вбий» (листопад 1942 р.) містять непрямі висловлювання проти Голокосту. До того ж щонайменше 200 єврейських чоловіків, жінок і дітей пережили Другу світову війну завдяки ініціативам порятунку митрополита Андрея Шептицького, його брата Климентія Шептицького – настоятеля Унівської лаври, та їхнього оточення. Серед врятованих були представники двох рабинських родин у Львові, а саме доктора Езекіїля Левіна – рабина прогресивної синагоги Львова, та рабина Давида Кагане. Якщо рабин Левін, його дружина та молодший син загинули під час Голокосту, то його два старших сини, Курт і Натан, а також рабин Давид Кагане разом із дружиною та дочкою були врятовані митрополитом Шептицьким та греко-католицькими монахами Студійського уставу.
 У цій статті розглянуто ініціативи порятунку євреїв з боку представників греко-католицької ієрархії та монахів-студитів крізь призму розповідей врятованих. Дослідження ґрунтується насамперед на «Щоденнику львівського гетто» Давида Кагане, а також на спогадах Курта Левіна, документах із колекції Відділу Праведників народів світу в Яд Вашем у Єрусалимі та інтерв’ю Левіна з Архіву візуальної історії Фонду Шоа Університету Південної Каліфорнії.
 Метою статті є дослідити ініціативи порятунку братів Шептицьких та монахів-студитів під час німецької окупації Галичини (1941–1944 рр.) через спогади і розповіді в его-документах тих, хто пережив Голокост.
 Ключові слова: Греко-Католицька Церква, Голокост, порятунок євреїв, митрополит Шептицький, студити, Східна Галичина.

The Struggle of the Greek-Catholic Priests for the Legal Status of the Ukrainian Language in the Second Polish Republic (1921–1939)

The purpose of the research under studies is to reveal the peculiarities of the language policy of Interwar Poland regarding the Ukrainian-speaking population of Eastern Galicia between the two World Wars, as well as to determine the attitude of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) to this issue. The Ukrainian Greek-Catholic clergy has always struggled for its right to keep church records and to issue metric books in Ukrainian. It also upheld the natural persons’ right to have their names and surnames transcribed in compliance with the national tradition, in other words, according to the Ukrainian spelling rules. The above attempts and efforts led to the fact that some Greek-Catholic priests were brought to criminal liability. Based on the analysis of certain normative-legal acts, archive sources and specialized literature, the article under discussion investigates the legislation and judiciary of the Second Polish Republic in the field of language legal relationship. In particular, it carries out a profound analysis of public-legal disputes between the bodies of legislative power on the one hand, and the Greek-Catholic clergy – on the other. The conflict of interests lay in the fact that Polish executive bodies of state power intended to make Greek-Catholic ministers keep parish registers in the Polish language (or Latin), but not in Ukrainian. The Greek-Catholic priests regarded themselves not subject to the jurisdiction of the secular authorities and, consequently, ignored those requirements, which, eventually, resulted in a number of trials. Besides, the article under studies presents the legal position of the prosecutor's office of the Second Polish Republic and that of the Greek-Catholic priests (together with their lawyers) in the above legal conflict.

Schools of the Basilian Sisters in Jaworów during the Galician autonomy 1867-1918

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Galicia became an autonomous province in Austria-Hungary. In addition to political reforms, changes in education were proposed. The Polish language and teaching Poland’s history were introduced to schools. Private schools for girls were also founded with the objective of raising their level of education and preparing them for academic studies. Schools run by religious congregations played a significant role here. The schools were run mainly by Catholic orders including the Basilian Sisters of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (Ordo Sancti Basilii Magni). They had their convent in Jaworów in Galicia where they established an elementary school, a teachers’ school and a boarding school for girls. Ukrainian was the language of instruction. These religious schools operated according to the same principles as state schools, taught the same subjects and used the same textbooks. School authorities carried out inspections of religious schools on an annual basis. The schools enjoyed a good reputation and offered a high level of education.

UKRAINIAN CHURCH IN SEARCH OF IDENTITY: GREEK-CATHOLIC STUDIES IN THE INTERWAR LVIV

During the interwar years, the problem of self-affirmation for the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), the search for its identity was necessary. Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky called for church-historical research, especially church-ritual history, Byzantine (Greek) liturgy comparing the situation of the UGCC with the time of the Union of Brest.This article shows the contribution of Ukrainian historians who lived and worked in the interwar period in Lviv. They studied the history of the Ukrainian Church, its rites, and the role of the Ukrainian people. Proceeding from the mentioned purpose, they also studied the conditions of development, organizational and institutional peculiarities and concepts of the religious ceremonial practices of the Greek Catholic studies.In the opinion of Metropolitan Andrey, the success of the implementation of «union plans» depends on a careful study of the history of the Church and the Byzantine rite and liturgy. The significant efforts of the Metropolitan were to organize the study of the history of the Ukrainian Church in the Ukrainian territory. Lviv was the place of the greatest concentration of interwar Ukrainian scholarly Greek Catholic centers where church-historical experiments were put on professional level. Here the Ukrainian church-historical science was represented by: the centers of the UGCC (Theological Scientific Society and its printed organs (the magazine «Theology», the multi-volume «Proceedings of the BNT», the series «Publishing BNT», etc.)), the National Museum of Lviv, the Archive of Union History, the Basilian Scientific Center (Central Basilian Archives and Library and the Magazine «Notes of the Order of St. Basil the Great»).The great interest of scholars raised the issue of the origins of Christianity and the beginnings of religious ritual practice in Ukraine. According to their studies, from the very beginning of its existence, the Ukrainian Church used the Greek rite Byzantine liturgy, which in general did not prevent it from creating an original Christian culture and not endangering the loss of individuality.In order to reconstruct the ancient ritual forms, traditions and customs, Lviv scholars paid special attention to the study of the church ritual of the time of the adoption of the Union of Brest in 1596 and then afterwards. The scholars expressed the view that the independence of the Ukrainian Church was guaranteed only with the inviolability of the Eastern rituals tradition. However, this was hampered by the pressure of latinization, which began to be acutely manifested after the conclusion of the Union of Brest.

Repressions of the Soviet State against the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in 1939‒1989 in contemporary domestic historiographical discourse

The main contributions of modern domestic historiography to the study of the Communist totalitarian regime’s repressive policy against the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the years 1939–1989 are analyzed. Investigation is based on fundamental principles of historical research such as scientific objectivity and historicism. The source base includes monographs, dissertations, scientific articles, materials of the conferences and the scientific and documentary book series “Rehabilitated by History”. The focus is on basic opinions and conclusions of scholars concerning the causes, forms, types and consequences of punitive measures of the Communist-Soviet regime against clergy and believers of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in this period and an outline on the prospects for further studies of the topic. The scholarly contribution of this research is that it created an integral picture of modern domestic historiography to the study of the repressive measures of the Soviet state against the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in this period.It is established that the domestic researchers, based on extensive sources, have analyzed the causes, forms, types and consequences of the repressions, and have considered the specifics of the repressive measures against clergy and believers of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in regions of Western Ukraine. Some scientific works of domestic researchers are dedicated to victims of the Communist totalitarian regime’s repressive policy against the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The research of Ukrainian historians, who specialize on these issue, show that repressions against the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the years 1939–1953 were inspired and carried out under the close control of the top leadership of the country. They were directed to the national liberation movement of Western Ukraine and have become an integral part of Sovietization and have contributed to the establishment of the Communist-Soviet regime in Western Ukraine. The Communist-Soviet regime continued repression against the leaders and members of the Catacomb Church in the years 1954–1989.Keywords: the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCCh), the Communist-Soviet regime, state security agencies (The People’s Committee for Internal Affairs–Committee for State Security), punitive measures, prosecution, deportation

БЛАЖЕННІШИЙ ЛЮБОМИР ГУЗАР ПРО ЄДНІСТЬ ЦЕРКВИ, ДЕРЖАВИ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДІАСПОРИ

The article considers a very important factor of His Beatitude Lubomyr Husar (Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church), who actively supported together with his followers, the most positive tendencies towards the development and pacification of Ukraine. The main idea of the article is to analyze, through the prism of the historical processes of creation and existence of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the work of His Beatitude Lyubomyr Guzar, as well as the influence of the phenomenon of the international activities of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church on and its cooperation with the state in various fields. culture, language and national traditions, as well as in the structure of the state and the foreign policy of Ukraine. In addition, the article discusses the great contribution of His Beatitude Lubomyr Husar, as the head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church to the development and support of the Ukrainian diaspora abroad, which further contributed to the formation of numerous public associations of foreign Ukrainian in the world's states and linguistic, educational and cultural needs. The activity of public organizations of foreign Ukrainian is aimed at preserving its identity, language, culture and traditions. These activities are also implemented in joint projects of foreign diplomatic institutions of Ukraine and public organizations of foreign Ukrainian, directed, in particular, to scientific and educational projects, issuing periodicals with organizations, preparing and broadcasting television and radio programs, supporting Internet resources, publishing publications on Ukrainian topics. In mass media abroad, improvement of burial places (places of memory) of outstanding Ukrainian graves abroad, organization of children's lags her with the purpose of their acquaintance with the traditions of the Ukrainian language, literature, history of Ukraine, providing educational institutions with the study of the Ukrainian language and cultural centers of print, photo, audio, video production, objects of national symbols, publishing scientific, journalistic, artistic works and collections for communities of foreign Ukrainian, as well as works of foreign Ukrainian, translation of works of Ukrainian literature in foreign languages, popularization of the Ukrainian language, literature ry, culture, history and traditions of the Ukrainian people, including the teaching of the Ukrainian language, as well as other items in the Ukrainian language, fabrication and installation of plaques, dedicated to outstanding figures of Ukrainian history, science and culture and historical events.

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ТЕОРЕТИЧНИХ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРИЙОМІВ ВИВЧЕННЯ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ДОБИ В ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ГРЕКО-КАТОЛИЦЬКОЇ ЦЕРКВИ

The evolution of contemporary humanitarian science takes place under the influence of a wide range of processes that affect the human consciousness, stirring up interest in it in the knowledge of a new, in understanding its past. Recent events that filled the Ukrainian society, actualized the demands of the people to history in their local and global dimensions. Being under the constant influence of the mass media, who often submit a limited interpretation of the facts, a contemporary Ukrainian citizen has a desire for a creative study of the experiences of past generations. The hybrid Russian-Ukrainian War convincingly emphasized that knowledge of its own history is an integral part of the national security of the state, which can be built by anyone who considers Ukraine as their homeland, identifies with it a story of its kind. In studying the history of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the Soviet era, historical science enjoys both generally accepted and special methodological principles that emerged during the second half of the twentieth century. in the environment of both Ukrainian scientific emigration and post-Soviet era. It clearly reflects the historical background of the period and its impact on the functioning of scientific institutions, the formation of scientific research areas, etc. Among the key issues was the study of the historiographical description of the relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the UGCC, the Greek Catholic underground, the dissident movement in its environment. It was in the environment of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic emigration that the themes of such studies were born, which later only entered the western historiography, and hence the contemporary historical thought. Each of them contained some emotional coverage of the problem, and somewhere with elements of the archaic approach to highlighting the complex issues of the history of Ukrainian Greek Catholicism. However, in our opinion, this is perhaps the best way to understand the essence of the liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church and the repression against its episcopate, monasticism, clergy, etc. The article also focuses on the special terminology that should be used in the study of Ukrainian Greek Catholicism in the Soviet era. In particular, terms such as „unbreakable”, „Catacomb Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church”, „catacomb period of the UGCC”, „the history of the elimination of the UGCC” are highlighted and interpreted.

THE IDEOLOGICAL CONFRONTATION OF UKRAINIAN FOREIGN AND SOVIET RESEARCHERS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE OUN ACTIVITIES

The article analyzes the level and features of research of OUN activities in the 1930–1940s by Ukrainian foreign and Soviet historiography. A historiographical reflection and comparative analysis of works on this problem are carried out, the methodological and ideological confrontation of Ukrainian foreign and Soviet authors is described. The author describes the debatable, the least researched issues and concludes that in the Soviet historiography regarding the Ukrainian nationalist movement, an "image of the enemy" was formed, events were falsified. It was summed up that the generally accepted statements among Soviet historians were charges of the OUN leadership in collaboration with the German intelligence and the Polish government, as well as allegations of leading influence on the OUN of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC). It is emphasized that the Soviet authors introduced the documentary sources of the Soviet special services into scientific circulation, in which many facts of the population's cooperation with the OUN and information about its activity in Western Ukraine were presented. A large number of historical works on this issue underscore its significance and relevance in the 1950-1980s. The author finds that the first in-depth study of various aspects of the activities of the OUN and the creation of a significant scientific heritage are the main achievements of the Ukrainian foreign historiography on this issue. At the same time, she notes that, from a methodological point of view, these researches were on the border between memoirs and historical studies since they were influenced by authors' affiliation with a particular group of the Ukrainian nationalist movement. It is pointed out that the specifics of a significant part of Ukrainian foreign publications was the material politicization, the deliberate concealment of unfavorable problems, and facts. However, Ukrainian foreign historians proved that in the 1930-1950s, the Ukrainian nationalist movement, which gained unprecedented development and popularity, was a significant political force in Western Ukraine. The memoirs of participants of the liberation movement, which became an important achievement of Ukrainian foreign historiography, are analyzed. The author concludes that both Ukrainian foreign and Soviet historiography were active representatives of the confrontation of competing political systems, and their research do not meet the criteria of science. Keywords: foreign historiography, Soviet historiography, modern Ukrainian historiography, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Ukrainian nationalist movement.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ORDER OF ST. BASIL THE GREAT IN THE PRESERVATION OF NATIONAL-CULTURAL RELATIONS OF UKRAINIANS IN CANADA IN THE XX CENTURY

The purpose of this scientific article is to highlight the issue of the role of representatives of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the national-cultural process, which takes place among the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada. It is the activity of the monastic Order of St. Basil the Great that is a vivid example of devotional service to the Ukrainian people, given its stay far beyond the ethnic territory. To achieve this goal, the required number of sources and historiographic literature was drawn that dealt with various aspects of the problem raised. The author applied the following general historical scientific research methods, as historical-genetic, historical-comparative and historical-typological. As part of this study, the spiritual and social activities of prominent Basilians of Canada were reviewed. The author explores the contribution of the Order of St. Basil the Great to the preservation of the national identity and spirituality of our people. Particular attention is devoted to the study of the role of the Order in the educational process of the Ukrainian diaspora of Canada. For the first time an attempt was made to summarize various aspects of the problem.

Havryil Kostelnyk and discussion about the status of thomism in theological culture of Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

The article of Ihor Zahrebelnyi «Havryil Kostelnyk and discussion about the status of thomism in theological culture of Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church» addresses attitude to Thomistic methods of theology within Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church of Inter-War Period. First of all, it razes the cliché that Greek Catholic philosopher and theologian Havryil Kostelnyk belonged to Neo-Thomism. And further it analyzes specific character of Anti-Thomistic position of Kostelnyk and reaction of other Greek Catholic intellectuals and bishops, first of all ‒ Josyf Slipyi ‒ to it. It proves that attempts of Slipyi to substantiate Thomism as element of Ukrainian intellectual culture were justified.

The Formation and Reorganzation Procesеs of Ternopil Eparchy Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

The processes of formation and reorganization of Ternopil eparchy are reviewed in thisarticle. The existence of church life on the territory of modern Ternopil region reaches the beginnings of Christianity in Kyiv Rus, however, the center of eparchy in Ternopil was founded for the first time just in the early 90’s of XX century.
 All administrative structures of Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UCCC) were liquidated in Soviet period of its history.
 In Soviet times clandestine ministry of priests played a key role in the preservation and development of the UGCC on the modern Ternopil eparchy territory. Therefore, after Church legalization, the restoration of existing administrative structures and creation of new ones took place, due to necessity of its normal functioning. Four new eparchies: Ternopil, Zboriv, Sambir-Drohobych and Kolomyia-Chernivtsi have been formed in the period of UGCC revival.
 The formation of administrative structures of Ternopil eparchy included two stages. The first one – formation of deaneries in district centers – took place before official proclamation of eparchy organization. The second one included appointment of the first bishop Mykhail Sabryha and curia, deaneries, eparchial seminary and other auxiliary structures formation. It took place after official edict of eparchy formation.
 Ternopil-Zboriv and Buchach eparchies were formed because of Ternopil eparchy reorganization. Then due to the persistent work of the clergy and people these two were united into Ternopil-Zboriv Metropolitanate.
 Keywords: Ternopil eparchy, administrative structures, metropolitan, Ukrainian Greek CatholicChurch