Ukrainian Government Research Articles

The use of GIS technologies for the analysis of geodetic provision of the territory of the Dnistrovsky district of the Chernivtsi region

The existing geodetic provision of most of the territory of our country requires an increase in the number of points of the state geodetic network. In today's conditions, the analysis of the geodetic provision of the territory is extremely important and relevant. The latter is even more strengthened due to the implemented decentralization reform, which changed the administrative-territorial structure of the country. That is why it is necessary to carry out analysis, calculations, determine the features of spatial placement and distribution of both individual points of the DGM and geodetic support in general. The purpose of the study is the analysis of geodetic support using QGIS GIS of the territory of the Dnistrovsky district of the Chernivtsi region in conditions of decentralization. Methodology: GIS analysis methods were used to solve the problems that were formed in the work. Thanks to the software product QGIS, thematic layers were vectorized and based on them, maps were created, which allow to evaluate the existing geodetic support in the section of the newly created administrative and territorial units of the study area. Cartographic, statistical-mathematical, descriptive methods made it possible to determine the number and area of areas of territories that are characterized by inconsistency of geodetic support with regard to the requirements for the placement of DGM points for creating maps of the appropriate scale. Today, the geoportal of the State Government of Ukraine, the official website of decentralization is temporarily closed. Therefore, the use of GIS technologies in combination with topographic maps allows a slightly different approach to the analysis and assessment of the geodetic provision of the territory. The existence of separate, separate databases both at the state and regional levels makes it even more impossible to conduct an objective assessment. In view of the above, there is a need to analyze the topographic and geodetic support of the territory of Ukraine using GIS technologies. Research result: The number of geodetic points is 70 units, which is 26,4 % of the total number of points in the region (1st class – 7 units; 2nd class – 13 units; 3rd class – 29 units; digit geodetic network – 21 units). Vectorization of the objects characterizing the areas of inconsistency in the average density of DGM points was carried out. The total area is 600,6 km2 (28,3 % of the total area of the district). Thanks to QGIS, map sheets with a scale of 1 : 200 000 of the geodetic support of the territory as of the 60-s of the 20-th century were linked. The number of DGM points is 73 units. Moreover, 57 points have the same spatial arrangement in comparison with modern points. The correspondence of the geodetic support was considered and it was established that the area of the territory with indicators of non-compliance is 603 km2, which corresponds to 28.4% of the total area of the district. An assessment of the geodetic support of the territory was carried out, taking into account modern and lost points of land surveying. The area of non-conformity areas decreases from 600–603 km2 to 419,8 km2, which, as a percentage of the total area of the Dnistrovsky district, is a decrease from almost a third of the territory to its fifth part – 19,8 %. Scientific novelty: separate thematic vectorized polygonal layers of the territories of the settlements of the districts and modern territorial communities of the Dnistrovsky district of the Chernivtsi region were created, which made it possible, thanks to GIS technologies, to quantitatively determine the area of the territories, with the inconsistency of the geodetic support regarding the requirements for the placement of DGM points when creating cartographic materials of the appropriate scale. In this way, the inconsistency of the geodetic support of the territory of the Dnistrovskyi district with regard to the requirements of regulatory documents was established. Vectorization of areas of discrepancy in the average density of DGM points made it possible to quantitatively approach the assessment of geodetic support in terms of territorial communities. Solving the specified problem is possible thanks to the design and creation of additional points of DGM. The use of geodetic points that existed in the past years and their location can improve the geodetic support of the research area. Keywords: geodetic support, GIS, decentralization.

THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION ON THE UKRAINE’S INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM FUNCTIONING

The rapid development of electric transportation in the world is due to significant economic and ecological advantages. The Ukrainian government also is planning to develop a national strategy and plans for the implementation of electric transportation. But the additional load poses challenges for Ukraine’s Integrated Power System. The analysis of the influence of electric transportation introduction on Integrated Power System operation would facilitate its effective government implementation. The aim of this paper was to estimate the effect of implementation volumes of electric transportation on the Integrated Power System operation, fossil fuel consumption, greenhouse gases, and pollutant emissions. A set of calculations was carried out for electric transportation volumes from 30 to 420 thousand electric vehicles by step 30 thousand based on a program and information complex simulating the operation of Ukraine's Integrated Power System, which has been developed in the Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for the past few years. The calculations show that the share of nuclear power plants in Ukraine’s Integrated Power System increases according to the growth of the electric vehicles fleet. Therefore, it is expected to decrease fuel consumption as well as greenhouse gases and pollutants emissions. Fuel intensity is reduced by approximately 5% for electric transportation volume of 150 thousand and approximately 8% for 300 thousand. Specific emissions decrease faster due to the ratio of coal and gas power plants. Fuel intensity considerably varies from 0.07 (Summer) to 0.15 (Winter) tce/kWh. In general, the additional load from the implementation of electric transportation positively affects the energy system of Ukraine, increasing the efficiency of its operation by reducing specific fuel consumption. It should be noted that such trends are observed exclusively for Ukraine due to the specific structure of Ukraine's Integrated Power System with the large share of nuclear energy. Keywords: electric transportation, Ukraine’s Integrated Power System, greenhouse gas emissions, pollutant emissions.

UKRAINE’S FOREIGN TRADE IN A YEAR OF WAR: A CLOSER LOOK AT THE RESULTS OF 2022

The article looks into the impact of Russian full-scale military aggression on Ukraine’s foreign trade in goods in 2022. Key trends, geographical and structural shifts in Ukrainian exports and imports are analyzed. The most resilient and the most vulnerable foreign trade flows are identified. The effects of global supply chain disruptions due to Russian blockade of Ukraine’s food exports in the Black Sea are assessed. The outcomes of establishing solidarity lanes and “grain corridor” are outlined. The results of suspension by the EU of all remaining tariffs on industrial products, tariff rate quotas for food and agricultural products, contingent trade-protective measures against Ukrainian goods are explored. Anti-crisis measures taken by Ukrainian government in the sphere of import liberalization are analyzed.

The Fight for the Past: Contested Heritage and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

ABSTRACT Many in the West do not understand why Putin decided to attack Ukraine. Russian propagandists have thrown up a smokescreen, placing the blame on the expansion of NATO into Eastern Europe, slandering the Ukrainian government as a ‘Nazi’ regime, suggesting that ethnic Russians needed protection, or even insinuating a conspiracy by the West to destroy the Russian state and Russian culture. This article shows that there are deep underlying reasons for the invasion which are linked to how Ukraine and its history are perceived by Russian nationalists and imperialists. This article examines some of the historical justifications put forward by Putin and his views on Ukraine, Russia, and their history. The article gives an overview of some key moments of Ukrainian and Russian history and discusses the long shadow of the events of the 20th century, from initial Ukrainian attempts at state building to Putin’s rejection of ideas of Ukrainian state- and nationhood. The article also analyses the impact the conflict has had on monuments and heritage sites, including the deliberate destruction of monuments and the capture and removal of artefacts and relics.

Public health concerns about Tuberculosis caused by Russia/Ukraine conflict.

According to WHO, Ukraine has the fourth-highest Tuberculosis(TB) incidence in the WHO European region while globally has the fifth-highest number of confirmed cases of extensively drug-resistant TB. Before the Russian invasion in Ukraine several interventions have been employed to mitigate the TB epidemic in the country. However, the ongoing war has demolished meticulous efforts and subsequently worsen the situation. WHO in collaboration with the Ukraine government and other organizations such as EU and UK are required to take up arms against the situation. In this work, implications brought up from the war, efforts, and recommendations to battling TBepidemic due to the war are highlighted.

Current state and development trends of the national brand of Ukraine

Formulation of the problem. Informatization of society is one of the decisive factors of modernization of the economy and the guarantee of Ukraine's integration into the world community. Countries that regularly worry about innovation in the application of marketing methods and tools for promoting their identity increase the likelihood of being the main ones in the process of forming the international division of labor and wealth, the opportunity to ensure sustainable economic growth and take a strong position on the international arena. European states actively use modern marketing technologies to improve their image in order to attract investors, potential foreign consumers of exported goods, and develop the sense of national identity of the local population. It is the use of modern marketing technologies that allows the image to take root in the mass consciousness both inside the country and outside its borders. Analysis of recent research and publications. Current issues of national branding are explored in their works by K. Asplund, I. Burakivskyi, T. Zavhorodnia, M. Kavartzis, F. Kotler, J. Layfeld, M. Mailanen, V. Miroshnychenko, A. Pankrukhin, D. Rayesto, A. Starostina, D. Traut, M. Khan, G. Hankinson, T. Tsygankova, L. Shulgina, and others. However, a number of issues require further in-depth study. In particular, in order to build the country's national brand, a more detailed study of world experience and its adaptation to the socio-economic conditions of Ukraine's development is necessary. The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical aspects of building the country's national brand based on the study of world experience and its adaptation to the socio-economic conditions of Ukraine's development. The purpose of the work is to analyze the current state and development trends of the national brand of Ukraine in modern geo-economic processes. The methodological basis of the article was such methods as systematic, monographic, analysis and synthesis, deduction and generalization. Work results. Studies confirm that countries with strong and well-known brands are able to export more of their own products and enrich the state treasury through taxes, attract investments and tourists, change stereotypes and be competitive in the world market. Each country invests significant financial resources in its national brand. The opportunities opened up by owning a successful brand encouraged Ukrainian companies to actively act in this direction. Evidence of such activation is the increase in the number of brands under which Ukrainian manufacturers and retailers offer their products, as well as the term of their existence on the market. If at the initial stages of the formation of branding in the country there was a significant number of so-called "pseudo-foreign" trademarks, now Ukrainian manufacturers create their own domestic brands, which become brands not only in Ukraine, but also abroad. Field of application of results. The results of the article can be used to create and manage national brands of countries. Conclusions. Promotion of the brand of Ukraine has positive dynamics. However, the government of Ukraine should pay more attention to security issues and the establishment of international relations.

Stalin’s Creation & Jackson’s Contribution

Interest in the Nuremberg trials is booming once again. Soviet Judgment at Nuremberg—by Francine Hirsch, Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison—is about the Soviet role in the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at Nuremberg. The book has acquired new relevance since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 in violation of international law. Strikingly, not only have the Ukrainian government, and some Western politicians and scholars of international law floated the idea of a new Nuremberg Tribunal, Russian Duma members have as well. Writing recently in Time magazine, Hirsch argued that indicting Vladimir Putin and leading Russian politicians for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression would require the creation of an ad hoc International Criminal Tribunal or Special Tribunal. Such an indictment, however, should not have a political character, Hirsch points out, but such a trial would offer the possibility of creating a “complete historical record.” A “Nuremberg 2.0” organized by the Russian government would be a “dark alternative” in Hirsch’s eyes. She writes in Time magazine: “This would inevitably be a Soviet-style show trial—a kangaroo court that would degrade international law and could taint the meaning of Nuremberg forever.”1 This viewpoint—that the Soviet Union was fixed on political show trials much as the Putin government may be today—is reflected in Hirsch’s book. However, Hirsch also suggests that international criminal trials always have a political character or partisan interest that must be considered ambivalently: in a positive light, because there is a didactic goal in coming to terms with the past through criminal proceedings; and in a negative light, because impartiality is questionable if the crimes of only one warring party are tried.

Administrative and legal principles of ensuring the right to professional preliminary education for persons with disabilities

The scientific article is devoted to the administrative and legal principles of ensuring the right to professional preliminary education for persons with disabilities: foreign experience and directions for improvement. The experience of the USA and European countries in ensuring the right to vocational higher education for persons with disabilities is revealed
 Attention is drawn to the fact that higher education in the USA and Great Britain traditionally belongs to the so-called liberal or market model, which is characterized by a high degree of decentralization of management and diversification of higher education systems. In Italy, the state has exclusive legislative powers regarding general matters in the field of education, the minimum standards to be guaranteed throughout the country, and the basic principles. Regions define school networks within their territories, adjust the school calendar, and have exclusive powers in the field of vocational education and training. Schools are autonomous in terms of didactic, organizational and research work. The Italian state is responsible for funding schools for both educational and administrative purposes.
 It was concluded that the high-quality formation and implementation of vocational pre-university education for persons with disabilities is possible through the borrowing of positive foreign experience: a) openness of the formation and implementation of state policy in the given field for persons with disabilities; b) active development, encouragement, stimulation of the implementation of innovative activities by institutions of higher education, including vocational higher education for persons with disabilities; a) a qualitatively new paradigm of the content of education - considering it not as a collection of the given volume of knowledge, abilities and skills selected according to a certain specialty, but the formation of a comprehensively developed personality according to a comprehensive approach. There is a shift in emphasis not so much on how much the acquirer knows, in particular, persons with disabilities, special knowledge in the chosen field of study, but on how such professional qualities as the ability to adapt, practicality and initiative, the ability to apply acquired special knowledge, in necessary cases creatively rethink it for persons with disabilities.
 Therefore, when implementing electronic governance in Ukraine, we need to take into account the experience of foreign countries in order to avoid typical mistakes and acquire the most successful practices for ourselves. The priority for the countries that we studied is the introduction of high-quality professional pre-higher education to vulnerable sections of the population.

Civilian Surveillance in the War in Ukraine: Mobilizing the Agency of the Observers of War

The war in Ukraine sees local and foreign civilians play active roles in the conflict, mainly through the participatory gathering and sharing of intelligence and open-source investigations of alleged human rights violations and war crimes. These surveillance practices seen in the war in Ukraine are not novel. Vigilantism campaigns have normalized since the War on Terror, while open-source information is increasingly recognized as a legitimate tool for human rights and international criminal justice investigation. Yet, their importance in the war in Ukraine highlights the agentic power of civilian surveillance. The proliferation of digital technologies empowers civilians to become inevitable actors in all spheres of politics, including war. However, across these practices, I argue that the Ukrainian government and its Western allies harness this agency as operational and narrative weapons. Patriotism and morality are pushed forward to mobilize individuals to participate in the war despite the risks that vigilantes and open-source investigators have to assume: risks of retaliation by Russian forces and lost independence.

Some ideas for a post-war recovery of Ukrainian cities

The author gives a short overwiev of ”Military Operations in Urban Terrain” (MOUT) as known from history, especially from World War II, especially in Kyiv and Budapest. Some reflections on history and actual state of civil defence follow. After an overwiev of actual Ukrainian local government reform and planning legislation, a description of desirable legilatvie and financial action for the post-war time are described. A sort of ”Marsahll Plan” including the relevant institutions, and measures in the field of urban development, especially renewal, organisation of authorities, safeguarding plans, reallocation of property rights and - perhaps - betterment levy will be needed. Strategic environmental assessment should be introduced in acordance with EU legislation.

The budget policy of Ukraine under martial law

Large-scale military actions on Ukraine’s territory have led to extraordinary challenges for budget policy. This study aims to evaluate the budget policy of Ukraine and substantiate its strategic priorities in martial law. The paper used economic and statistical methods to assess the ultimate budget indicators. It was determined that budget revenues decreased due to the economic recession, and expenditures, primarily for defense and security, increased. In 2022, compared to 2021 (the full-scale war against Ukraine began on February 24, 2022), tax revenues decreased by 7.6%. In contrast, the study observed an increase in budget expenditures by 65.0%, in the budget deficit by 4.5 times (financed mainly by external borrowings and military bonds bought by the National Bank of Ukraine), and in state and guaranteed state debt by 52.4%. In the context of military operations, the budget policy aims to ensure a balance between financing the most critical items of the budget and stimulating the economy’s recovery. At the same time, the institutional capacity of state authorities allows controlling how a country survives in this challenging period. In order to restore the economy, the Ukrainian government must implement a prudent budget policy, assess fiscal risks associated with changes in the macroeconomic environment, and increase the efficiency of budget expenditures.

Taxation of Income Obtained from Independent Professional Activities: Experience of Ukraine and Estonia

Problem setting. Ukraine and Estonia have a very rich common history. Especially regarding law. Let us note three, as we can see, significant aspects, firstly, the law of each of these states was influenced by Roman law, secondly, both states were part of a totalitarian state and the legal system corresponding to it for 70 years, thirdly, Estonia is a member state of the European Union, and Ukraine is a candidate for joining the European Union, which, in turn, affects the legal systems of both of these states. It is also important to consider that active bilateral relations have formed between our state and Estonia. For example, the Government of Ukraine and the Government of the Republic of Estonia signed the Convention on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion Regarding Taxes on Income and Property, the Agreement between the State Tax Administration of Ukraine and the Estonian National Tax Service on Mutual Administrative Assistance, the Agreement on Technical Cooperation between the DPA of Ukraine and Tax and Customs Board of Estonia. Therefore, conducting a comparative characterization of taxation of income received from independent professional activity is relevant. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issue of taxation of income received from independent professional activity in Ukraine is one of the controversial ones, as evidenced by numerous publications by scientists (E.V. Postoronko). What was emphasized in the previous works is also confirmed by established judicial practice, active discussion among scientists, etc. Target of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of taxation of income received from independent professional activity in Ukraine and Estonia, to carry out a comparative characterization of it. Article’s main body. The article analyzes and compares the legal regulation of taxation of income received from independent professional activity in Ukraine and Estonia. The issue of taxation of income received from independent professional activity in Ukraine is one of the controversial ones, as evidenced by numerous publications by scientists. It was established that currently the Tax Code of Ukraine enshrines such a category of taxpayers as a self-employed person. In Ukraine, the concept of “self-employed person” is used, which in its meaning covers two types of payers: an individual entrepreneur and an individual engaged in independent professional activity, whereas in Estonia we are talking about an entrepreneur an individual (depending on the translation, the concept is used: “ self-employed person”, “entrepreneur natural person”, “individual entrepreneur”), who can carry out economic or professional activity, but in any case professional activity refers to entrepreneurial activity. It is noted that natural persons engaged in independent professional activity in Ukraine pay personal income tax, military service and, along with this, a single social contribution for mandatory state insurance. In Estonia, in their turn, the same taxpayers pay: income tax, social tax, mandatory accumulated pension contribution, unemployment insurance payment. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The conducted comparative characteristics made it possible to focus on the common and the different. It is especially worth paying attention to the fact that the activity of natural persons who are not employees within the scope of their activity is considered entrepreneurial in Estonia, both economic and professional. This approach is considered simple, clear and avoids the imbalance of public and private interests, restrictions and discrimination of taxpayers. Therefore, we consider the experience of Estonia in terms of recognizing independent professional activity as entrepreneurial to be progressive and such that it can be applied in Ukraine

ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ «STORYTELLING» ЯК ЗАСІБ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ОСВІТИ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ

The article raises the actual problem of the formation of students’ communicative competence, which is one of the priority directions of the development of contemporary national education and corresponds to the current concept of the development of the New Ukrainian School. Current social requirements for the formation of the personal qualities of an individual as a full-fledged member of society, which is developing in the context of the European paradigm of values, the active integration of Ukraine into the European educational space, the language policy of Ukrainian government, as well as the rapid change of the cultural landscape caused by the development of technologies, require the renewal of didactic approaches, given their ability to adequately respond to the demands of contemporary civilization. Western and Ukrainian researchers recognize the pedagogical storytelling as an effective educational technology, the effectiveness of which has been proven during century’s quarter not only by teaching practice, but also by such areas as management, mass media, politics, etc. Undoubtedly, storytelling as a pedagogical technology is now gaining special relevance also in the context of the problem of “clip thinking”, since its digital format satisfies the requirement of diversifying forms of communication, demonstrating the wide possibilities of combining various communicative elements in the structure of the narrative: verbal, sound, visual, interactive. The application of digital storytelling also ensures the realization of the requirement of creating contemporary educational environment through the diversification of options for the organization of the educational space, the wide use of multimedia and IT technologies, etc. The author examines the ways of storytelling technology’s effective use during the study of Literature using specific examples.

Urban democracy in post-Maidan Ukraine: conflict and cooperation between citizens and local governments in participatory budgeting

ABSTRACT Seeking to explain Ukraine's societal resilience in the context of the Russian invasion, scholars point to the unprecedented levels of civic engagement on the one hand and improvements in local self-governance on the other. However, little is known about how citizens have interacted with local authorities in recent years. This article studies modes of interaction between citizens and public servants in the co-production of participatory budgeting projects in Dnipro, Kyiv, and Lviv. I adopt a relational approach to democracy, focusing on the participants’ assessments of their cooperation with municipal authorities. The article draws on 51 semi-structured interviews and is informed by a digital ethnography. The results reveal that the participants’ oversight is crucial because public servants regularly attempt to block those proposals which do not have precedents. The degree of the participants’ influence varied in the three cases, yet in each case the participants’ greater understanding of local self-governance processes was essential for facilitating adequate responses by local authorities. These findings not only result in a better understanding of the development of urban democracy in Ukraine prior to 2022, but also highlight the significant role participatory processes can play in the prospective democratic governance in Ukraine.

Russia, Ukraine, and Lasting Peace in Europe

Among the many competing narratives that drive the war in Ukraine, the healing of the Ukrainian people themselves is often overlooked. That is because current Western policy overlooks the Other Ukraine, whose disagreement with the policies of the Ukrainian government since 2014 led up to this conflict. The Western response to Russia’s invasion has been tailored to punishing Russia, but not necessarily to healing the domestic tension within Ukraine. This article suggests that only a reconciliation within Ukrainecan bring lasting social harmony to Ukraine and peace to Europe as a whole.

The functioning of Ukrainian public administration under a state of war

Introduction: The article deals with Ukrainian public administration activity in the face of the full-scale Russian military invasion. The article emphasizes the role of the impact of digital public sector development and the aid solutions introduced after the start of the invasion. Discussed are the conditions for the functioning of the social security system in a state of war.Objective: To present information about the actions taken by the Ukrainian government to maintain the effectiveness of public administration. A number of digital reforms have been identified.Materials and methods: Review of websites and legislation regulating the functioning of Ukraine during the war.Results: The conclusions indicate that despite the positive impact of digitization on the possibility for the efficient functioning of public services, it is fundamental to maintain the balance between national security and the availability of services for citizens. An additional challenge is the very short time to implement aid solutions.

Значення мультидисциплінарного, міжвідомчого і міжсекторального підходів як умов впровадження системи паліативної та хоспісної допомоги в Україні

Purpose - to carry out medical and social analysis of conditions and organizational aspects of the Palliative and Hospice Care (PHC) System implementation and development in Ukraine. Materials and methods. There were analyzed: domestic and foreign scientific literary sources; data of official statistics of the State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine; normative-legal documents of Ukraine and authoritative international professional organizations. Аnd the following research methods were applied: bibliosemantic, system approach and system analysis, comparative content analysis and generally accepted medical-statistical methods. Results. The peculiarities of the medical and demographic situation in Ukraine in recent decades are the rapid population aging, high morbidity and mortality from cancer and severe complications of chronic noncommunicable diseases, significant spread of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis B and C etc. This requires the creation and improvement of an adequate regulatory framework (RF), which regulates the development of an accessible multidisciplinary, interagency and intersectoral PHC System, which requires the development of outpatient PHC services and inpatient PHC facilities, coordination of institutions and agencies subordinate to various ministries and agencies, first of all, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine; introduction of a system of motivation and training of PHC providers and involvement primary health care facilities medical staff in the palliative care provision at home. Thus, affordable and high-quality PHC should be integrated into the Health Care and Social Protection System, as PHC in the early stages of a life-threatening or incurable disease can significantly reduce suffering and improve the quality of life for both palliative patients (PPs) and their families. Conclusions. The urgency of the problem of creating and developing a System of affordable, high quality and effective PHC in Ukraine is due to the unfavorable medical and demographic situation - population aging, increasing morbidity and mortality from cancer and chronic diseases, often accompanied by chronic pain syndrom and other severe symptoms that significantly reduce the quality of life of PPs. The implementation of the PHC System for the population requires political support from the Government of Ukraine, Regional and Local Authorities, appropriate financial support and the whole society participation. Implementation and development of the PHC System in Ukraine with adequate funding from the State Budget (National Health Service of Ukraine), as well as through state, regional and local targeted PHC Programs will provide quality and effective multidisciplinary and interagency palliative care on equal terms, regardless of the nosology of the disease, PPs place of residence/stay and social status. The results of the study allowed to adapt international experience and identify different forms of PНC, which, depending on the severity of the disease and at the request of PPs and their families, can be provided in specialized inpatient PНC facilities, PНC departments of secondary and tertiary health care facilities or outpatient settings, including at home, as well as in PHC facilities of any form of ownership and departmental affiliation, subject to compliance with the standards and requirements of the RF. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Solidarity test: challenges of forced LGBTIQ migration and activism in Central-Eastern European countries in the context of Russia’s war on Ukraine

ABSTRACT When Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine began on 24 February 2022, many LGBTIQ Ukrainians, like hundreds of thousands of their compatriots, were forced to leave their homes and move to safer areas. Those who could and chose to leave the country, fearing for their safety, entered the bordering EU member states, such as Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia, known for their unfriendly attitudes towards homosexuality. As neither the Ukrainian government nor the authorities in these states were willing to pay attention to LGBTIQ refugees and their needs, the task of accommodating those fell on the shoulders of NGOs and volunteers in host countries. This article focuses on the efforts by LGBTIQ human rights organizations and activists in Central-Eastern Europe (CEE) into mobilizing resources to help LGBTIQ Ukrainians fleeing to Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia or staying in Ukraine. It explores how these LGBTIQ organizations responded to the forced migration of LGBTIQ Ukrainians. It argues that during this critical time, they have been indispensable for supporting displaced LGBTIQ Ukrainians. At the same time, stressing the importance of cross-border cooperation, this article addresses some challenges that LGBTIQ organizations in Central-Eastern Europe face in trying to survive in a homophobic political climate.

STRATEGIC GUIDELINES FOR THE POST-WAR RECOVERY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT

Post-war recovery must consider the concept of inclusive development, which is aimed at strengthening public security and social cohesion, supporting the reconstruction of the economy of the affected and de-occupied territories, and implementing the reforms of decentralization of power and health care in communities under the control of the government of Ukraine. That is why the substantiation of the strategic orientations of the post-war recovery of the national economy should be based on the conditions of inclusive development. The article aims to justify the strategic directions of the post-war recovery of the national economy in the states of inclusive development. The analysis showed that the structural model of Ukraine's economy from the point of view of technological development remains low-tech. This is evidenced by the share of productions belonging to 4 and 5 and technological systems, which is only 3.9 and 1.1 percent, respectively. The analysis results showed negative trends in the dynamics regarding the reduction of the already low share of production in GDP, particularly in high-tech industries. It was determined that despite the growth of digital technologies in GDP, unfortunately, they are implemented primarily in public administration, trade, and service. It has been proven that the technological structure of Ukraine's economy, according to the criteria of the organization of economic cooperation regarding the conformity of the sectoral and technical construction, is unstable, and its manifestation in the future may lead to critical consequences for the well-being of the population. It is substantiated that the design of an economic model of sustainable development in conditions of uncertainty and global turbulence requires the division of factors of economic transformation into two groups ("hard factors" and "soft factors"). Characteristic of "hard factors" is that recovery and reconstruction are possible after conducting a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the state of the economic, infrastructural, and resource potential of the national economy, as well as regional economies after victory, the complete cessation of hostilities and the guarantee of military security. Accordingly, "soft factors" characterize a set of favorable climates for the implementation of planned changes, as well as the function of stimulating or inhibiting these or other processes. Keywords: strategic guidelines, national economy, post-war recovery, inclusive development.

Justification of scientific approaches to the management of the territories of national natural parks in modern conditions

Creating nature reserves and objects is an effective way of preserving rare and endangered species of plants and animals and natural complexes that can serve as benchmarks of natural ecosystems for science and practice. Objects of the natural reserve fund, such as national natural parks and nature reserves, are essential elements of the ecological framework of the country, and the issue of effective management of such territories is relevant, especially given the ratification of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union. The article aims to substantiate the optimal strategies and recommendations for the effective management of national natural parks in Ukraine to ensure their nature protection, research, and educational mission, as well as to promote the development of tourism and improve the population's quality of life. During the analysis of the management of the territories of national natural parks, it was established that it does not meet the requirements of modernity due to an inefficient system of state management, violations of environmental protection legislation, insufficient financing of measures to preserve the nature reserve fund, biological and landscape diversity, weak implementation of recreational potential. It was determined that the main problems are the need for actual management plans, land management projects regarding the organization, and establishing boundaries of the territories of the nature reserve fund for national natural parks that are practically underdeveloped. In connection with this, a large part of the parks needs to have established boundaries. In the structure of the area of the national natural parks of Ukraine, economic zones prevail (on average 60-90% of the park area), while the average value of the area of the protected zone, as a rule, does not exceed 20%. It was established that practical management activities depend significantly on the awareness of the importance of national natural parks for the country's nature protection system. Therefore, the reform of the management of nature protection territories implemented by the government of Ukraine to preserve landscape and biological diversity is timely. Based on this, during the research, it was established that the main aspects of effective management of the territories of national natural parks in modern conditions should be legal establishment of park status, development, and implementation of a management plan, drawing up a nature protection strategy with the identification of critical areas, recreation, and education, scientific research, provision financing, cooperation and communication, monitoring, and evaluation. The main goal of ensuring effective management of national natural parks is to preserve nature and ensure access for people with minimal impact on nature. Such management should be implemented through developing and implementing strategies and development plans that consider the preservation of natural resources and the needs of society in recreation, public opinion, protection from natural and anthropogenic threats, and international standards. Keywords: nature reserve fund; land protection, national natural parks, sustainable development, natural resources, management activities.