Energy Sector Of Ukraine Research Articles

STRATEGIES OF VERTICAL INTEGRATION IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMY: LEADERS’ EXPERIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES

The study provides an insightful analysis of the role of vertical integration in the Ukrainian energy sector, emphasizing its strategic importance for the national economy and energy security. The research highlights several critical challenges facing the industry, including over-dependence on fossil fuels, declining domestic energy resource extraction, underdeveloped technologies, and limited renewable energy use. The ongoing war, infrastructure damage, decreasing investments, and increasing dependency on energy imports exacerbate these issues, further complicating efforts to stabilize the sector. The study supports the hypothesis that vertical integration is an effective strategy for ensuring long-term competitiveness and resilience in Ukraine’s energy companies. It argues that vertical integration, through efficient use of strategic resources, helps companies better withstand external challenges and adapt to fluctuations in the energy market. Including case studies on significant energy players like DTEK and Naftogaz is a practical illustration, demonstrating how vertical integration can provide a competitive edge and enhance adaptability. The methodological approach, combining structural analysis, VRIO analysis, case studies, and systemic analysis, effectively evaluates the strategic potential of vertical integration in the Ukrainian context. This multi-faceted approach offers a comprehensive understanding of how vertical integration can contribute to the stability and adaptability of the energy sector. However, while the study confirms the relevance of vertical integration, it also acknowledges the need for further development to exploit the sector’s innovative potential fully. As Ukraine moves toward Industry 4.0 and 5.0, which promote reduced reliance on hydrocarbons, vertical integration models must be refined to facilitate innovation and adaptability. In conclusion, the study underlines that enhancing vertical integration models could be essential for overcoming the sector’s contemporary challenges. It also suggests that future research should continue exploring strategies that prioritize innovation, renewable energy adoption, and reducing import dependence, ultimately contributing to the long-term stability of Ukraine’s fuel and energy sector (FES).

The problems of customs clearance of goods intended to overcome the critical situation in the energy industry of Ukraine with exemption from the customs payments

The article analyzes the problems of customs clearance of goods intended to overcome the critical situation in the energy sector of Ukraine with exemption from customs payments. The concept of benefit, tax benefit and the role of preferential taxation of goods that are released into free circulation on the territory of Ukraine with exemption from customs payments are studied. The quality of the rule-making activity of state authorities in the system of customs and legal relations in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law is critically assessed. The reasons that lead to the emergence of inaccuracies, legal gaps and conflicts in the norms of customs legislation are given. Three points were analyzed that determined the main problems of customs clearance of goods intended to overcome the critical situation in the energy industry of Ukraine with exemption from customs payments. In the course of the analysis of the indicated points, it was emphasized the need for a targeted approach when forming a preferential tax regime for a specific group of goods and the inadmissibility of introducing benefits by regulatory and legal acts intended for other purposes. On the basis of the conducted study of the regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, it was established the need to take into account non-tariff regulatory measures for goods for which benefits are provided in the form of exemption from customs payments when developing relevant regulatory legal acts, since in the course of customs clearance of the specified goods, non-tariff measures do not fully allow exercise the right to preferential taxation. In the course of the study, it was proposed to involve employees of specialized divisions of customs authorities responsible for the control of the classification of goods in the development of normative legal acts, which introduce a preferential taxation regime for goods linked to the product code in accordance with the Ukrainian classification of goods. As an alternative, it is suggested that when forming the lists of goods to which the tax benefit should apply, not to use the product code according to the Ukrainian classification of goods, but instead to use only the commercial name of the product contained in the manufacturer’s technical information (instructions, technical passports, data from the manufacturer’s official website, manufacturer’s marking directly on the product).

Energy independence of Ukraine: the role of green energy and European legislation

Introduction. The paper emphasizes the importance of avoiding Ukraine's energy dependence on Russian energy carriers, as this can be one of the priority factors for enhancing national security and sustainable development of our country. The research addresses the issue of introducing alternative energy sources, which, even in the face of constant rocket attacks, allow the state to function. The purpose of the paper is primarily to assess the current energy situation in Ukraine, which is particularly negatively affected by the Russian Federation's constant missile attacks. In addition, the goal is to identify prospects and ways to develop an energy independent state. To do this, the following tasks need to be accomplished: to analyze the current state of Ukraine's energy sector, to identify ways to overcome energy dependence, and to analyze legislative trends in the field of energy regulation in European countries. Results. It is estimated that the period since February 24, 2022 has been the most challenging for Ukraine's energy system, as the number of attacks by the Russian Federation on our energy supplies has been steadily increasing, forcing us to respond to the challenges. The energy sector holds one of the key positions in the development of the country, as it generates tax revenues and stimulates modern technologies. We believe that the state should stimulate the development of small-scale generation, continue to implement the energy system decentralization program and actively promote the widespread use of alternative energy sources. Conclusion. As the Ukrainian energy system currently operates with a minimum safety margin for both power grids and generation, it is worth focusing on alternative green energy. The priority is to reduce dependence on centralized systems and increase the resilience of energy networks to new challenges. Investment is not enough, and Ukraine needs to develop its own path to building an independent state, particularly in the energy sector.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE

Abstract. The article explores the implementation of innovative Industry 4.0 technologies in the energy sector of Ukraine. It investigates key issues in the energy sector, including the reduction of electricity production capacities due to destruction, capture, and damage to property, low levels of innovation activity in energy enterprises, high energy intensity of production, moral and physical aging of equipment, and a low influx of foreign direct investments into Ukraine's energy sphere. The majority of the analyzed period indicates a relatively low level of interest from foreign investors in the examined sector of the domestic economy. The study identifies the Industry 4.0 toolkit applicable for the restoration of damaged and modernization of outdated infrastructure, enhancing the efficiency of Ukraine's energy sector. It is noted that among the tools, special attention should be paid to monitoring and forecasting systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, integrated digital platforms, smart financial technologies, smart meters, remote monitoring systems, and artificial intelligence. The author emphasizes the peculiarities of applying this toolkit to solve the diagnosed problems in the energy sector of Ukraine. It is noted that the use of Industry 4.0 tools, namely the Internet of Things and big data analytics, can significantly improve the monitoring and management of energy processes. The problem of low innovation activity of Ukrainian energy companies can be solved by creating integrated digital platforms and developing partnerships between companies to share innovations. The use of smart financial technologies can make Ukraine's energy sector more attractive to investors. The high level of electricity losses during generation and distribution can be addressed by introducing smart meters and remote monitoring systems.

CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSPORT POWER PLANTS DECARBONISATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

The directions of restoration and further development of the energy sector in Ukraine are considered in accordance with power plants with internal combustion engines, taking into account the widespread implementation of the Sustainable Development concept, which allows solving existing modern social, economic and environmental problems. For Ukraine, taking into account the economic opportunities and selected priorities for the chosen path of development, it is necessary at this time to choose gradual and specific directions to implement the Sustainable Development concept. The most priority areas of practical implementation of the concept are determined and it is indicated that the effectiveness of this implementation is associated with the development of the industry on the basis of the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions (Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0). One of the main tasks in solving the problems of the concept is to ensure the environmental component. Notwithstanding the noted progress in improving the environmental efficiency of internal combustion engines, further attention needs to be paid to the task of spreading the introduction of “green energy”, i.e. decarbonisation – reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the environment (CO2). The issue of decarbonisation in the future should be given the greatest attention both in the development and in the manufacture and operation of engines. It is shown that the assessment of the impact of CO2 emitted with the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines into the environment is carried out taking into account the model of operation of engines and the justification of the introduced adjustments. A new criterion is proposed, which is called: “ICE criterion of environmental thermal pollution”, which is proposed for use in studies to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of decarbonisation strategies in all modes of transport at implementation of the Sustainable Development concept in global transport power plants. A method for determining the efficiency of physical and chemical processes of mixture formation and combustion in internal combustion engine cylinders is proposed when using hybrid fuel with “green hydrogen” as its component, which allows determining the dependence of hydrogen influence on the level of engines effective performance and formation of harmful emissions in exhaust gases.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СВІТОВОГО ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО РИНКУ: ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article examines the development of the world energy sector. It identifies new trends that are determined by the growth of integration processes, intensification of inter-fuel competition in the energy market, progress in the application of advanced technologies, production of new energy resources, the emergence of routes formed to establish a more successful mechanism for their transportation, and increased energy awareness. The article also notes that current trends are aimed at making electricity not only economically affordable but also environmentally friendly. A significant increase in electricity production in 2023 was observed, which led to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions both in the global electricity sector and in individual countries. Based on an analysis of the dynamics of global energy supply, the author identifies an increase in renewable energy sources (wind, solar, etc.) compared to previous years. It is shown that many countries, seeking to ensure energy security, make nuclear energy an important part of their energy strategies. Notwithstanding the fact that some countries are gradually abandoning nuclear power or decommissioning plants ahead of schedule, it is predicted that nuclear generation will grow by an average of almost 3% per year until 2026. The global energy market is influenced by a multitude of factors, both primary and secondary, which collectively aim to guarantee the stability and reliability of the energy supply system. These factors also serve to determine the extent to which a country can be considered to have achieved an adequate level of energy security. The energy sector in Ukraine, which is particularly vulnerable due to the introduction of martial law in the country since February 2022, is therefore susceptible to fluctuations in the global energy market.

Guarantees of electricity origin as a financial mechanism to increase investment attractiveness in the energy sector

In modern environment, ensuring the development of the renewable energy sector is significant for achieving the country’s sustainable development goals. The introduction of a mechanism for guaranteeing the origin of electricity is one of the most effective ways to develop renewable energy, and therefore its study is relevant. The purpose of this study was to analyse the approaches to the functioning of the market of guarantees of electricity origin in the EU countries and compare them with the situation in Ukraine. The principal methods of the study were forecasting (prospects for the implementation of energy origin guarantees in Ukraine) and comparison (approaches to the formation of the mechanism of energy origin guarantees in Ukraine and the EU). The study noted the overall role of renewable energy for the development of any country and Ukraine specifically. All the main positive components that arise in countries in the development of this area were described in detail. The instrument of guarantees of energy origin stays effective for achieving the goals of renewable energy development in Ukraine. Considering the specific features of the rules for selling renewable energy guarantees, the study concluded that they are useful both for stimulating the development of the sector and for disseminating information about the need to improve the state of the renewable energy sector in Ukraine and globally. The study assessed what steps has Ukraine taken to adopt and implement this mechanism. Information on EU countries was also examined. The gradual increase in demand for such instruments every year since 2019 indicates not only the popularity of this practice, but also its need among all market players. It was shown that, after the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the foreign trade balance turned negative, i.e., the volume of electricity purchases exceeded the volume of sales. The findings of this study can be used to formulate a long-term strategy for the development of a mechanism for guaranteeing the origin of electricity in Ukraine by public authorities

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS A TOOL FOR FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF THE ENERGY SECTOR IN UKRAINE: ANALYSIS, MECHANISM, FINANCIAL REPORTING

Based on the analysis of the dynamics of implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) projects in Ukraine, key problems have been identified and its priorities in financial support for the recovery of the native energy sector have been determined. It is appointed that PPP concession agreements are the main mechanisms for attracting investment in the global electric power industry. The expediency of using the concession model on BOT terms for the implementation of large projects in the energy sector is substantiated, which will contribute to the intensification of investment attraction and will allow to distribute risks between the state and business. Recommendations on the formation of an information platform for participants in the implementation of PPP projects on the basis of disclosure of information on the effectiveness of concession operations in accounting and financial statements have been developed. The tools for the formation of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership, where the priority is budget and venture financing, are substantiated. To make decisions on the implementation of PPP investment projects, an approach to assessing the financial support of project initiatives is recommended, the basis of which is the proposed criteria for compliance with financial security, the choice of funding sources, indicators of scenario analysis and efficiency. The proposed methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness of PPP allows us to assess the synergistic effect, which reflects the totality of economic, social and environmental effects. The formulated recommendations for improving the relationship between the state and business will contribute to the intensification of the attraction of private investment resources on the basis of PPPs for the restoration of the energy sector in Ukraine.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РІВНЯ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article deals with theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the level of energy security, which is one of the most important components of the national security of the state. The evolution of theoretical foundations of energy security research is considered, and the definition of energy security is generalized. Based on the analysis of the main provisions of the Energy Security Strategy, it is determined that the Strategy needs to be revised and improved in connection with the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. In order to determine the level of energy security of Ukraine, the article considers a universal methodology of identification and strategizing, which compares the state of different spheres and substantiates strategic scenarios of security development. The system of indicators for determining the level of energy security of Ukraine, which includes a reduced set of 48 indicators, divided into 7 groups, is studied. Such as threats, challenges, risks, resilience of the energy sector, energy supply, and subjects of energy security. Integral assessment methods are used to evaluate the level of energy security compared to threshold values of indicators. Based on these indicators, it was found that the energy sector of Ukraine has been in a state of danger since 2006. Short-term, long-term and strategic measures to improve the level of energy security of Ukraine are presented. The article states that energy security is one of the main components of national security. Today, Ukraine is in the article of energy danger, therefore, to improve the situation, integration with Europe, development of renewable energy, political reforms and electrification of transport are needed.

MACROECONOMIC STRATEGY FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE GAS DISTRIBUTION MARKET ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MARSHALL PLAN

Ukraine suffered giant human, material, and resource losses from the war. This led to a change in the Strategy and Tactics for the future allocation of resources and strategies for the macroeconomic recovery of the energy sector. A sharp decline in Ukraine's energy intensity in all sectors of the economy resulted in a general decline in the country's gross domestic product. As a result of the military intervention, Ukraine's energy sector is characterized by high import dependence, low energy efficiency, and financial illiquidity. In addition, the subsequent market transformation has led to chaotic pricing of gas resources and utilities and low household income. The article discusses the main aspects of the famous Marshall Plan for the post-war reconstruction of the Ukrainian economic and energy systems. The study pays special attention to the macroeconomic Strategy for the energy sector's recovery. The article considers the existing developments of researchers and practitioners in analyzing the impact of the Marshall Plan on the recovery of European countries after World War II. When implementing this plan in the context of current national realities, the author outlines certain aspects that could be taken into account in the necessary implementation of a standard European policy of Ukraine's reconstruction, intensification of the business legal and competitive environment, and implementation of integrity issues about the focus and priority of individual industries and areas. It is particularly urgent to address the combination of renewable features in the context of European environmental, climate, and economic policies. Considering Ukraine's energy balance in wartime, the existing Energy Strategy should summarize the growth that will be implemented slowly. Gas resources will continue to play an essential role in domestic energy consumption. Therefore, in analyzing existing approaches, trends, and our beliefs, we modeled a possible macroeconomic Strategy for restoring Ukraine's gas distribution sector in the postwar period based on approaches specific to the Marshall Plan. The macroeconomic Strategy for restoring gas distribution companies in postwar Ukraine is a complex concept and consists of several government measures. This Strategy should consider the Marshall Plan, which has already positively affected some countries after World War II. The basis of this recovery plan is access to fuel and energy resources in a technically reliable, safe, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable manner in the interests of consumers and society. Ukraine suffered giant human, material, and resource losses from the war. This has led to a change in the Strategy and Tactics for the future allocation of resources and macroeconomic recovery strategies for the energy sector. A sharp decline in Ukraine's energy intensity in all sectors of the economy resulted in a general decline in the country's gross domestic product. As a result of the military intervention, Ukraine's energy sector is characterized by high import dependence, low energy efficiency, and financial illiquidity. In addition, the resulting market transformation has led to chaotic pricing for gas resources and utilities.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF DRYING KINETICS OF COLLOID CAPILLARY-POROUS MATERIALS AS DRYING OBJECTS

Considering the current situation in the energy sector of Ukraine, the urgent need to improve and develop energy-efficient thermal technologies for dehydration of plant raw materials is urgent and timely, which would ensure minimal energy consumption and high quality of the final product. The processing of vegetable raw materials into dried products is important for the sustainable development of the food industry. Cultivated Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms, which are valued for their high content of protein, carbohydrates, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and other nutrients, etc., are increasingly relevant in the mushroom industry on the world food market. It is important, in order to optimize energy consumption during dehydration and to select rational equipment, in addition to experimental studies, to perform theoretical calculation analysis of heat and mass transfer based on mathematical models. The article provides a theoretical and experimental analysis of the drying kinetics of colloidal capillary-porous materials. To determine the characteristics of the convective drying process, in addition to experimental studies, numerical modeling of this process was performed, which is performed on the basis of the numerical solution of the system of heat and mass transfer equations in colloidal capillary-porous materials. The calculation model can be used for the approximate determination of the main characteristics of the drying process of colloidal capillary-porous materials.

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR ATTRACTING AND REALIZING INVESTMENTS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The article analyzes the issues of adequateness of the institutional support for attracting and realizing investments in the energy sector of Ukraine to the current realities in which the country finds itself. The article emphasizes that public-private partnership is the basis for further attraction and realization of investments in the energy sector. The article highlights several issues such as attracting investment in the energy sector of Ukraine, and public-private partnership in the energy sector and identifies the ways to overcome them.The necessity of improving the legal framework in the field of public-private partnership; development of institutional infrastructure supporting public-private partnership; providing guarantees for protecting the interests of all parties in the public-private partnership throughout the entire life cycle of the project is substantiated.It is concluded that attracting and injecting investments in the energy sector is possible only in close cooperation with large private businesses by implementing elements and mechanisms of public-private partnership in the sector. It’s the only way that the energy sector of Ukraine will be able to adapt to modern challenges to ensure its long-term sustainable development.

FORMATION AND EMISSION OF DIOXINS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The development of national plans to reduce the emissions of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is one of the key requirements of the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Preliminary expert assessments show that the energy sector of Ukraine is the second largest producer of POPs after metallurgy. The largest sources of POPs emissions with relatively small volumes of combustion are plants that burn municipal solid waste and biomass. Optimizing the composition of the input fuel/raw material should provide a significant potential for reducing POPs emissions in such installations. Extraction of components that can become precursors or catalysts for the synthesis of dioxins during municipal solid waste incineration can be carried out through large-scale application of separate collection and preliminary mechanical and biological processing of waste. For biomass with high chlorine content and ash content (straw), it is advisable to use combined combustion with fossil fuels or waste containing dioxin synthesis inhibitors. When using biomass as an auxiliary fuel in industrial boilers and furnaces, it is advisable to equip gas cleaning systems with devices for sorption and catalytic removal of dioxins. Bibl. 28, Tab. 3.

AI SYSTEMS FOR OPTIMIZING ENERGY PROCESSES: INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISE

The paper presents the results of a study dedicated to modern digitization processes in the energy sector, in particular implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems for optimizing energy processes. The study deals with the key aspects of the AI system’s implementation in energy processes. A special focus was given to the terminology in the context of the system approach to the AI-related categories. The article provides results of the corresponding research with the following objectives: to argue the concept of the AI-systems in the energy sector; consider the main stages of the AI-system implementation for optimizing processes within the enterprise's energy complex, analyze the know-how regarding AI-system usage in the energy sector of Ukraine: determine AI challenges and perspectives; recommend the controlling system to mitigate AI-risks. We concluded that the energy companies are able to optimize energy processes by implementation of the AI systems. The study revealed the main features of AI systems, their implementation within energy companies for optimizing business processes, features of the controlling system to manage AI-related risks, and ways to develop AI systems within companies and energy processes. As far as implementation of the AI systems is usually followed by socio-economic consequences we paid attention to the following AI-related aspects as well: 1) the impact of AI systems on technological unemployment; 2) consideration of organizational changes depending on the level of the AI systems use within energy companies; 3) recommendations for support of AI systems in energy processes in the post-war period in the Ukrainian economy. Thus, the research underscores the pivotal role of AI systems in fostering a more resilient and environmentally conscious approach to energy management, thereby contributing to the long-term sustainable development goals of enterprises.

Драйвери сталого розвитку країн в умовах глобалізації

The article substantiates the drivers of sustainable development of countries in the context of globalization, namely: the development of alternative energy, low-carbon economy, circular economy. It is argued that with the establishment of the model of sustainable development in the world practice, the issue of a significant reduction in the segment of energy-intensive types of global production and a decrease in the scale of consumption of energy resources is of particular importance. It is substantiated that in order to disseminate an energy-efficient model of economic development on a global scale, it is necessary to form an active State policies of the countries of the world by creating economic, administrative, social and infrastructural conditions, eliminating State subsidies to environmentally harmful industries, using market incentives, increasing public procurement in energy-saving industries, along with stimulation of their investment financing. The prospects for the development of the world energy sector until 2030 are outlined. The synchronization of Ukraine with ENTSO-E, the European network of electricity transmission system operators, is examined. It is found that synchronization with ENTSO-E is a step towards expanding the opportunities and prospects for attracting investment in the energy sector of Ukraine. Recommendations on finding effective ways of transition of countries’ economies to the use of alternative energy sources, low-carbon development and application of the principles of circular economy (the conception of combining linear production lines into a closed cycle) are provided. It is substantiated that the transition to sustainable low-carbon development can be successful due to the implementation of the global energy conversion of the economy.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE

In the article current legal issues of ensuring environmental safety in the Ukrainian energy sector of the economy in the context of ensuring sustainable ecologically balanced development and creating a safe energy future is examined. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive scientific study of the development and implementation of legal mechanisms for balancing energy and environmental policy. It is emphasized that the interaction of these two political spheres can have both positive and negative consequences, and their interrelationship can determine the sustainability and efficiency of energy systems, as well as provide a balanced approach to environmental protection. Based on the analysis of legal norms, there are emphasized the partial correlation and synchronization of energy and environmental policy, taking into account the requirements for ensuring the ecological safety of the environment and people in the functioning of the electric energy market and relations related to the production, transmission and supply of such energy. Ensuring environmental safety during the construction, commissioning and direct operation of energy facilities should be aimed at effective protection against pollution and deterioration of land and water resources, subsoil, biodiversity, implementation of legal measures in the field of waste management, which, in turn, conditions the implementation of effective legal mechanisms for such balancing. That is why the article reveals the legal basis of such measures as: land use planning and zoning of land in the energy sector, establishment of waste management rules, protection of water resources, which involves the establishment of rules and requirements for the protection of water resources from pollution as a result of energy activities, measures of preserving biodiversity, carrying out an environmental impact assessment. Special attention is paid to the intensification of the transition to the use of renewable energy sources and the abandonment of the use of traditional types of fossil fuels, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies, the introduction of state incentives and improvement of the investment climate in the energy sector.

Аналіз сучасних інструментів інвестування у відновлювальну енергетику України

This article examines the investment tools within the renewable energy sector in Ukraine. As the world struggles with climate change, the transition to sustainable energy sources has become a global goal. Ukraine, in its pursuit of a greener and more environmentally responsible future, has seen the growth of its renewable energy sector. However, this growth has met challenges, demand-ing the development of strategic solutions. Companies operating in the renewable energy market are now increasingly aware of their social mission in contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals. The transformation of the energy landscape reveals the necessity of collabora-tion between various stakeholders, including governments, local authorities, banks, investment funds, and households, whose role is critical in financing renewable energy projects. As financial markets evolve and concepts of ownership adapt to the changing landscape, a need to create inno-vative investment instruments tailored to the unique demands of the renewable energy sector emerges. This enables participants in the financing process to access a wide array of investment op-tions. Among these options, "green bonds" have become a particularly effective instrument for fi-nancing renewable energy projects. The study discussed in the article highlights the numerous ad-vantages associated with “green bonds”. These advantages include legislative provisions ensuring the targeted utilization of funds raised through green bonds and their high liquidity in developed fi-nancial markets. However, for the widespread implementation of “green bonds” in financing re-newable energy projects in Ukraine, a series of legislative and organizational improvements is cru-cial. These improvements should encompass both changes in legislation and the development of the domestic financial market. Overcoming these barriers is essential for bringing Ukraine closer to the successful achievement of its sustainable development goals. This transition to sustainable ener-gy not only contributes to the global climate change mitigation but also positions Ukraine as a re-sponsible and forward-thinking player in the international effort to create a more sustainable and environmentally conscious future.

Hydrogen and prospects of hydrogen energy

Purpose. substantiating the need to implement hydrogen storage stations for more effective decentralization of the state's energy sector. Research methodology. To achieve the goal, a comprehensive review of the state of the electric power industry of Ukraine from the point of view of energy accumulation and the use of hydrogen as a renewable source of kinetic energy was carried out, taking into account the real indicators of the energy system of Ukraine. The results. Based on the results of the study, it was established that hydrogen energy can play a key role in the sustainable development of the energy sector in Ukraine. For further post-war reconstruction and transition to a new, higher-quality level of the energy sector, our country will need industrial technologies for storing electricity. According to technical and economic indications, it is advisable to develop hydrogen production technologies on an industrial scale based on decentralized and centralized production technologies, since increasing the use of low-carbon energy is necessary for sustainable growth. Scientific novelty consists in the systematization and scientific validity of the conditions for the effective creation of regulatory systems in the energy sector of Ukraine based on pneumatic storage stations using hydrogen as a carrier of kinetic energy. Practical value. The obtained results determine the main ways of the future introduction of hydrogen accumulators at the industrial level to balance the energy system of Ukraine by accumulating excess energy produced in off-peak hours or at the minimum capacity of loads in the network. for more effective decentralization of the energy sector of the state.

Дослідження програмних засобів прогнозування вироблення та споживання електроенергії в Україні на основі методів машинного навчання

The problem of security in energy sector is an important aspect for Ukraine. The purpose of monitoring in this area is to optimize the flow of electricity between market participants, between European partners and Ukraine. It is critically important to maintain a balance between producers and consumers of energy. Both over and undersupply of energy represent risks to infrastructure. The previously available wholesale electricity market model with single buyer has been replaced by a model based on bilateral, day-ahead and intraday markets, as well as balancing and ancillary services markets. Now the participants can freely trade electricity and energy companies can provide services that provide stability of the energy system and supply electricity to the final consumer. The demand forecasting in electricity markets is one of the components that must be implemented for successful business operations and optimization of business processes. Based on the model of the Institute of problems of modeling electricity engineering of NANU, the paper sets out the task of developing a software system for forecasting threats in the energy sector of Ukraine using machine learning methods. Experiments were conducted on the application of regression methods to restore a column with data from bilateral contracts for the task of forecasting electricity generation and consumption. The results of the application of machine learning algorithms on peacetime data demonstrated that it is possible to predict market volumes and tariff plans one hour in advance with a good accuracy which allows to go beyond one-day planning in the future.

The Current State of Scientific Research of the Process of Risk Management of Ukrainian Energy Sector Enterprises

Abstract The research dedicated to risk management issues in the energy sector addresses current problems associated with risk management that arise in the energy sector. The aim of the study was to identify factors that affect risks, analyze scientific risk management methods, and consider innovative approaches to risk management in the energy sector. The study used a critical analysis of the literature on the subject as well as an analysis of risk management standards and methods. The innovation of the research lies in its consideration of modern trends in risk management in the energy sector, taking into account changing economic and political conditions, technical possibilities, as well as social attitudes and demands. The study showed that the most effective approach to risk management in the energy sector is the use of an integrated risk management system that takes into account all aspects of enterprise activity. The results of the study can be useful for energy companies that deal with risk management. They can be used to improve risk management strategies and reduce the possibility of negative consequences. In addition, this research can be used for educational purposes for students and professors who study risk management and the energy sector. The next steps of the research may include expanding the scope of the study to other areas and developing more detailed risk management models.