Agriculture In Ukraine Research Articles

BENCHMARKS OF ENSURING AN «ECONOMIC BREAKTHROUGH» OF UKRAINE IN TECHNOLOGICAL AND INNOVATIVE AREAS

Purpose. The aim of the article is the system analysis of foreign experience and development of indicators and directions of an «economic breakthrough» in technological and innovative areas within the framework for the preparation of the Strategy of an economic breakthrough of the state by the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine. Methodology of research. General and special methods have been used to achieve this aim in our scientific and analytical development: the axiomatic method and scientific abstraction method (to define the terminological consistency of notions by studying the categorical apparatus «technological breakthrough», «economic breakthrough» and «innovative breakthrough”; induction and deduction methods (to determine the core factors of an economic breakthrough); the method of synthesis and system analysis (to substantiate the theoretical essence of the basic notions and develop our own system of indicators of an «economic breakthrough»; the decomposition method (to single out the functional components (technological and innovative) in the system of an «economic breakthrough»; tabular and graphical methods (to reflect the analytical calculations and the final results of the study). Findings. The experience of 19 countries that have made an «economic breakthrough» in technological and innovative areas is systematised, in particular: the experience of the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, China, Singapore, South Korea, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, France, Germany, Egypt, Switzerland, Great Britain, Austria, Brazil and India. The original system of indicators has been suggested and the comparative monitoring of the indicators, which helped to provide a «technological and innovative breakthrough» for the selected countries of the world in comparison with Ukraine, has been carried out. The recommendations to public authorities, aimed at creating the main benchmarks of an «economic breakthrough» of Ukraine in the technological and innovative areas of activity, have been prepared. Originality. A system of indicators of an economic breakthrough of Ukraine in technological and innovative directions has been formed for the first time, the foreign experience of economically developed countries of the world in the direction of achieving economic growth of national economies has been systematised. The recommendations to public authorities concerning the identification of the main benchmarks for Ukraine's technological and innovative breakthrough in the near future have been further developed. Practical value. The outlined priority directions of the policy «Economic breakthrough» and intensification of the state policy on ensuring the economic welfare and growth in Ukraine are substantiated by the applied analysis of critical technological, innovative and state-building factors of the exacerbation of economic problems in Ukraine. Key words: economic breakthrough, benchmarks, indicators, technological area, innovative area, economic growth.

Ecological-economical aspects of the use of nutritious residues of agricultural crops in various business entities

The paper covers the analysis of the development of the crop output market in Ukraine which ensures both food security of the country and the production of alternative fuel. The preconditions of negative changes in agriculture of Ukraine were studied. High profitability of corn and sunflower production encourages producers to increase their sown areas. The analysis of the production of some agricultural crops was made in the years of 2000–2019. The challenge of the use of nutritious residues of agricultural crops is discussed in the paper. The estimation of the production efficiency of some kinds of agricultural products at farm enterprises of Ukraine for the period of 2009–2019 was made. Some ecological-economical aspects of the use of nutritious residues of agricultural crops to balance mineral crop nutrition and to manufacture bio-fuel were suggested.

Development of beekeeping in Ukraine; successes achieved, the need for marketing cooperation in the industry, the strategy of the honey business

Introduction. Beekeeping is one of the traditional and most ancient branches of Ukrainian agriculture, which is engaged in breeding bees and obtaining from them honey and other beekeeping products. From ancient times for Ukrainian peasants, honey was one of the main goods in the trade of that time and a separate source of profit.In modern conditions, beekeeping performs a very important intersectoral multifaceted function, as the obtained bee honey and beekeeping auxiliary products (royal jelly, wax, propolis, bee venom, pollen) are widely used in more than 40 industries, as well as in medicine, sculpture, painting.Today, Ukrainian beekeeping is a sphere of economic activity that not only provides employment but also forms a market for the industry, gives the opportunity to develop in this type of agribusiness, both domestic and foreign markets. Its foundation is not only the fact that Ukraine accounts for about 6% of world honey production, but also the fact that consumer demand for Ukrainian honey on the world market is growing dynamically, and as a result, our country is in the TOP-3 largest world exporters of bee honey.The aim of the study is a systematic analysis of the dynamics of production and sale of honey as the main product of beekeeping in Ukraine, identification of the main economic and environmental factors shaping the demand for bee honey, substantiation of strategic guidelines for further development of beekeeping for decent competition in domestic and global honey markets.Results. It is established that the main market for Ukrainian honey is the EU countries, among which the largest consumers are Germany and Poland. In second place after the EU, the US became the buyer of domestic beekeepers.It is indicated that in order to expand export quotas for the supply of honey to EU countries, its entry into new segments of the world market, an important factor is the streamlining of the honey business.It is emphasized that due to the instability and existing challenges of the foreign honey market, the strategy of domestic beekeeping should be focused not on increasing the number of bee colonies and gross honey production, but on a more stable domestic market and modern honey processing technologies.It is argued that in order to create better conditions for the sale of beekeeping products by small and medium-sized agricultural producers, which as a result of pooling resources in cooperatives, will be able to use the latest technologies, form their marketing channels and thus strengthen their position in the agricultural food market.Prospects. The study of the honey business system, improving the quality of bee honey are necessary areas of further research in beekeeping in Ukraine, because these important components deserve special attention in further adaptation of the beekeeping industry to international standards and trade conditions..

Formation of public management mechanisms for innovative development of the agriculture of Ukraine

The research deals with studying the factors impeding formation and functioning the innovation and investment system in Ukraine including the following: lack of innovations funding sources; imperfection of infrastructure for innovations creation and implementation; lack of necessary information on market prospects of the existing ideas and knowledge as well as advisory support of the project running from the idea to the commercialization stage; lack of established communication between scientists and business representatives. In addition, the industry is not institutionally prepared for running these processes, there is no system ensuring the innovative interest of producers. It is justified that for innovation changes, management system modernization at all levels, the development of integrated decision-making system in order to gain a competitive advantages at both the level of products generated and the industry in general are necessary along with other important factors. Also, the efficiency of public management of innovation processes is justified.It has been proved that the main directions of formation of an effective mechanism for public management of innovative development of agriculture should be: development of the institutional environment of the innovation system; state support of innovative activity, improvement of the system of development and support of small and medium business; facilitating the implementation of a public-private partnership mechanism; creation of agrarian clusters; active educational activities aimed at engaging community residents to participate in the decision-making process for the development of their territories and to realize the need to solve problems on their own.It is suggested that regional agricultural universities, together with rural communities and other public organizations of technological platforms (with the support of the state), where Agrarian business and the state, UTC, can become potential customers of innovations are proposed. On the one hand, business, UTC and the state make a request to solve their problems, and on the other, scientists, students, inventors offer innovative solutions that are further scaled and become the basis for their own innovative business.

Експорт та імпорт сільськогосподарської техніки

The purpose of the article is to develop scientifically based proposals for improving the material and technical support for the development of agricultural enterprises with domestic and foreign equipment. Research methods. In the research process, the following methods were used: dialectical knowledge of processes and phenomena; monographic (analysis of the development and provision of agriculture with imported and domestic equipment); empirical (according to a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the object of study); comparative analysis (identified the problems and goals of logistics in Ukraine); abstract-logical (generalization and formulation of conclusions). Research results. While studying the issues of export-import of agricultural machinery in Ukraine's agriculture, the current state of material and technical support was revealed and its economic and social aspects were analyzed. The main results on material and technical support of the agriculture of Ukraine are revealed. Scientific novelty. The theoretical provisions on material and technical development in agriculture were further developed, which are based on the modernization of the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises, taking into account the achievements of scientific and technological progress in Ukraine and the world, accelerating the solution of important tasks for the further mechanization of production, which will facilitate the implementation innovative progressive technologies, increase labor productivity. Practical significance. Along with individual positive changes in material and technical support, systemic obstacles to their development have been identified. Suggestions were made to eliminate them by active methods, including through state regulation. Figs.: 9. Refs.: 12.

Інституалізація агрострахування в Україні: чинники впливу та вектори розвитку

Мета. Метою статті є дослідження розвитку українського ринку страхових продуктів у сільському господарстві з виокремленням і класифікацією чинників, які впливають на динаміку основних показників ринку, та визначення на цій основі концептуальних напрямів розбудови ефективної системи агрострахування України.
 Методологія / методика / підхід. Методологію дослідження становили положення неокласичної та інституційної теорій; використано методи узагальнення та систематизації (при визначенні сучасних тенденцій розвитку ринку агрострахування), періодизації (для визначення спільних рис і розбіжностей у становленні агрострахування в Україні), статистичного аналізу (для аналізу динаміки показників розвитку аграрної сфери, ринку агрострахування), факторний аналіз (для визначення чинників впливу на ефективність агрострахування); кореляційний і регресійний аналізи (при виявленні залежності показників розвитку ринку агрострахування від макроекономічних показників й обсягів державного фінансування), прогностичний (для формулювання висновків і пропозицій щодо концептуальних векторів розвитку агрострахування).
 Результати. У результаті дослідження виявлено низький рівень проникнення страхування в сільське господарство України. Агрострахування здійснюється переважно у рослинництві. На ринку агрострахування України представлені сучасні страхові продукти, але їх асортимент є меншим у порівнянні з країнами з розвинутим агрострахуванням. Нормативно-правове забезпечення страхування продукції сільського господарства представлено значною кількістю документів, невиконання у повному обсязі окремих положень яких, наприклад, щодо державного субсидіювання страхових премій, перешкоджає розвитку агрострахування. Ми узагальнили та класифікували чинники розвитку агрострахування в Україні й використали математичну модель для виявлення основних функціональних чинників, які мають вплив на динаміку застрахованих площ. Ми встановили важливу залежність розвитку агрострахування від комплексу інституційних і функціональних чинників.
 Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Отримав подальший розвиток системний підхід до дослідження агрострахування як складника умов сталого розвитку аграрної сфери. Визначено, що реалізації потенційних можливостей агрострахування, як складника забезпечення умов сталого розвитку аграрної сфери, перешкоджають висока вартість страхових премій, недостатні обсяги фінансування державних програм, непослідовність державної політики, відсутність при її розробленні та реалізації середньострокового планування; неповнота інформації з боку стейкхолдерів щодо необхідності, доступності агрострахування. Для розвитку агрострахування необхідно зменшити негативний вплив таких чинників.
 Практична цінність / значущість. Інституалізації агрострахування, як однієї з передумов функціонування сільського господарства України на принципах сталого розвитку, будуть сприяти перехід від мультиризикового до індексного страхування, формування прозорого регуляторного середовища, запровадження середньострокового державного програмування, поширення інформації на державному рівні для стейкхолдерів щодо необхідності, доступності, доцільності агрострахування.

Еколого-економічна ефективність зрошувальних проєктів у контексті змін клімату

Мета. Мета статті полягає в презентації результатів дослідження щодо оцінювання еколого-економічної ефективності реалізації меліоративних проєктів з урахуванням якості зрошувальної води (на прикладі конкретних проєктів у ґрунтово-кліматичних умовах Харківської та Донецької областей). Методологія / методика / підхід. Методологія проведеного дослідження ґрунтується на використанні міждисциплінарного підходу. У процесі дослідження використано такі методи: монографічний (для узагальнення методологічного та практичного досвіду застосування зрошувальних проєктів); лабораторно-аналітичний (для визначення показників якості зрошувальної води); конструктивно-розрахунковий (під час обчислення показників економічної ефективності приросту врожайності в умовах зрошення); метод Монте-Карло (для імітаційного моделювання врожайності сільськогосподарських культур без зрошення та в умовах зрошення); статистичний (дисперсійний аналіз) (для оцінювання достовірності отриманих результатів); узагальнення (для підведення проміжних і загальних підсумків еколого-економічного аналізу експериментальних і модельних даних). Результати. У результаті лабораторного аналізу здійснено оцінку якості води, яка може бути використана для зрошення. Обґрунтовано переваги проєкту організації виробництва аграрної продукції в умовах краплинного зрошення, оцінено інвестиційну привабливість цього проєкту. Доведено, що застосування краплинного зрошення сприяє зростанню не лише економічного ефекту, а й адаптації до зміни клімату. Здійснено оцінку економічної ефективності застосування зрошення в землеробстві, зокрема обмежено придатною водою, під час вирощування різних сільськогосподарських культур. З огляду на економічну оцінку, вирощування більшості сільськогосподарських культур в умовах зрошення обмежено придатною водою виявилося малоефективним. Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в тому, що дістали дальшого розвитку положення щодо еколого-економічної ефективності застосування меліоративних проєктів з урахуванням якості зрошувальної води. Це одна з перших публікацій, що присвячена економічному управлінню зрошувальними проєктами в аграрному виробництві України в контексті змін клімату. Практична цінність / значущість. Результати дослідження дозволяють зробити висновки щодо ефективності впровадження проєктів краплинного зрошення, ураховуючи можливі економічні ризики та очікувані вигоди. Результати імітаційного моделювання врожайності сільськогосподарських культур в умовах зрошення можуть бути використані аграрними підприємствами для управління проєктними ризиками.

Стан і перспективи функціонування ринку лізингових послуг у сільському господарстві

Мета. Мета дослідження полягає у визначенні особливостей, проблем і перспектив функціонування ринку лізингових послуг у сільському господарстві та його місця в розвитку лізингу в Україні. Методологія / методика / підхід. Методологічною основою дослідження стали як загальнонаукові, так і спеціальні методи наукового пізнання. Було використано методи: монографічний, абстрактно-логічний, діалектичний, системно-структурний аналіз. Крім того, для досягнення поставленої мети використано системний підхід, методи інституціональної політичної економії, узагальнення, індукції, дедукції, аналізу, синтезу та порівняння. Результати. У статті ґрунтовно досліджено питання розвитку ринку лізингових послуг в Україні, здійснено аналіз тенденцій його розвитку. Узагальнено особливості лізингу як виду економічної діяльності, що впливають на його розвиток і поширення. Визначено, що найбільш активно застосування лізингових операцій відбувається в сільському господарстві й транспортній сфері. Установлено, що основними гравцями на ринку послуг фінансового лізингу залишаються юридичні особи лізингодавці, десять найбільших із них формують до 80 % портфеля чинних договорів. За умови збереження тренду до зростання вартості лізингового портфеля, у 2020 р. вартість договорів фінансового лізингу в аграрному виробництві України може збільшитися до 8192,6 млн грн. Визначено, що лізингове кредитування є поширеним способом формування матеріально-технічної бази сільськогосподарського виробництва, воно забезпечує підвищення продуктивності виробництва, сприяє модернізації агробізнесу та підвищенню конкурентоспроможності продукції, підприємств і галузі в цілому. Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Наукова новизна полягає у визначенні співвідношення динаміки зміни вартості договорів фінансового лізингу укладених у сільському господарстві з показником валового внутрішнього продукту, та розробці математичних функцій, що описують зміну зазначених показників. Дістало дальшого розвитку обґрунтування місця сільського господарства на ринку послуг фінансового лізингу. Практична цінність / значущість. Практична цінність цієї статті полягає в тому, що одержані автором теоретичні узагальнення сприятимуть формуванню уявлень про стан і перспективи розвитку ринку лізингових послуг в Україні та місце сільського господарства в ньому. Розроблені функції екстраполяції вартості договорів фінансового лізингу галузі та валового внутрішнього продукту можуть бути використані в процесі поточного планування діяльності.

Розвиток агропромисловості України в умовах євроінтеграції

Розвиток агропромисловості України в умовах євроінтеграції

The Waste-Free Production Development for the Energy Autonomy Formation of Ukrainian Agricultural Enterprises

Agriculture has been considered as one of the priority countries sectors in our research; the share of agriculture in the gross domestic product of the world leading countries was investigated. The theoretical and practical aspects of non-waste agricultural production development using animal waste and crop residues fermented in biogas plants are revealed. The authors substantiate the relevance and potential of the introduction of waste-free technology which has considerable advantages of energy autonomy both for the enterprise and the country. The state of humus content in soils of Ukraine is also considered. International experience has been evaluated, which consists in the ability of agricultural waste both to produce alternative sources of energy and to use the products of their processing as organic fertilizers that significantly increase crop yields.
 The first steps of the Ukrainian agricultural enterprises to introduction of non-waste production on the example of the company LLC Organic-D have been presented; it heats and electrifies the complex, dries crops, and also uses organic fertilizer (digestate) due to waste processing in the biogas station. As a result of the research, it was found that the application of organic fertilizer can have a positive effect on soil recovery, because the soil acidity has changed from a level of weak acid (5.4 pH) to a level close to neutral (6 pH) for one year of its application. To conclude, the obtained results prove the relevance of the research problem.

The modern state and development trends of the livestock market in Ukraine

Introduction. Successful implementation of key socio-economic objectives of the national economy in modern conditions is impossible without ensuring the dynamic and sustainable development of its basic sector - agricultural production. Ukraine's agriculture has undergone significant structural transformations in recent decades, resulting in the predominant development of the crop sector. At the same time, livestock itself provides more than 20% of the consumption fund, determines the prospects for agricultural development in general and is able to form a strong export potential of the country's economy. The purpose of the research is analysis of the modern state of the market of livestock products of Ukraine, identification and assessment of the main trends of its development. Results. The dynamics of livestock production, the actual level of supply of the population of Ukraine with food of animal origin are analyzed in the article. Livestock products account for about 26% in the structure of modern agricultural production. About 47.5% of the supply of livestock products on the market is provided by public sector enterprises, 2.1% by farms, and 53% by households. The production of pig and poultry meat is characterized by a growth rate while reducing milk production. Actual livestock production in Ukraine today does not provide the necessary indicators of the level of food security of the country's population. Cost-effective in modern conditions is the production of pig meat and milk. Strengthening the degree of competition creates the preconditions for the consolidation of domestic agrarian business and the gradual increase in the market share of large agricultural holding structures. The state financial support is important for livestock production. The main directions of state aid to the industry were: partial compensation for the cost of loans, the cost of purchased animals, reconstruction of farms and special subsidies. Conclusions. Livestock market in Ukraine is a complex mechanism, the action of which is determined by the set of its main elements (demand, supply, price, competition) and a significant number of market participants. Important for the further development of the livestock products market are: the development of competition, the price mechanism, government support, the realization of the economic interest of each of the sub-relations of market relations. Keywords: market, livestock products, industry, production, agricultural enterprises, state support.

Investment providing of jobs creation in agrarian sphere

Topicality. In the economic mechanism of regulation of the labor market in the agrarian sphere is of great importance for forecasting and balancing supply and demand for labor, depending on the volume of agricultural production and the corresponding formation of real investment in job creation in the branch. Therefore, the direction of research of investment processes and employment of the population in the agricultural sphere is relevant. Formulation of the problem. Investment processes in agriculture of Ukraine should provide reproductive processes in the branch, improve the structure of means of production and attract workers to enterprises. At present, there is a rapid reduction in labor force in the agrarian sphere, but there are not enough alternative jobs in the countryside, which increases migration flows in the country. The current urgent task of the state is to create conditions for investing in the creation of jobs in the agrarian sphere to ensure rational employment of the population and food security of the country, etc. The subject of research covers the social and labor aspects of investing in agricultural production. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the directions, terms, volumes and sources of investment in creating jobs in the agricultural sector. Methods of conducting research: abstract-logical, systematic approach, balance, monographic, statistical-economic, economic-mathematical, calculation-constructive methods. Results of the work: quantitative indicators of increase of formal employment of the population in the agrarian and other sectors of the economy and corresponding prognostic scenarios due to activation of investment and reproduction processes in the industry are substantiated; directions, volumes, terms, sources of investment in production of products in agricultural enterprises and improvement of the mechanism of their state support are determined. Practical implementation: formation of investment policy at state, branch and enterprise levels of economy, process of development of state and local programs of promotion of employment of population, agrarian and rural development. Conclusions: activation of investment in labor-intensive production of agricultural products while attracting public and private capital investments in the industry will ensure rational employment of the population in the agrarian sphere, will promote the development of agrarian social and labor relations.

Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture

In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY ON THE BALANCE OF NUTRITIONAL SUBSTANCES IN SOILS OF ZHYTOMIR REGION

It is known that in Ukraine agriculture is much more developed than industry. This is due to the presence in our country of high-yielding lands, in particular, the black earth, which is a national wealth and protected by the constitution of Ukraine. This is what determines Ukraine’s belonging to the agrarian states of the world. As a result, the level of land plowing in our country is quite high, and the acreage occupies a considerable share of agricultural land. On the other hand, intensive involvement of land in the production of agricultural products leads to a deterioration of the soil condition, reducing their natural fertility. The lack of tight control by the state on the use of land by producers only exacerbates the effects of anthropogenic impact on soil quality. The Zhytomyr region is located in the Polissya and Forest-Steppe zones. The predominant soil type in its territory is sod-podzolic (more than 60.0%), with humus content up to 1.5%. Such soils are typical of northern part of the region. The forest-steppe part of Zhytomyr region is characterized by more fertile soils with humus content of more than 2.5%. The acreage of Zhytomyr region is 648,1 thousand hectares. Agricultural enterprises mainly have a grain direction, since in the structure of acreage the major part is occupied by grain and legumes, corn for grain, sunflower, soybean and rapeseed. The areas with the highest share of arable land are Andrushivskiy, Berdychivskiy, Ruzhinskiy, Popilnyanskiy, Chudnivskiy, Chernyakhivskiy and Brusylivskiy, with an area of arable land 38.2–53.6% of the total area of the district. Minerals and organic fertilizers are not sufficiently used in the agricultural system of the region. This is evidenced by the negative nutrient balance, which amounts to 35.5 tonnes from the entire acreage. With regard to mineral fertilizers, it is used more intensively by producers than organic fertilizers cultures. Fertilized areas in the sections of Zhytomyr region are shown on the corresponding map diagrams. According to our research, Chudnivskiy (2.54%), Andrushivskiy (2.62%), Zhytomyrskiy (2.63%) and Ruzhynskiy (2.9%) regions have the highest weighted average humus. It is in this area that land use can be considered environmentally sound. In total, 838888 tones of humus were formed in the area under crops at an area of 607.1 thousand hectares. However, the main share in the process of humification is plant residues, not organic fertilizers. Therefore, the low level of fertilizer use by agricultural enterprises causes a shortage of nutrients in the soil of the acreage and indicates the irrational use of land in agricultural production.

MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL CULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE VINNYTSIA REGION IN CLIMATE CHANGE

The article presents the results of the study of monitoring the production of crops in the Vinnitsia region in the context of climate change. The climate peculiarities of the region are described, the most noticeable manifestations of climate change, their effects are investigated and generalized, and the potential impact of these changes on the yield of basic crops is identified. The place of Vinnytsia region in agriculture of Ukraine by volume of production of gross agricultural production is investigated. The efficiency of land use in Vinnytsia region is analyzed. In particular, the structure of land distribution of the region under crops has been considered. It is established that efficient management is related, first of all, to the set of cultivated crops and the structure of the acreage. The structure between optimal and actual ratio of crops in crop rotation in the Vinnytsia region is analyzed. It is pointed out that the acreage structure does not correspond to the optimal structure developed by scientists. A significant decrease in the area of forage land was noted. The dynamics of changes in crop production and production of fruit and berry crops in the region for the period 1990–2019, as well as the dynamics of acreage and the yield of basic crops for the period 2010–2019 are analyzed. It is established that as a result of climate change in the territory of Vinnytsia region there is a reorientation of the plant growing industry by reducing the areas under water-loving and expanding under drought resistant crops such as corn, rapeseed, sunflower, soybeans. However, growing such crops requires the rational and economical use of soil resources. It is noted that climate change necessitates a revision of the area of crop propagation, most of which have already undergone territorial changes. These changes require the search for new technologies, varieties, fertilizers, plant protection products, organizational forms and other adaptation measures

Investment providing sustainable development of rural areas in Ukraine

The economic growth of agricultural production is one of the main problems of modern economic development of Ukraine, in which investment processes play an important role. Therefore, the research is to reveal the importance of investment for the development of agriculture and rural areas of Ukraine and to develop recommendations to enhance investments in the Ukrainian rural areas. The data base of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on economic development of Ukraine, investment activity of agriculture in Ukraine and attraction of foreign direct investments into the economy of Ukraine for 2014-2018 served as the information base for empirical and statistical research. It is found according to the results of the study that the level of provision of agriculture with investment resources is not sufficient. The reason is a number of negative factors: imperfect legislative framework, corruption, economic instability of the country, military conflict in the east of the country, insufficient financing of agriculture, low level of credit to the sector, etc. Using a systematic and integrated method, a model for the formation of investment support for sustainable rural development has been developed. We believe that in order to activate the sustainable development of rural territories, the use of the model will help to streamline and allocate financial and investment resources and improve rural investment activities. Conceptual approaches to the possible introduction of the agricultural land market in Ukraine are substantiated.

Foresight Development Strategy of the Financial Capacity: Comparative Study of the Ukrainian Agricultural Sector

The system of foresight methods is most often used to solve research problems that are distinguished from the continuity of historical chronology. The aim of our study is to search for new approaches to measuring, assessing and forecasting the economic and financial potential of the agricultural sector, in order to develop an adequate public administration strategy. We have set the task to answer what effect this trend will have for the agricultural sector and the economy of Ukraine in the coming years. We used normative-system analysis - an approach that allows to identify measures that stimulate or limit the implementation of a particular scenario for a particular research subject. This method is aimed at formulating policies and foresight strategies, which are implemented by calculating the financial potential of the agricultural industry. The basis of the research was the hypothesis that the financial potential of the macro level should be analyzed according to the current foresight strategy method, which involves (i) identifying the object of forecasting (agrarian sector), (ii) determining the essential conditions (targets that the financial potential for sustainable development should correspond to), (iii) scanning the environment (what resources and types of potential are related to financial), and (v) identifying alternatives and possible future scenarios (building a balance sheet of financial resources). The results of the statistical analysis suggested that the main determinants of the financial potential are: the volumes, structure, and proportions of reproduction. Furthermore, the efficiency and strength of financial potential are compared with the main macroeconomic indicators of rural development. The results revealed that the necessity of state regulation of financial flows connected with the agrarian sector is substantiated by monitoring the process of forming financial flows in a number of key parameters with the aim of observing the equivalence of all management forms to financial resources. This research contributes to the previous literature on Ukraine context, where we proposed ways to improve the quality of financial potential, the conditions for its formation and distribution and redistribution in accordance with the National Concept for the Development of the Agrarian Sector (2015). Additionally, this research will pave the way for the adaptation of foreign experience, including international comparisons of financial flows and state support.

Analysis of Production and Sales of Organic Products in Ukrainian Agricultural Enterprises

As organic farming gains more popularity across the world, it is important to discuss the underlying trends of its development in Ukraine, who is an important agricultural producer. Organic farming may have lower environmental pressures—therefore, we seek to identify the major trends in the production and sales of the organic agricultural products in Ukraine. In this study, data on the production structure, costs, and selling prices from Ukrainian enterprises are analyzed. Conventional and organic enterprises are contrasted in order to identify the possibilities for the development of organic agriculture in Ukraine. Our results suggest that enterprises that use organic farming in Ukraine tend to produce higher output per hectare, as opposed to those engaged in conventional farming. However, labor profitability remains low in labor-intensive organic farming, especially in larger companies, and organic products remain a low percentage of Ukraine’s agricultural exports. This calls for further study into the development of organic production and consumption in the domestic market, as well as the implementation of appropriate certification practices in order to ensure the growth of organic exports.

Transformation of the financing patterns of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of the financial system crisis: a case of Ukraine and the USA

The authors study how the financing patterns of agricultural enterprises have changed under the influence of the financial system crisis in Ukraine and the United States (US, USA). The indicators of financing patterns, which are traditionally employed in financial management, were used. However, the main financial indicator which is the financial leverage indicator provides distorted results because agricultural lands are not objects of sale in Ukraine, therefore, they are not considered as assets and are not reflected in the balance sheet of enterprises at fair value. The agricultural lands, which are leased by the agricultural enterprises, were evaluated and the financial leverage indicator was recalculated. After the recalculation, the financial leverage indicator was reduced from 1.081 to 0.128 in 2017 (the latest data available by the beginning of 2020 has been applied). The obtained adjusted value of the financial leverage indicator in Ukraine was even lower than the actual value of 0.149 in the USA in 2017. In addition, the integral indicator of debt capital quality was built to characterize the debt capital of the agricultural enterprises. The analysis showed that the financial system crisis in Ukraine influenced negatively on the financing patterns of the agricultural enterprises. Ukraine lagged far behind in terms of key indicators of the financing patterns of the agricultural enterprises compared with the USA. The study showed the significant statistical relationship between the integral indicator of debt capital quality of the agricultural enterprises and the integral indicator of the banking sector component of the financial system in Ukraine, which allowed building the reliable regression model. It means that the financial crisis influences negatively on the quality of debt capital of the agricultural enterprises. One of the main reasons for improper compensation of the negative effects of the financial system crisis on the agricultural enterprises is the absence of a specialized financial system for agriculture in Ukraine (contrary to the USA), which needs to be confirmed in the course of further research.

PERSPEKTYWY I WYZWANIA DLA ROZWOJU MAŁYCH FORM PRZEDSIĘBIORCZOŚCI W ROLNICTWIE UKRAINY

The article summarizes the practice of creation and functioning of small business forms in agriculture of Ukraine, assesses their role and capabilities at the present stage and in the future, identifies priority, desirable directions for further development of society and mechanisms for their provision. The necessity of implementing a consistent policy of entrepreneurial activity expansion in the rural area is substantiated, in the first place by family farming, which is capable to ensure the maximum employment rate of rural population. Due to the above-mentioned processes, agroholdings have narrowed down the ability of the rural population to conduct agricultural entrepreneurial activity. It has also been proved that in order to increase the efficiency of agricultural production, the profitability of rural households from the agricultural products production and sale, employment of rural population and the development of the agrarian market’s infrastructure, it is necessary to intensify the creation of agricultural servicing cooperatives, especially in sectors where the production of small business forms prevails. It was found that it is extremely important to introduce a permanent state of financial and other support for the development of agricultural servicing cooperatives and small forms of farming in the rural area, focusing on supporting the latter through cooperatives in which they participate.