European Integration Of Ukraine Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF WAR ON THE INSURANCE MARKET OF UKRAINE: ANALYSIS OF OBSTACLES AND RESTRUCTURING OF THE FINANCIAL LANDSCAPE

The purpose is to carefully study and systematize the impact of the military conflict on the insurance market of Ukraine and provide practical recommendations for overcoming the challenges arising in this context. Method. The study is based on the use of statistical data to assess changes in the economy and the insurance sector during martial law, a detailed analysis of specific cases of insurance companies and regions that were affected by armed aggression. Theoretical and empirical methods, as well as economic and statistical methods of research, comparative analysis, strategic management, systematic approach and analysis were used in the process of research. The results. This study presents the influence of the state of war on the structure and dynamics of the insurance market in Ukraine, analyzes the opportunities of insurance companies, losses and risks associated with insurance in conditions of instability. A decrease in the number of registered insurance companies and companies providing life insurance services was determined, a decrease in the rates of gross insurance premiums and gross insurance payouts was recorded while maintaining positive dynamics, and it was noted that the majority of insurance premiums remain at the disposal of insurers. Restructuring and adaptation strategies for insurance companies are proposed in order to ensure their viability during the war and post-victory recovery period. Scientific novelty.This study can serve as a valuable contribution to the understanding of the relationship between the war situation and the insurance market, and also indicates possible ways for further development and reform of the insurance industry in accordance with the European integration of Ukraine. Practical significance. The dynamics of the main indicators of the insurance market in recent years are singled out, and the highlighting of obvious trends, which in the future can be used as a characteristic of this period of existence of the insurance industry.

GREEN FINANCE: THEORETICAL ASPECT AND FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING IN UKRAINE

The article analyzes the concept of "green finance", which is the concept and practice of financial instruments and resources aimed at supporting projects and initiatives that promote environmental sustainability, as well as social and economic well-being. It can cover a wide variety of financial products, from loans and investments to debt and insurance, aimed at reducing the impact of human activities on the environment. The main idea is to promote sustainable development, preserve natural resources and improve the quality of life, while ensuring economic development. The main components of the green finance structure are identified: green bonds, green loans and credits, specialized insurance services, green investment funds, financing of green startups, etc. Green loans and credits issued by banks promote energy saving projects and the use of renewable energy sources. Green bonds issued by governments and companies attract investments for environmental initiatives. Investment funds focused on green technologies and sustainable construction are characterized by specialization. Socially responsible investments include sustainability and environmental responsibility criteria. Specialized insurance products cover risks associated with climate change. Green startup financing supports the development of innovative environmental technologies. This diversity reflects the growing interest in sustainability and environmental finance. Based on the analysis, the importance of theoretical substantiation of the concept of green finance in the context of Ukraine's European integration processes is proved. Strategies for overcoming the difficulties associated with the application of green finance in Ukraine are proposed. As for the strategies to overcome the difficulties, it is important to develop common standards and definitions for green finance, which will help to unify the understanding and application of this concept. In addition, engaging government agencies and international institutions to create a favorable legislative and regulatory environment is an important aspect. Financial barriers can be reduced through the development of incentives, subsidies, and other instruments aimed at green investments. Finally, it is important to promote education and awareness campaigns to raise awareness of the benefits and opportunities of green finance among all stakeholders.

Familiarization with the features of the enterprise activities through the management report: condition, perspectives of development, risks

Introduction. The modern trends of Ukraine's European integration path determined today's demand for enterprises – the timely publication of the Management Report. The process of preparing the report should be phased. It is reasonable to create a working group, involving representatives of the production unit, the HR department, and marketers. The Law «On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine» contains clauses with requirements for reporting, therefore, it is observed that it should be compiled by the accounting department, but it provides a lot of information that does not belong to the competence of this service. Considering this, management of the company has to take care of the proper organization of the preparation of the Management Report and the software of information sources for its individual areas. The purpose of the paper is a justification of the optimality of filling the sections of the Management Report according to individual characteristics of the company's activity, based on the experience of European companies, which report on certain issue five years earlier than Ukrainian ones. Results. Each company, depending on the specifics of the business, needs to develop the concept of the Management Report and determine which sections it will consist of. Accordingly, determine sources of information and organize its collection, processing and generalization. It is advisable that this form is not only useful, but also visually attractive, especially with the prospect of attracting new partners. The management report is significantly different from other financial reports. The paper substantiates the optimality of filling the sections of the Management Report according to individual characteristics of the company's activity, based on the practical experience of Ukrainian and European companies. A number of excerpts from relevant reports of various business entities are provided, which visualize their data. Conclusion. It was concluded that the proposed approaches to the informational disclosure of activities and annual results, with an emphasis on non-financial components of the Management Report, contribute to saving time of the performers and the development of a holistic approach to the presentation of data. Perspectives for further research are determined by the accumulation of experience by domestic enterprises on the development of the most optimal structure and content of the Management Report, in order not only to comply with legal requirements, but also to use this creative format to best promote their own achievements and future business opportunities.

Historical conditions of Ukraine’s tourism and recreation sector formation and its development in the era of sustainable multimodal mobility

The purpose of the proposed article is a show the history of the formation of the sphere of tourism and recreation of Ukraine in the context of world trends. Methodology is base on application of such scientific methods, as literary, historical, chronologic, dichronic (method of division into periods), approach of the systems, івент- and content-analysis, that did possible complex study and selection of the basic historical stages of development of tourism and recreation. Scientific novely. The authors considered the main approaches to the periodization of the formation of tourism and the tourism industry in Ukraine and the main stages of the development of the field of tourism and recreation from the earliest times. It is emphasized that the formation of tourism and recreation in different geographical regions of Ukraine had certain features, and this industry can take place according to the following main models. Conclusions. The processes of the origin and development of tourism and recreation in Ukraine and the world, the emergence of tourist enterprises, the creation of international tourist organizations, and the globalization of tourism are highlighted. The analysis of the points of view of foreign and domestic authors on international tourism market research made it possible to substantiate the historical aspects of the development of the field of tourism and recreation as a factor in the European integration of Ukraine, as well as to determine the current directions of development of the field of tourism and recreation in the context of European integration processes in Ukraine.

Підходи до формування міжкультурної компетентності фахівців публічного управління

Statement of the problem. At the present stage of development of a globalised society, the importance of intercultural competence, which should be possessed by specialists in those fields that are directly related to the communication process with partners in the international arena, is increasing. The public sphere is no exception, as it is the place where a layer of specialists is formed to perform important tasks assigned to them by the state. Therefore, the relevance of possessing an adequate level of intercultural competence of public administration professionals is growing, especially in recent years, when Ukraine has declared the European integration vector of its development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The formation of intercultural competence of public administration professionals is studied by such scholars as Y. Vyshnevska, L. Gren, O. Hrybko, H. Kyrychenko, N. Kovalska, V. Marchenko, S. Medvedenko, O. Sytko and many others. They study the peculiarities of forming the communicative competence of public administration specialists, consider ways of forming the communicative component of the leadership potential of government officials, raise the issue of the nature of information and communication mechanisms for shaping the image of public authorities, and analyse communicative tolerance in public administration. Identification of previously unresolved parts of the overall problem. The issue of raising the level of intercultural competence of public administration professionals remains an urgent problem that needs to be addressed in the context of Ukraine's European integration. Summary of the basic research material. The intercultural competence of public administration professionals is seen as a set of skills that form a sufficient and effective dialogue between partners and relevant groups of professionals representing different economic, political, religious, ethnic or national groups. The article highlights the main structural components of intercultural competence of future public administration professionals. Angovernment official must be able to interact with partners who may be representatives of different cultures and ethnicities. Close to this is the ability to conduct a mutually beneficial dialogue and the readiness of specialists to make the most effective decision for the communicators. A high level of dialogue is considered to be the ability of its participants to hear and perceive the position of their opponents. Specialists should have the ability to conduct business negotiations at the highest level, as well as a wide range of techniques and methods of comparison and generalisation. Finally, a public sector professional must be an effective conflict resolution specialist and be able to manage conflict situations. Conclusions. Thanks to developed intercultural communication, dialogue in a modern multicultural society becomes possible, and intercultural competence serves as an effective tool for it. It is able to form an environment that provides for a basic and higher level based on such factors as motivation, skills and knowledge, moral autonomy, creativity and criticism.

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS OF STATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS IN THE ECONOMIC COOPERATION SPHERE OF THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES

This scientific research explores the key aspects and challenges associated with Ukraine's European integration process, as well as the country's role and place in global globalization processes. The main focus is on analyzing the impact of these processes on the Ukrainian state governance system, its adaptation to the standards and practices of developed countries, particularly in the context of rapprochement with the European Union. The study examines the legal and regulatory aspects of European integration, identifying the obstacles and opportunities arising in the integration process, including the lack of clear long-term planning, coordination problems among government bodies, and insufficient staffing and financial provision. The research also includes an overview of the current state of relations between Ukraine and the European Union, revealing stagnation trends and regression in these relations, as well as analyzing issues related to the limitation of democracy and human rights violations in Ukraine. The study concludes with recommendations for improving the mechanisms for implementing Ukraine's European integration policy. A comprehensive approach is proposed, which includes adherence to the state strategy, resolution of conflicts in the European integration process, ensuring citizen participation and establishing public control, and ensuring transparency and accountability of government bodies. This approach involves the active engagement of all stakeholders in the integration process, aligning internal reforms with European standards, and ensuring Ukraine's sustainable development on the path to European integration. Keywords: globalization, integration, Eurointegration, integration policy, public control, state governance.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ ПРОФЕСІЙНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ У НІМЕЧЧИНІ

Relevance. Ukraine's European integration orientation requires the implementation of the accumulated experience of teacher training in the European Union; given Germany's leading economic indicators, it is necessary to analyse its experience of training teachers of vocational institutions in terms of mastering the issues of the psychological and pedagogical block. Aim: to determine the peculiarities of psychological and pedagogical training of vocational educational institutions teachers in Germany and to substantiate recommendations for the psychological and pedagogical training of vocational teachers in Ukraine. Methods: analysis and synthesis – to determine the state of psycho-pedagogical training of vocational teachers in Germany; comparative analysis to find similarities and differences in the psycho-pedagogical training of vocational teachers in Germany and Ukraine; generalization – to formulate conclusions and recommendations for the psycho-pedagogical training of vocational teachers in Ukraine. Results: it was found that the number of credits allocated for psychological and pedagogical training of teachers in Ukraine and Germany is approximately the same. At the same time, the national system of teacher training in vocational education is characterised by the reverse distribution of credits for psychological and pedagogical training. As a rule, at the bachelor's degree, Ukrainian students receive the whole complex of "academic psychological and pedagogical training", and in the master's degree they consider certain issues of teaching disciplines in their specialisation. Practical training is identical in Ukrainian and German higher education institutions that train teachers for vocational (vocational and technical) education. A significant difference is observed in the organisation of students training for research activities. The national system is characterised by the training of students in this area at the master's level. Conclusions: it is necessary to focus the attention of Ukrainian university education on meeting the expectations of students to receive proven instructions for their future work (to shift the emphasis from the encyclopaedic study of educational theories to practical training); to integrate psychology issues directly into the problems of teaching and organising the educational process; to develop a unified standard of psychological and pedagogical training for teachers of vocational (vocational and technical) education institutions, taking into account current trends and credit differentiation; to begin training students to conduct empirical research at the bachelor's level.

Євроінтеграція України – ключові перепони та вимоги

The article discusses the problems of Ukraine's European integration. The authors provide a short list of agreements between the EU and Kyiv. They list the problems facing Ukraine on the way to accession. The main one is the war with Russia. The unresolved problems listed include the fight against corruption and reforms of the judiciary and economy. The authors note the attitudes of Ukrainians and EU citizens towards Kyiv's accession to the European Union, its achievements, and analyses the synchronisation of legislation with the European one. A brief overview of the EU’s problems, such as the problems caused by the disappearance of Russian energy supplies and the Ukrainian refugee crisis, is given. The article also analyses economic cooperation between the EU and Ukraine. The EU is Ukraine’s main trading partner and its role is increasing. It is the economic basis of European integration. However, the ongoing war in Ukraine is an obstacle to investment from the EU and accession to the Union.

Constitutional guarantees of the inviolability of property rights on the example of Ukraine, Poland and Germany

In the course of the modern state building processes, European integration of Ukraine, as well as negative events unfolding as a result of Russia's armed aggression, the property right as one of the fundamental constitutional rights is experiencing restrictions and transformations. The purpose of the scientific research is to highlight the content of the guarantee (principle) of the inviolability of property rights, and how they are embedded in the Fundamental Laws of Ukraine, Poland and Germany. The following general and specifically legal methods of scientific knowledge form the methodological basis of the study: the system-structural method, the method of comparison and logical-legal method. The analysis of constitutional guarantees regarding the inviolability of property rights on the example of Ukraine, Poland and Germany was conducted in the article. According to the results of the conducted research, it is proposed the following separation of the guarantees regarding the inviolability of property rights stipulated by the constitutions guarantees of legislative consolidation of rights and procedures; immediate principles and guarantees of effectuation of the property rights; guarantees of administrative support; guarantees of protection and defense of the property rights. Significance of results and the prospects for further research. The proposed classification makes it possible to more widely define the constitutional guarantees of the property rights, which also makes it possible to provide the legal protection to a wider range of public relations regarding the property.

Issues of national minorities in the policy of the Eastern Partnership

The peculiarities of implementing the policy of the EU’s Eastern Partnership Initiative in regards to protecting the rights of national minorities have been studied. The issue of national minorities in the EU is considered from the perspectives of security, democracy, and regional integration. Despite contemporary criticism of the EU’s Eastern Partnership Initiative, many initiatives aimed at protecting the rights of national minorities in the region have been implemented, thereby fostering intergovernmental cooperation. It is evident that Ukraine and Moldova are the most proactive in protecting the rights of national minorities amongst the Eastern Partnership countries. These countries have been granted the status of candidate for EU accession. Despite the Russian-Ukrainian war, Ukraine actively works on improving legislation in the field of ethno-policy. Particular emphasis is placed on analysis of the institutional structure of national minorities, communication pathways, and non-discriminatory policies in Eastern Partnership countries. Member states of the Eastern Partnership actively utilize “soft power” techniques through a network of minority organizations. It has been suggested that European integration of Ukraine and Moldova has generated considerable opportunities for the development of national minorities. Loosening of state borders has enabled national minorities to connect more deeply with their ethnic homelands, thereby transforming them into engaged participants of transborder cooperation and significant figures of regional policy. The Eastern Partnership furnishes a platform for minorities to assert themselves in decisions which pertain to their lives, execute grant initiatives, and take part in regional associations of minorities. Nevertheless, certain risks are highlighted, such as particular nations exploiting EU enlargement to tackle minority matters or manipulate minority rights. The EU has analyzed programs supporting national minorities, especially those implemented in the Eastern Partnership countries. While Eastern Partnership countries have developed their policies regarding national minorities, there are common problems faced by minorities in the region. Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, Azerbaijan, and Armenia are involved in conflicts, being former Soviet Union countries, and face numerous challenges concerning the functioning of the Russian minority, which is numerically significant in this region. It is stated that the EU cooperates with the Eastern Partnership countries on matters regarding national minorities, and it is crucial to develop innovative models for managing ethnic diversity, promoting the involvement of national minorities in making socio-political decisions and integrating them into society.

Principles of state policy in a consumer rights protection field and their legislative consolidation

The paper justified that the structure of building any policy is always based on a list of principles relevant to the specified policy. The principles determine the essence of the political construction, taking into account the specific features in the relevant sphere, where each of the elements (subjects) of this policy is built through the prism of the principles. The paper analyzed the main international and domestic regulatory legal acts, which operate under the term principles of state policy in the sphere of consumer rights protection. It was established that the principles are defined in a non-systematic manner in domestic legal acts, with a weak connection to international principles and Ukraine's European integration obligations. The analysis of international regulatory legal acts allowed us to come to the conclusion that international practice, in its content, singles out: the general principles of consumer policy based on the basic rights of consumers; principles according to the priority goals of consumer policy; principles of individual subjects of consumer policy. It is characterized by the absence of most of the subjects inherent in the European system of consumer rights protection, and the existing ones often do not have the capacity (legal, financial, organizational, etc.) to perform their functions. The guiding principles of the implementation of state policy in the sphere of consumer rights protection are defined as the basis of the implementation of state policy in the field of consumer rights protection, which are used by state and non-state subjects of consumer policy in the development and adoption of any long-term socio-economic decisions affecting (may affect) the rights and interests of consumers. It is proposing to consolidate this norm with the list of principles and defined their in Article 3 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of Consumer Rights".

MIDDLE CLASS IN UKRAINE: GOVERNMENT OR OPPOSITION?

MIDDLE CLASS IN UKRAINE: GOVERNMENT OR OPPOSITION?

Law of Ukraine in the conditions of war

With the aim of scientific and practical analysis of the law of Ukraine in times of war, the article examines the peculiarities of legal regulation of the main spheres of life of the Ukrainian State and society during martial law. The author provides a quantitative and qualitative description of the law-making process in Ukraine. The author analyses the law-making activities of the Parliament – the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, as well as the system of basic by-laws adopted during the war years. It is concluded that Ukrainian law in wartime reflects the objective socio-political realities of the Ukrainian State and society which are in extremely difficult conditions of martial law. It is argued that over the past year, Ukrainian law has been functionally focused on solving the urgent tasks of defending Ukraine from armed aggression and on legal support for the functioning of public authorities and other state and public institutions in the context of war, in particular, through active and effective lawmaking activities covering all the most important socio-political areas with its regulatory influence. The topics of the adopted legal acts for the previous year refl ect the realities and priorities of the state in the context of war: defence, national security, judicial and law enforcement activities, human rights, economy and foreign policy, etc. The war has led to the adoption of regulatory legal acts which are classified as special legislation aimed at creating a legal basis for the national defence resistance, ensuring national security and law and order in times of war. The author proves that the war did not stop the European integration process in Ukraine. Thus, the legal acts called "European integration laws" were adopted. The author concludes that the law of Ukraine during the war years became not only the normative basis for Ukraine's resistance to Russian aggression, but also the legal basis for the future development of the Ukrainian state and society, in particular, in the context of Ukraine's future European integration aspirations. Key words: war, martial law, economy, European integration, legislation, national security, defence, post-war reconstruction, human rights, law, justice, lawmaking.

European integration of Ukraine as a factor of transformation of legal practice (theoretical and legal aspect)

The article discusses the directions for development of legislation that would correspond to the Constitution of Ukraine and its recognized legal principles, which are closely linked to the enhancement of the role of law in the legal system of Ukraine. In the context of Ukraine's European integration processes, as a candidate state for EU membership, the main factors influencing the reform of Ukraine's legal system are analyzed, and priorities for the development of legislative initiatives are identified, including those relating to the problems of organizational and legal support for the development of judicial cooperation in civil and criminal cases, using international and bilateral documents based on the principles of legal certainty and the right to a fair trial. Changes to the legislation "On National Minorities (Communities) of Ukraine" and laws for the implementation of the rights and freedoms of individuals and citizens of Ukraine in accordance with generally recognized norms of international law and European conventions ratified by Ukraine are also discussed. Special attention is paid to the principles of development and improvement of legislation, namely the principles of the rule of law, strict adherence to constitutional provisions, democracy, social expediency, scientific justification, systematic and coordinated legislative activity, the interrelationship and interaction of legislative acts, and the priority of generally recognized norms and principles of international law over national legislation. In light of the above, an important task in the process of legal practice is to highlight the mechanisms for ensuring the development of legislation, including the legal principles of law-making, organization and coordination of legislative activities. Special emphasis is placed on improving legislative techniques, providing information support for legislative activities, and scientific support for law-making.

European integration of Ukraine: problems and prospects

The paper is devoted to the process of Ukraine's integration into the European Union, namely, to the analysis of the historical path, comparison of opinions of domestic and foreign experts, and forecasting of possible economic and legal disadvantages and advantages. The authors analyze the economic and legislative provisions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union. The authors emphasize that international integration processes are currently having a significant impact on the functioning of not only regional and state systems, and the establishment of a new international order, but also on the internal policies of individual communities and countries and the daily life of each citizen. The authors note that the opinions of domestic and foreign experts on Ukraine's integration into the EU differ, reflecting different perspectives and interests. Domestic experts may focus on potential economic and political benefits, such as increased trade opportunities, access to EU funding, and increased stability. Conversely, foreign experts may take into account factors such as geopolitical considerations, regional security implications, and the impact on EU cohesion and enlargement capacity. By comparing these perspectives, a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and challenges can be achieved. The author concludes that Ukraine's accession to the EU is a complex decision that requires a thorough analysis of all possible consequences and benefits for the country. Ukraine's integration into the European Union is a consequential decision with wide-ranging implications. The historical path, opinions of domestic and foreign experts, and an assessment of economic and legal factors are crucial for understanding the potential consequences. By carefully weighing the pros and cons, considering the interests of the country and its citizens, and seeking expert advice, Ukraine can make an informed decision that maximizes the benefits and minimizes the disadvantages of EU integration.

Analysis of foreign experience of state control in the field of ferrous metallurgy (administrative and legal basis of financial and environmental control)

The article makes an attempt to summarize the foreign experience of state control in the field of ferrous metallurgy, namely, attention is focused on the administrative and legal foundations of financial and environmental control.
 The author draws attention to the fact that borrowing the experience of foreign countries in the field of state control in the field of ferrous metallurgy should become one of the priority directions on the way to the reform of this institute by the public administration in Ukraine after the end of the war with Russia. However, as practice shows, blind borrowing of foreign experience gives insufficient effect, sometimes creates legislative contradictions, leads to gaps in the regulation of one or another type of legal relationship, significantly reduces the level of efficiency of public administration in general and control in particular. Considering this caveat, it is important and necessary, along with borrowing foreign experience, to take into account national traditions and trends in the field of rulemaking and public administration.
 It is noted that the system of state control in the field of ferrous metallurgy in foreign countries is an important and indispensable institution of state administration. The main influence on the part of the controlling bodies of the ferrous metallurgy enterprise in foreign countries is mainly directed by the tax and environmental protection authorities. Positive experience in the implementation of state control in the field of ferrous metallurgy of such countries as the People's Republic of China, Germany, the USA, and Austria should be taken into account by the Ukrainian state when determining the principles of control activity in the specified field of public administration. In addition, it is extremely important, in the context of Ukraine's European integration efforts, to take into account the experience of the European Union states in this area.

Logistics technologies for the potential management of marine and river transport in Ukraine

Logistics technologies for the potential management of marine and river transport in Ukraine

ANALYSIS OF WAGE LEVELS DYNAMICS IN UKRAINE AND THE EU COUNTRIES AS A COMPONENT RESEARCH OF THE LABOUR MARKET CONDITIONS

At the present stage of deepening the processes of Ukraine's European integration, studies of the state and prospects of development of the labour markets of Ukraine and the European Union countries are becoming increasingly relevant, since in recent years, according to some indicators of the labour market functioning, there has been a process of their separation (structural divergence), which has disintegration potential. In particular, one of the structural factors of their divergence is the imbalance in the field of remuneration.The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the dynamics of wages in Ukraine and the European Union as one of the components of the labour market research process. To achieve this goal, the author used a number of general scientific andspecial research methods interrelated and consistently applied in the work: the method of abstraction, theoretical generalisation, analysis and synthesis, induction, graphical and analytical method (graphs of dynamic changes in indicators).Based on a review of the minimum wages in the European Union, it is determined that in 2022 the EU countries will be divided into three groups: with a national minimum wage of more than EUR 1,500 per month; with a national minimum wage above EUR 1,000 but below EUR 1,500 per month; and with a national minimum wage below EUR 1,000 per month.It is established that the EU labour market has gender and cross-country imbalances in remuneration, while the Ukrainian labour market has gender and regional imbalances. It is determined that there are a number of global problems in the labour market. In the area of remuneration, these include low levels of minimum and average wages, excessive differentiation in remuneration in different regions and sectors of the economy, high and growing wage arrears, lack of connection between wages and the level of employee's qualifications and performance, and the existence of shadow remuneration schemes. The labour market conditions in Ukraine are of a falling type, as they are characterised by an excess of demand over supply (a decrease in vacancies and an increase in the number of unemployed) and a decrease in market prices (the real wage index)

Забезпечення поступального розвитку агропромислової сфери харківської області в контексті стратегії смарт-спеціалізації

As of the beginning of 2022, Ukraine was defined as a country with a robust agricultural economy. Along with the growth of such economic indicators as the share in the structure of GDP, investments, gross value added, and the share in paid taxes, the percentage of agricultural products in the structure of exports has increased. As one of the largest suppliers of farm products to the world market, Ukraine essentially played the role of guarantor of world food security. In the context of Ukraine's European integration aspirations and obtaining the status of a candidate state for membership in the European Union, the issue of studying the principles of smart specialization policy, which in the EU countries currently acts as an effective means of encouraging regions to adopt a more strategic approach to their development, is becoming relevant. Stra-tegic development programs in Ukraine's regions are mainly aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of industries, often neglecting agriculture's economic role and investment attractiveness. Before the full-scale military invasion, the Kharkiv region had a powerful resource potential, formed mainly through implementing innovations. A relatively high level of development was demonstrated by manufacturers of industrial goods (mainly in mechanical engineering, pharma-ceuticals, and IT technologies) and in the agri-food sector. Their joint efforts with numerous research institutions and uni-versities will contribute to the progressive development of the region by forming a synergistic effect. At the regional level, good specialization of the agri-food sector is considered a strategy for effective interaction of business entities, scientific insti-tutions, state authorities, etc., to ensure progressive development of both individual enterprises and agro-industrial struc-tures created with the help of integration links by including elements of the value chain. Creating a favorable investment climate in the region and political and organizational support will allow business structures to align their interests with regional and national interests. Keywords: smart specialization, progressive development, agro-food sector, food security, rural areas, innovations, investments.

Media and сultural agenda in the EU countries against the background of russian military aggression in Ukraine (sociological and contextual research)

The relevance of the problem is due to the importance of the media agenda for the information security of society and the state. The purpose of the study is to analyze the formation of a common media and cultural agenda in the EU countries regarding the coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian war since February 2022. The study uses theoretical (analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization and interpretation of results) and empirical (data collection, observation, comparison) research methods. The content of online versions of print media that shape public opinion in Poland and Germany was analyzed. The results showed that the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 led to the formation of a common media agenda in the EU, the unanimous recognition of Russia as a party to the conflict and an aggressor country, the realization of a rethinking of EU international policy and the need to identify new strategic partners. German publications recognize the war as a new reality and raise the issue of mobilizing Europe for collective security. Energy dependence on Russia is recognized as a political mistake, and support for Ukraine's statehood and European integration course is expressed through the theme of common European values and solidarity in the fight against the aggressor. The Polish media demonstrate maximum support for both military and civilian Ukrainians from Polish society, sympathy for refugees, and the need to achieve peace through Russia's military defeat. The cultural agenda in the media of both countries is presented primarily through the topic of preserving monuments threatened by military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The results of the study deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of public opinion formation and its influence on political decisions, and are of practical importance for information security specialists, journalists, politicians, diplomats and anyone interested in the role of the media in civil society.