UG Software Research Articles

Design and Development of a Novel Independent Wheel Torque Control of 4WD Electric Vehicle

In this paper, a novel hybrid vehicle chassis is designed without assisted steering system and its kinematics model, dynamics model as well as a model of the control system. The existing steering mechanism does not provide enough torque or has a shortage of mechanical strength and control. The proposed design has the capability to solve these problems easily. In the first part of this study, the design and development of the vehicle are introduced. After that, a new 4-wheel-drive (4WD) hybrid vehicle chassis including a vehicle platform, a control device, and self-steering mechanism is designed. Its kinematics and dynamics models are built. Furthermore, to optimize the control model and linkage are added between the front and rear bodies. In addition, the new hybrid vehicle chassis has been tested in actual driving. The reliability and feasibility of the vehicle are evaluated by UG software. The open-loop simulation for validation is performed by MATLAB. Finally, traditional proportion-integration-differentiation (PID) control system of the improved model of vehicle chassis is presented. Therein, the PID feedback control loop was employed to track the reference torque of 4-independent wheels. The results are verified using the real-time vehicle. The proposed design is proved feasibility not only has a small turning radius but also has a high control precision, which ensures the flexibility of the vehicle and can control the direction as well. In addition, the proposed design is best for modern agricultural vehicle and can be implemented in commercial and private vehicles.

Biomechanical analysis of the computer-assisted internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture

The number and spatial configuration of the screws will affect the stability and prognosis of the fractures. In our study, we assessed the biomechanical effects of the double-head cannulated compression screw (DhCCS) and ordinary cannulated compression screw (OCCS) for the treatment of femoral neck fractures by using computer finite element analysis. The original digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM)data of a proximal femur were imported into Materialise's interactive medical image control system (MIMICS)software for modeling. Both DhCCS and OCCS 3D-models were obtained by using the 3D scan technique. Using the fracture model and internal fixation assembly model with an inverted triangle, two horizontal and vertical distribution were established in UG software. Next, the displacement and stress distribution were calculated in ANSYS software. The displacement value of the femoral head in the DhCCS group was smaller than that in the OCCS group, and the displacement value in the two horizontal groups was smaller than that in the vertical group. The stress distribution in the DhCCS group was concentrated on the screw rod at the fracture block and thread end, while only at the fracture block in the OCCS group. The stress in the horizontal group was more dispersed on the screws than that in the vertical group. DhCCS has reliable stability for the fixation of femoral neck fractures and applied in the clinical work and 2 horizontal fixation can be used when two screws are selected.

Effects of menopausal factor on fine anatomy of bladder urethra and vagina in women undergoing vaginal delivery

Objective: To explore the effects of menopausal factor on fine anatomy of bladder, urethra and vagina in women undergoing vaginal delivery. Methods: Gynecological patients in Nanfang hospital from January 2013 to October 2016 were collected, and then the patients whose MRI images quality meet the require of reconstruction, with the history of vaginal delivery experience, without any cesarean section experience, and the first labor time was ≤30 years old were enrolled. The patients who had pelvic floor dysfunction when done MRI examinations were excluded. Finally, 238 cases were randomly selected out, and 238 models of data were reconstructed and measured by Mimics and UG software. The independent t test was used to do the comparison between menopausal group and those not yet menopause. Results: First, we built 238 3D models totally. Second, the parameters related with bladder and urethra: the angle of bladder and urethra, β angle, urethra pubic angle, α angle, retropubic space, the length between bladder neck and edge of pubic midpoint, and urethral striated muscle thickness of menopausal group were bigger than those of pre-menopausal group. While for the urethra tilt angle, the former group was smaller than that of the latter group. But there was no significant statistical differences between two groups. Third, the parameters related with vagina: the proximal urethral vaginal gap of the post-menopause group was smaller than that of pre-menopausal group, while for the middle and distal urethral vaginal gap, the former group was bigger than that of the latter group. The length and width of vaginal anterior wall of the post-menopausal group were smaller than those of pre-menopausal group. Beside the middle urethral vaginal gap, all the difference between two groups had no statistical meaning. The 2D shape of axial vaginal, H type occupation of the former group was obviously lower than that of the latter group. Conclusions: Menopause has an effect on fine anatomy of pelvic organ. Especially on the shape of vagina, the middle urethral vaginal gap become much wider after menopause, the occupation of shallow concave type become much higher post-menopausal. It means the lateral and backward support function of the urethra and vagina is relatively weakened after menopausal, and the shape of vagina become smaller.

Loading path optimization of T tube in hydroforming process using response surface method

In this paper, the 3D drawing software UG is used to establish the geometric modeling of T tube for hydroforming process, and the software DYNAFORM is used to simulate the forming performance of T-shaped tube under different loading paths to obtain the simulation value of forming performance parameters. Next, the response surface method is used to analyze the influence of the main factors on hydroforming formability. The loading path, including axial feeding, internal pressure, and backward displacement, and friction coefficient are included in the main factors; the minimum thickness value, the height of branch tube, and the radius of limiting circle angle are considered as important characteristics that govern the forming performance. According to the optimization evaluation criteria, the perturbation plots and the interaction effect of different test factors, the main factors are optimized, and the best value of loading path was selected. Finally, the comparison of simulation and experiment under the optimal loading path shows that the error between experiment and simulation is within 5%, indicating that the loading path optimization method has high accuracy and good feasibility.

Study on hydrodynamic numerical simulation and radical offset characteristics of outflow cone valve

Aiming at the complicated internal flow state of hydraulic cone valve and the effect of fluid force on the performance, radial offset was seldom considered in the research of cone valve, so the inner flow field model of cone valve was established by UG software, and the mesh model was divided by ICEM CFD software. Then, the simulation calculation was carried out by FLUENT. The distribution of steady-state flow force, pressure field, and velocity field under the different opening of the cone valve was obtained. In order to verify the correctness of radial offset, the hydraulic simulation under the same working condition was carried out by AMESim software. Finally, the radial force on both sides of valve core was calculated on the basis of the pressure field on both sides of the valve core. The results show that the radial force difference on both sides of the spool is small when the valve port is small. With the increase of the valve port opening, the radial force difference between the two sides of the valve core changes larger, and finally fluctuating within a certain range. Then, the radial offset value can be calculated by the radial force formula. According to the obtained offset, the simulation and experimental study on the cavitation of the cone valve are carried out. The simulation results of radial offset are verified according to the distribution position of the cavitation, which lay the foundation for the design and performance research of the hydraulic poppet valve.

Influence Analysis of Blade Fracture of Ducted Propellers of offshore platforms on Flow Field

The flow field of ducted propellers in viscous flow is analyzed and calculated with CFD technology, and the flow field and surface pressure distribution of the ducted propeller of offshore platforms with the fracture in different positions of a certain blade are simulated. Firstly, the geometrical models of the ducted propellers are established with UG software and put into the girding caved up by the Gambit. Then the numerical simulations are carried out with CFD, by which the surface pressure distribution of the ducted propellers in open water are calculated using Moving Mesh method. Lastly, the flow field characteristics of ducted propellers with the fracture in different positions of a certain blade are compared, and the result data are analyzed and summarized to gain flow field change laws. The results can be applied in project for reference.

Compound efficient and powerful milling machine tool of blisk

In present, five-axis numerical control (NC) machining center is used to process blisk, and the technology of plunge-milling and side-milling are widely adopted, which results in lower processing efficiency and high total cost. In the present study, first, a new machining technology of blisk is put forward, which is known as multi-milling, namely, disc-milling is used to remove the large margin of blisk’s channel, plunge-milling can expand the size of groove, further forming the surface of channel, and the corner and angle of the channel can be eliminated by side-milling. Second, with one-stage fan blisk of a certain type aircraft engine as an example, the processing efficiency of three different technologies (multi-milling, plunge-milling+side-milling, and side-milling) are studied by means of UG (Unigraphics NX) software. Third, based on the technology of multi-milling, the specific structure of multi-milling machine tool is designed. Last, the verification test is conducted, test results show that the processing efficiency of blisk can be enhanced drastically, finish cost can be reduced greatly with the multi-milling machine tool, which can give a great push to the development of aviation industry.

Transmission Design and Kinematics Simulation of Fixed Gear and Planetary Gear

Based on the theory of 2K-H planetary gear ransmission, a fixed-axis gear planetary gear transmission scheme is designed, the gear meshing parameters are determined, and the theoretical transmission ratio and output speed are calculated. The 3D model software UG NX8.0 is used to build the solid model, and the virtual prototype model is built based on ADAMS 2013 and the kinematics simulation is carried out. The simulation results are compared with the theoretical values. The results show that the errors of speed and gear ratio are 0.43% and 0.50%. The correctness of the design parameters and the credibility of the virtual prototype model are validated, which lays the foundation for further research on the dynamic characteristics of the planetary gear mechanism.

Cathode cross tank and return hole optimization design and experiment verification of electrochemical machining closed integral impeller outside flow channels

Electrochemical machining (ECM) cathode cross tank and return hole design is very crucial to machining aerospace closed integral impeller. In order to improve the precision of electrochemical machining closed integral impeller outside flow channels, the 3D cathode geometry model is developed by UG software, and the cathode structure flow field is simulated by COMSOL software. Through the flow field simulation, the width of cathode cross tank, the diameter, and the number of the electrolyte return holes were optimized. From the velocity cloud diagram, the simulation results show that the flow field is more stable and uniform under the parameters of electrolyte inlet pressure 0.4 MPa, 1.0-mm cross tank width, and the number of electrolyte return hole is 36 with 1.0 mm diameter. To verify the accuracy of the simulation result, the verified experiment was carried out. Finally, the experiment results were consistent with the simulation data. It indicates that electrolyte flow field simulation is an effective method to optimize cathode structure design. Utilizing this method can optimize the cathode structure and enhance the flow field stability during the processing of ECM. It can also reduce the cathode design cycle and cost.

Dynamic analysis of offshore wind turbine blades under the action of wind shear and fluctuating wind

Aiming at large-scale offshore wind turbine blades, governing equations in fluid domain and motion equations in structural domain with geometric nonlinearity were built by the aid of ALE method. A three dimensional model under fluid-structure interaction (FSI) was established by using UG software and Geometry module, and numerical calculation for FSI vibration characteristics of wind turbine blades under the effects of wind shear and fluctuating wind was carried out based on ANSYS Workbench. The results indicate that the contribution of the combined action to displacement and Mises stress chiefly derives from the wind shear effect, which not only causes a comparatively larger increase for the maximum displacement and Mises stress, but also becomes bigger and bigger with the increase of average wind speed, and the fluctuating wind effect is insignificant. The maximum value of Mises stress in the blade section appears at the relative wingspan of 0.55, the maximum Mises stress varying with relative span length decreases progressively from the middle to both sides of the blade, and the contribution of wind shear effect alone, the combined action or wind speed increment to stress also shows the same change rule. Furthermore, in the maximum stress section along wingspan, Mises stress along the direction of blade thickness or chord length respectively presents two distribution laws, and reaches the maximum on the blade surface.

Research and Evaluation on NC Programming and Simulation Based on Keller SYMplus CNC

Keller SYMplus CNC which is developed by Germany’s Keller company is a software which used for NC programming and simulation. This paper described and analyzed the characteristics of Keller SYMplus CNC software in NC programming and simulation from four aspects, model design, rapid manufacturing, machining simulation and post processing. Then compares Keller SYMplus CNC with commonly used NC programming and simulation software UG, MasterCAM, and CAXA from the profile milling and teaching function.

A novel machining of multi irregular surface using improved noncircular turning method

The backplane processing is an important part of the manufacture of electronic communication equipment; the current processing of backplane surface, especially the rough machining, is still using milling; and the production efficiency is quite low. This paper presents a new method to turn with a cylinder for the rough machining of multi backplane surfaces, which is based on a conventional horizontal lathe and uses the improved method of noncircular machining. The performance requirements of fast tool servo (FTS) device and control model for the machining of noncircular surface are analyzed firstly; the position following control strategy is used instead of traditional position interpolation, according to the multi backplane surfaces machining technology and control strategy; and a novel algorithm, which is combined UG (Unigraphics NX) software surface fitting with cubic spline curve fitting of multi backplanes’ space, is proposed for computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software design. Finally, the proposed processing method and CAM model algorithm are proved to be effective through the simulation and actual verifications, the products meet the processing requirements and the processing time of each piece is reduced from 8 to 2 min, and they also greatly improve the production automation and achieve energy saving and emission reduction.

Research on Rigid Body Motion Tracing in Space based on NX MCD

In the use of MCD (Mechatronics Concept Designer) which is a module belong to SIEMENS Ltd industrial design software UG (Unigraphics NX), user can define rigid body and kinematic joint to make objects move according to the existing plan in simulation. At this stage, user may have the desire to see the path of some points in the moving object intuitively. In response to this requirement, this paper will compute the pose through the transformation matrix which can be available from the solver engine, and then fit these sampling points through B-spline curve. Meanwhile, combined with the actual constraints of rigid bodies, the traditional equal interval sampling strategy was optimized. The result shown that this method could satisfy the demand and make up for the deficiency in traditional sampling method. User can still edit and model on this 3D curve. Expected result has been achieved.

Parametric Programming of Multi-Type Holes Using the Improved Genetic Algorithm

For path planning and program generation of multi-type holes, this paper presents a method of the path planning, by using the improved genetic algorithm based on chaos algorithm, and develops an interactive programming system for multi-type holes. Users can choose regular holes, and input the parameters and the necessary information, according to their needs. Then the system will combine holes automatically, and calculate the position coordinates of each hole. After that the path planning is carried out by using the improved genetic algorithm. Finally, the system carries out the simulation experiment of the path planning, and outputs NC program. Experiment shows the system can realize the path planning of multi-type holes by a combination of regular holes and generate the NC code after path planning. The optimization of path is better and the operation is more convenient than UG and other professional CAM software.

Application of UG Software in Mechanical Design

UG software is powerful, and has been widely applied in machine design. The following is an analysis of the development of UG software. It also analyzes the characteristics of use and analyzes the specific application, hoping to give some references to the people concerned.

Study on a Kind of Simulation Training System of Photoelectric Theodolite

A kind of system of target simulation training of photoelectric theodolite is presented. On the basis of the experiment duties, almost 40 operation courses are set according to five modules, which are equipment operation, parameter testing, maintaining, troubleshooting and task flow. Modeling strategy of several kinds of aircraft track is studied and set. The modeling and controlling of the key parts of photoelectric theodolite are achieved with the software of UG and Unity3D. Then the fault waveform of the equipment failure is completed by the soft LabVIEW. With the software Eduis, the multimedia of the operation courses are done. Then scientific and reasonable assessment model is studied and set to evaluate the operation of the trainees. Finally, with the examples of the trainees exams and troops using, it shows the system of target simulation training of photoelectric theodolite meets the requirements.

Vibration Analysis of a Two‐Step Sine Movable Tooth Drive

In this study, a 3D model of a two‐step sine movable tooth drive is developed in the UG software. The finite element model (FEM) analysis package, ANSYS, is used to calculate the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the drive system. The results show that the first twenty natural frequencies can be classified into five families, including the total system vibration mode, single‐element vibration mode, two‐element vibration mode, three‐element vibration mode, and four‐element vibration mode. The effects of the system parameters on the natural frequencies and the vibration modes are investigated. The track amplitude, the movable tooth radius, the radius of the movable tooth rotation, and the number of movable teeth affect the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the drive system.

The computational fluid dynamic modeling of downwash flow field for a six-rotor UAV

The downwash flow field of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), formed by propellers during operation, has a significant influence on the deposition, drift and distribution of droplets as well as the spray width of the UAV for plant protection. To study the general characteristics of the distribution of the downwash airflow and simulate the static wind field of multi-rotor UAVs in hovering state, a 3D full-size physical model of JF01-10 six-rotor plant protection UAV was constructed using SolidWorks. The entire flow field surrounding the UAV and the rotation flow fields around the six rotors were established in UG software. The physical model and flow fields were meshed using unstructured tetrahedral elements in ANSYS software. Finally, the downwash flow field of UAV was simulated. With an increased hovering height, the ground effect was reduced and the minimum current velocity increased initially and then decreased. In addition, the spatial proportion of the turbulence occupied decreased. Furthermore, the appropriate operational hovering height for the JF01-10 is considered to be 3 m. These results can be applied to six-rotor plant protection UAVs employed in pesticide spraying and spray width detection.

Digitized Modeling and Machining Simulation of Equal Base Bevel Gear

In order to achieve the NC machining to the equal base circle bevel gear with a standard cutter, to plan the machining path efficiently and to predict machining interference, based on the equal base circle bevel gear theory, the machining coordinate system for the bevel gear was established, according to gear tooth surface equations of the bevel gears, the tooth surface discretization function was derived, and through the calculation and get the discrete points, the gear surface was modeled in the software UG, and then the planning of the machining path, automatic programming and simulation processing were done. At last, simulation processing, analysis and comparison to the gear surface were carried on with the software VERICUT, improved that the gear surface modeling and NC machining methods were correct and feasible.

Finite Element Analysis of Dynamic Mechanical Responses of Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwich Structures Under Low-Velocity Impact

Honeycomb sandwich structures, composed of many regularly arranged hexagonal cores and two skins, often show excellent impact performance due to strong energy absorption ability under impact loads. This paper studies dynamic mechanical responses of aluminum honeycomb sandwich structures. Parametric geometry modeling using UG software and finite element analysis using ANSYS explicit dynamics module are performed. Finite difference algorithm based on time-stepping integration is used to get the impact displacement, and stress and strain with time. Effects of different impact velocities, core length and wall thickness on the distributions of plastic stress and strain are also explored. Results show that thinner honeycomb side length and thicker wall thickness lead to stronger impact resistance. This research provides theoretical support for promoting optimal design of lightweight structures against impact loads.