Tire Research Articles

Measurement and Analysis of the Influence Factors of Tractor Tire Contact Area Based on a Multiple Linear Regression Equation

Tractor tire three-dimensional (3D) contact area is one of the significant concerns of the soil-tire coupling mechanism, and it influence soil compaction and the sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, we developed a method to measure the 3D contact area of a pneumatic tire using a laser profiler on a signal tire soil-bin testing facility. A 6.00-14 bias-ply tire with high lugs was driven on sandy loam soil in a soil-bin testing facility under different vertical loads, driving speeds, and inflation pressures. Then, we developed a multiple linear regression equation between the influence factors and tractor tire contact area. The results indicated that the contact area was impacted by the three factors involved in this study, and the inflation pressure significantly influenced results, and the combination of high speed (3 m/s), low inflation pressure (69 kPa), and high tire load (2.5 kN) led to a relatively high contact area on the soil-tire contact interface and possible severe soil compaction. Also, we found that the contact area varied in a quadratic manner with speed at a given inflation pressure and tire load and varied in a quadratic manner with inflation pressure at a given speed and tire load and varied linearly with the tire load for a given speed and inflation pressure.

EVALUATION OF E-SCOOTER TYRE PERFORMANCE USING DYNAMOMETER-BASED COAST-DOWN TESTS

AbstractE-scooters have become a popular form of personal transport with millions of E-scooters used worldwide. This paper details an initial investigation into the relative differences in rolling resistance for a range of e-scooter tyres. Tyre performance was measured using dynamometer-based coast-down tests to determine the coast-down distance and coefficient of rolling resistance of each tyre. Insights from testing showed that e-scooter tyres had coefficients of rolling resistance that were 3.5 to 6 times the coefficient of rolling resistance of a 700x32C bike tyre. Comparisons between tyres of similar specification showed the tyres with solid inserts had more rolling resistance than a pneumatic tyre at the rated pressure. Comparisons of equivalent airless and pneumatic tyres the rated pressure indicated airless tyres had slightly better performance in terms of coast-down distance. The results also show how a decrease in tyre pressure increases rolling resistance, highlighting the importance of maintaining rated tyre pressure to improve e-scooter efficiency. The results from this study provide useful insights into the performance of tyres that can be used on low-powered vehicles.

Comparative analysis of small size non-pneumatic tires and pneumatic tires - radial stiffness and hysteresis, selected parameters of the contact patch

Nowadays, non-pneumatic tires are becoming an increasingly likely alternative to pneumatic tires. The function of compressed air has been taken over by the belt and the elastic structure (materials used and shape of the components). The research presented in the paper was carried out in quasi-static conditions. The research's aim was to compare the radial stiffness, hysteresis and selected parameters of the contact patch of two non-pneumatic tires and four pneumatic tires used interchangeably in ATVs/UTVs. Analizowane opony niepneumatyczne charakteryzują się większą sztywnością radialną niż opony pneumatyczne tego samego rozmiaru. The analyzed non-pneumatic tire with a cellular structure has the highest hysteresis of the radial characteristics of the tested wheels and the highest values of the unit pressure in the area of contact patch. The paper also verified two methods of calculating the contact patch length of non-pneumatic tires.

Seasonality of wheeled vehicle tires: technical requirements and legal regulations

The article is devoted to the study of technical requirements and legal regulation of the use of tires on wheeled vehicles, the type of which corresponds to the season. The current legislation of Ukraine in the field of ensuring road traffic safety, which defines the requirements for the technical condition of vehicles and their equipment, as well as legal acts concerning the rules for operating pneumatic tires of certain categories of wheeled vehicles, in particular, the orders of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine "About approval of the Rules for the technical operation of wheels and pneumatic tires of wheeled vehicles of categories L, M, N, O and special machines made on their chassis" dated 07.26.2013 No. 549 and "On Approval of the Rules for the Operation of Wheeled Vehicles" dated 07.26.2013 No. 550. The need to enforce the obligation to use winter/all-season tires on wheeled vehicles of certain categories at the legislative level and to establish administrative liability for the person driving the vehicle for non-compliance with technical requirements, including when tires out of season. The project of the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Safety of Vehicles" dated 19.01.2023 No. 8369 was analyzed, based on which it is proposed to amend Article 37 of the Law of Ukraine "On Road Traffic" regarding the need to install tires on the vehicle, type which corresponds to the season; to Sections 1 and 31 of the Road Traffic Rules, approved by Resolution No. 1306 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 10.10.2001 regarding the establishment at the legislative level of the definitions of winter and summer seasons, the minimum permissible height of the tire tread pattern in the winter season and the obligation to install winter/all-season tires in the specified period for a certain category of vehicles; to the first part of Article 121 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses regarding the establishment of liability for non-compliance with the requirements, according to which the established rules prohibit the operation of a vehicle, including the use of tires, the type of which corresponds to the season.

Design, properties, and applications of non-pneumatic tires: A review

The interest in airless or non-pneumatic tire (NPT) structures emerges due to potential performance and environmental advantages, such as reduced rolling resistance and improved recyclability, when compared with traditional rubber-based pneumatic tires. NPTs can already be found in commercial applications such as forklifts, electric scooters, and wheelchairs. Even so, up to the knowledge of authors, there is no known established large-scale production of NPTs for most applications. This work presents a systematic literature review regarding the mechanical design and development of NPTs. A summary of structural characteristics and mechanical behaviour analysis is provided. Relevant standards, analysis strategies, materials, production techniques, and the end-of-life of tires are addressed. In the end, the authors debate the current challenges and prospects of these emergent products. Furthermore, this research aims at being used as a tool, potentiating the development of innovative and efficient, airless tire solutions. The review presented clarifies that many academic efforts are focused on finding optimal functional designs, which are frequently complex and physically demanding. These geometrically complex design proposals are, in most cases, composed of intricate cellular structures and spokes arrangements. Based on the current lack of knowledge, authors identify key research areas to be further developed such as the production, performance, and reliability of NPTs. It is debatable whether there will ever be a shortcoming of the rubber tire, or a time when fully recyclable tires are a societal obligation. Nevertheless, the number of reasons to promote the development of a reliable replacement to the traditional tire is far from scarce.

Evaluation of chip seal mixture design methods using modified Hamburg wheel tracking test and sweep test

The objective of this study was to identify the most effective chip seal design method and chip sizes by conducting a modified Hamburg wheel tracking test and sweep test. Three chip seal design methods, including Austroads, McLeod, and Vietnam methods, were evaluated to design several chip seal mixtures with varying aggregate sizes (e.g., 12.5, 9.5, 4.75, and 2.36 mm) and binder types. To assess the performance of the chip seal mixtures, aggregate loss and bleeding susceptibility were measured. The sweep test was utilized to determine the amount of aggregate loss caused by the sweeping effect, while the modified Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) test was developed to estimate the aggregate loss caused by the braking effect using a fixed pneumatic rubber tire. Additionally, a modified Hamburg wheel tracking test with a rolling pneumatic rubber tire was used to assess bleeding susceptibility, and the bleeding area was quantified using an image analysis process. The results indicated that the Austroads design method exhibited the lowest aggregate loss compared to the McLeod and Vietnam methods. Moreover, the consistent findings from both the sweep test and modified HWT test demonstrated the feasibility of using the modified HWT test to simulate aggregate loss caused by the braking effect. The bleeding percentage was found to be affected not only by the binder application rate but also by the aggregate size and the number of layers applied. The Austroads and McLeod chip seal mixtures exhibited an approximately 20 % lower bleeding percentage than that of the Vietnam mixtures. Finally, for a single chip seal, a 9.5 mm chip aggregate was determined to be the optimal size, while for a double chip seal, 4.75 mm and 2.36 mm chips were recommended.

Stochastic analysis for in-plane dynamic responses of low-speed uniformity of tires due to geometric defects

Tire uniformity is defined as the dynamic mechanical characteristics of pneumatic tires due to the defects originating in tire components during manufacturing processes. These defects lead to deviations in the structural and material parameters of tires and, in turn, induce variations in the dynamic response. In this scenario, this paper proposes a probabilistic model of the low-speed uniformity analysis for predicting the impacts of the uncertainties in the geometric defects and the vertical load on the dynamic responses. The deterministic coupled rigid–flexible ring model, combined with the generalized polynomial chaos expansion theory, is developed to simulate the radial force variation due to radial run-out. In this approach, the non-uniform tire radius and the vertical load are selected as a set of random variables and are approximated by the generalized polynomial chaos expansions. The distributions of these input variables are identified from 200 measured tires by the Pearson model. A non-intrusive probabilistic collocation method is adopted to evaluate the coefficients of the generalized polynomial chaos expansions, and the selection of collocation points is also illustrated. Finally, the distributions of the radial force variation and its first harmonic due to the geometric defects and vertical loads are predicted in comparison with measurements. Moreover, the distributions of the dynamic response caused by each parameter and different variance levels are discussed and verified by the measurement data from 1130 tires.

Static Stiffness Properties of High Load Capacity Non-Pneumatic Tires with Different Tread Structures

A high load capacity non-pneumatic tire (HC tire) was designed and manufactured to solve the problems of air leakage, puncture, blowout, shoulder void, and delamination, which occur in traditional high load capacity tires, as well as significantly increase the unit load of tires. Experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the static stiffness properties of the HC tire. Additionally, the manufacturing process of the tire was highlighted. The tire mainly comprised polyurethane and silicon manganese steel, and a ‘π’-shaped support substructure was adopted. The tread structure was made up of a built-in spiral steel ring and a non-steel ring. The uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of the used metal and elastomer materials were tested, and the linear elastic constitutive model and Marlow constitutive model, respectively, were used to describe their mechanical characteristics. The stiffness properties of the HC tire, including torsional, longitudinal, vertical, and lateral stiffnesses, were evaluated using a tire comprehensive stiffness tester. Nonlinear finite element models of the HC tire were established, and their accuracies were verified through vertical stiffness tests. The stiffness properties of the HC tire in other directions were simulated as well. An in-depth comparative analysis of the simulation and experimental data was performed. The results demonstrated that the unit load of the unreinforced HC tire was 2.972 times and 1.615 times higher than that of the solid tire and pneumatic tire, respectively. The spiral steel ring embedded in the tread increased the vertical and longitudinal stiffness but reduced the torsional stiffness of the HC tire, thus reversing the variation trend of the lateral stiffness at the 0° and 5° test points. The findings can serve as a reference for theoretical research on, and the structural optimization of, non-pneumatic tires with a high load capacity.

Methodology for the Composite Tire Numerical Simulation Based on the Frequency Response Analysis

Reliability and maintenance analysis in transport focus on the main objective of accident and incident investigations that benefit to better understanding of the causes of accidents and prevention of them in the future. The conducted research presents theoretical and experimental research on composite pneumatic tire used in transport engineering. The approach of the numerical simulation sequence which is offered in this research facilitates engineers in efficient determination of the dynamic properties and behaviour of vehicle tire at design stage. The tire materials have been tested by employing piezoelectric micro-vibration tests and frequency analyses. The Finite Element Method used for numerical simulation in combination with experimental measurements based on optimization by material frequency response, was applied in modelling tire material behaviour avoiding problems of composite structure modelling. The obtained results indicate that the offered methodology can be used in numerical simulation of composite tire investigation and considering material viscos-elastic properties.

Rolling Tires on the Flat Road: Thermo-Investigation with Changing Conditions through Numerical Simulation

A crucial material comprising a pneumatic tire is rubber. In general, the tire, or more specifically, the hysteresis effects brought on by the deformation of the part made of rubber during the procedure, heat up the part. In addition, the tire temperature depends on several factors, including the inflation pressure, automobile loading, car speed, road tire, the environmental conditions, and the tire geometry. This work focuses on using simulations to calculate the temperature and generated heat flow distributions of a rolling tire with constant velocity using the finite element method. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the only components of the tire are rubber, body-ply, bead wire, and the rim. While the other components are believed to be made of a linear elastic material, the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the rubber is characterized by a Mooney–Rivlin model. Investigations are conducted into the combined effects of vehicle loads and inflation pressure. Hysteresis energy loss is used as a bridge to link the strain energy density to the heat source in rolling tires, and their temperature and heat flow distributions may be determined by steady-state thermal analysis. Thanks to the state-of-the-art computing method, the time required for connected 3D dynamic rolling tire simulations is reduced. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the maximum temperature in this paper is attained with high weights, high velocities, and low inner inflated pressures. Overall, the maximum temperature is increased with the rise of all three variables. Moreover, the rise of the friction coefficient between the tread and road surface moves the high-temperature area towards the tread/sidewall connection area.

The method of reasonable selection of a pneumatic tire set for an agricultural tractor

BACKGROUND: The method of reasonable selection of an agricultural tractor tire set is a tool to compare and choose a tire set with the best properties, to analyze the features of tire-soil interaction, to evaluate the feasibility of installing the proposed tire set and to identify ways of tractor design improvement. The relevance of tire set optimal selection for vehicles operating in agriculture is related to the soil compaction by chassis that lead to a change of its structure and agricultural yield reduction. In addition, it is related to low traction properties which increases fuel consumption, reduces performance and accelerate tire wear during operation on soft soils with wheel slip.
 AIMS: The aim of the study is to increase the operation efficiency of an agriculture tractor as part of a machine-tractor unit with the pneumatic tire set selected with the developed method. The research subject is the influence of tire design properties on the tractor operational indicators.
 METHODS: The article presents the method that allows to choose pneumatic tires from a wide range of different models and manufactures according to known and available technical properties for a newly-developed or modified agricultural tractor. A specific feature of method is determination of a generalized parameter of tractor operation and using it for comparison of different tires instead of using individual indicators. Driving wheels pneumatic tires of different sizes and properties for a four-wheel drive general purpose tractor are used in calculation. The method includes analytical determination of agrotechnical, technical, technical-and-economic operational indicators of tractor as well as economic components such as: maximum pressure on soil; a transverse static stability angle of a tractor, a slipping ratio, tire set cost. According to the calculated indicators and tire set cost, a generalized parameter is determined with the Harrington method and used for selection of pneumatic tire set.
 RESULTS: As a result of the method application, tire sets for the K-7M Kirovets agricultural tractor were determined such as: the 710/70R42 tires regarding the main operational indicators of the tractor and the 710/70R38 tires regarding the main operational indicators of the tractor and tire set cost.
 CONCLUSIONS: The given method can be proposed to tractor manufactures for tire set selection, chassis evaluation and identification of ways of design improvement.

Enhanced Tyre Pressure Monitoring System for Nitrogen Filled Tyres Using Deep Learning

Tyre pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) are electronic devices that monitor tyre pressure in vehicles. Existing systems rely on wheel speed sensors or pressure sensors. They rely on batteries and radio transmitters, which add to the expense and complexity. There are two types of basic tyres: non-pneumatic and pneumatic tyres. Non-pneumatic tyres lack air and combine the tyre and wheel into a single unit. When it comes to noise reduction, durability, and shock absorption, pneumatic tyres are more valuable than non-pneumatic tyres. In this study, nitrogen-filled pneumatic tyres were considered due to the uniform pressure management property. Additionally, nitrogen has less of an effect on thermal expansion than regular air-filled tyres. This work aimed to offer a deep learning approach for TPMS. An accelerometer captured vertical vibrations from a moving vehicle’s wheel hub, which were then converted in the form of vibration plots and categorized using pretrained networks. The most popular pretrained networks such as AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet-50 and VGG-16 were employed in this study. From these pretrained networks, the best-performing pretrained network was determined and suggested for TPMS by varying the hyperparameters such as learning rate (LR), batch size (BS), train-test split ratio (TR), and solver (SR). Findings: A higher classification accuracy of 97.20% was obtained while using ResNet-50.

Prediction and Experimental Study of Tire Slip Rate Based on Chassis Sinkage Amount

In view of the problems that the fuselage inclines and the driving straightness is difficult to guarantee due to the sinking and sliding of the wheels when the high-clearance plant protection machine is working in the paddy field, this paper takes high-clearance wheels as the research object, based on the paddy field driving environment, establishes a prediction model of the wheel subsidence through derivation, and explores the influence of different wheel parameters on the subsidence characteristics through experiments, so as to improve the chassis trafficability. At the same time, using the test data under different wheel parameters, the prediction model of the settlement of the working chassis with high clearance is correspondingly modified. Finally, the paddy field trafficability of the working chassis is compared and analyzed based on different tire parameters. The results show that when the wheel slip rate is 0.5, the traction force of the solid tire is 37% higher than that of the pneumatic tire; when the height of the wheel spike increases, the traction force increases, and the settlement decreases obviously; proper increase of the wheel diameter can improve the passing performance of the chassis; with the increase of the tire width, the angle of soil penetration decreases while the tire is driving, and the angle of the slope climbing increases; and when the load changes, the driving coefficient is proportional to the traction coefficient, and the tire resistance coefficient is inversely proportional to the traction coefficient. Through the research on the settlement mechanism of the high-clearance operation chassis and the analysis of the paddy field trafficability, the stability of the high-clearance plant protection machine in the paddy field has been improved, providing a platform and guarantee for subsequent precision operation.

Local Refinement in Isogeometric Analysis of Detailed Tire Models

AbstractIsogeometric Analysis (IGA) and its unconventional basis functions bring undeniable benefits to the numerical analysis of solid bodies with a complex geometrical shape such as pneumatic tires. This approach erases barriers between the stage of design and the computational environment. Preservation of the exact geometrical description of the real body and the nature of functions at hand allow for higher precision of simulations for different physical phenomena.This contribution is aimed to show further developments in the framework for rolling simulation of tires using IGA. The large support of Non‐Uniform Rational B‐Splines (NURBS) provides continuous variable fields along the contact patch. Truncated hierarchical B‐splines (THB‐splines), implemented into an in‐house Finite Element Analysis (FEA) code, improve the modeling of tires by locally refining the contact zone. Global extraction operators bring the hierarchical concept as close as possible to a standard FEA code structure, flattening the set of nested layers of mesh into a sequence of single‐level elements. Furthermore, an algorithm for the computation of the accelerations at material points based on the relative velocities is adapted. The outlook of this development is the intention to use this algorithm in possible combination with analytical models for the in‐situ estimation of forces and to capture certain mechanical behavior which often are not tracked in experiments or hard and too costly to reproduce.The sampling procedure within the hierarchically nested basis is elaborated with attention to required adjustments for the nested parent‐child layered analytical meshes created via the introduction of the selective global multilevel extraction operators. Numerical simulations of rolling tires at steady‐state using IGA are presented. The evaluation and comparison of the developed framework are done using uniformly refined and locally refined models in IGA as well as classical FEA models.

Performance Evaluation of Green Pavement Markings for Bicycle Infrastructure

Bicyclists depend on the visibility of the surrounding environment to maintain a safe travel path. Throughout the country, new types of bicycle infrastructure and pavement markings are being installed. This study used a new procedure to evaluate different pavement markings used in bike lanes. Three different paints were evaluated including green waterborne, green methyl methacrylate (MMA), and thermoplastic paint. The deterioration of these materials was tested under different conditions that simulated wear from motorized vehicles and street equipment. Surface polishing (i.e., repeated passing over the material) was examined under pneumatic tires, steel wheels, and steel scraper blades. Different characteristics were measured including durability, retroreflectivity, color changes, and surface friction of the test materials. The results demonstrated that the procedure used in this study was able to evaluate different materials in a short time compared to field evaluation which often can take years to complete. As expected, the retroreflectivity decreased with the number of polishing cycles. Overall, there was a significant decrease in percent retroreflectivity after 1,000 polishing cycles for all testing conditions before retroreflectivity eventually reached a terminal value. Based on the R2-values, a logarithmic model was suited to best describe the change in the retroreflectivity of markings with respect to loading cycles. The MMA paint experienced the lowest color loss even after 100,000 polishing cycles irrespective of the exposure and the testing conditions. It is believed that the small reduction in color is due to the presence of chemicals coupled with thicker paint of the MMA materials compared to waterborne materials. The durability results demonstrate that the waterborne markings peeled off the surface with increased polishing cycles. These findings will benefit transportation agencies, to predict the performance deterioration of various pavement markings for the bike lanes, and the proposal of new pavement making, while assisting in the schedule for marking maintenance projects.

Analysis and classification of stands for testing pneumatic tires and suspensions of motor vehicles

The improvement of car suspensions and wheels remains one of the most important areas of further development of the automotive industry in order to improve the smoothness and energy efficiency of wheeled and tracked vehicles for various purposes. At the same time, a special role is assigned to bench tests, which significantly reduce the time and resources for the development and fine-tuning of new suspension units and wheels. Well-known stands are classified and analyzed in the article for testing pneumatic tires and suspensions, both realized materially and patented, for the possibility of carrying out loads that occur when a vehicle is moving along road irregularities. The conclusions of the article reflect the need to create a universal single-support stand that allows loading the tested suspension unit and spinning wheel with all known types of static and dynamic loads that occur in real operating conditions. Keywords: suspension, wheel, tire, test bench, types of loads

Development of an Automatic Device for Maintaining Normal Air Pressure in Pneumatic Tires

Development of an Automatic Device for Maintaining Normal Air Pressure in Pneumatic Tires

ОЦЕНКА ПАРАМЕТРОВ ХОДОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ «КУБАНЬ-ЛК1» ПРИ ЗАРАВНИВАНИИ КОЛЕИ

Issues of increasing the reliability of the operation of reclamation systems, using the example of a multi-support sprinkling machine (DM) "Kuban-LK1", operating in motion in a circle, are considered in the work. It has been established that due to the increased mass of the DM structure, it becomes necessary to equip the running systems with propellers with an increased profile width. The use of a disk leveling device is proposed to eliminate the negative impact of the track from the running systems of the DM. It is noted that the Kuban-LK sprinkling machine, whose running systems are equipped with pneumatic tires of size 18.4R24, forms a track of up to 0.30 m or more. Taking into account the constant static pressure on the soil DM, the indicator of movers is justified - the bearing capacity of the soil, determined by the dependence of Professor A.I. Ryazantsev. According to exploratory studies, it was revealed that with an increase in the number of full revolutions of the machine on an irrigated surface, the values of the bearing capacity increase, on average, by 3.5 times, both with and without a leveling device installed, so it becomes necessary to install propellers with an increased specific pressure in comparison with serial samples. It was found in the course of laboratory, as well as laboratory and field tests, that when the DM "Kuban-LK1" moves, one wheel of its running system has a pressure equal to 16 kN, therefore it must be equipped with tires enlarged in profile. It has been experimentally found that the installation of propellers of the specified size reduces the power consumption of gearmotors by 25-26%, and also reduces the area of damage to agricultural products by an average of 33%.

Simulated Coarse Grain Heat‐Affected Zone Transformation Behavior of Newly Developed Zr–Ti–RE Deoxidized High‐Strength Low‐Alloy Steels with Extremely High Impact Toughness

The continuous cooling transformation behavior of the Zr–Ti–RE deoxidized high‐strength low‐alloy steel in the simulated coarse grain heat‐affected zone at different cooling rates (corresponding to different t8/5) is investigated by a Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator in combination with microstructure and mechanical properties analysis. The continuous cooling transformation curve in the simulated heat‐affected zone is plotted, and the transformation law of M/A constituents is systematically investigated. It is found that with the increase of the cooling rate, the dominated microstructure is transformed from pearlite + ferrite into granular bainite and, finally, into lath bainite with the further refinement of M/A constituents. The steel exhibits excellent V‐notch Charpy impact properties at −20 °C under typical heat inputs (20, 100, 500 kJ cm−1). Moreover, acicular ferrite formed on spherical Zr–Ti–RE composite inclusions are observed at the heat input of 100 kJ cm−1. The low‐temperature impact absorbed energy gradually decreases with the increasing heat input due to the coarsening of the microstructure, larger effective grain size, and the reduction in the number of high‐angle variant pairs.

FE Simulation of Truck Tire Manufacturing Process

Pneumatic Tires are one of the most important components in automobiles whether in aviation, 2/3/4 wheels drive or industrial applications. The tire is a complex assembly of numerous products which are assembled on a drum and then cured in a press under heat and pressure. Michelin being one of the premium tire manufacturing company, emphasize on use of latest technology at every stage of Tire manufacturing. The complex tire manufacturing process, from design conception till final assembly is currently simulated at Michelin using inhouse CAD/FEA simulation software. Use of FEA tools in manufacturing process simulation allows engineer to iterate over different mixes and evolving designs. In current scope, pre-defined FE template is developed for Michelin to simulate physical truck tire manufacturing process to allows user to perform automated FE iterations on iterative designs, materials etc improving the result output and increasing the productivity of user. Truck tire manufacturing process from green tire to cured tire is simulated as large displacement, 2d axisymmetric FE analysis with viscous or viscoelastic materials. Results of FE simulation are compared with that of Tire architect post manufacturing to marks effectiveness of FE analysis.