Typology Of Strategies Research Articles

Social Work with No Recourse to Public Fund Migrants: Obstacles and Strategies

Abstract Migrants with no recourse to public funds (NRPFs) are vulnerable to destitution due to the NRPF condition attached to their immigration status. In this quantitative study, fifty-five social workers in England completed an anonymous online survey identifying the obstacles faced in their practice with NRPF migrants and any strategies they developed to overcome these impediments. Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, the study identified four main obstacles when working with NRPF migrants: lack of resources to support NRPF migrants; lack of knowledge/skills; negative attitudes from colleagues and insufficient institutional support. Compared to their local authority counterparts, NHS social workers expressed lower levels of confidence in their knowledge and skill level, and received less specific training, organisational guidance and support in their work with NRPF migrants. A 4-fold typology of strategies used by social workers to overcome obstacles was devised from responses to an open-ended question. In addition to the need for more resourcing, the findings suggest a need for social work education and training on how to effectively support NRPF migrants using extant legislation and agencies, and suggest knowledge exchange to promote inter-agency collaboration.

Data and/as activism: Community-based racial justice data repertoires

This article maps the racial justice data repertoires of 11 community- and university-based projects at the nexus of racial and data justice. To examine them, I propose a typology of these co-occurring data activism strategies. Using a qualitative content analysis of organizations’ public statements ( n = 74), the typology allows me to examine the diverse, strategic nature of racial justice data repertoires. Their wide array reveals the contentious racial politics of data, or the ways data reproduces racial inequalities but can also be mobilized to contest them.

Generic Strategies and Operational Performance of Manufacturing Cement Companies in Kenya.

In an organization, performance is affected by various factors. The performance of the cement industry in Kenya has been adversely affected by the challenge of inadequate employee training, inefficiency, not meeting the targets, inadequate employee development and reduced sales volume. Cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies are used in enhancing the organizational performance. This current study was to determine the influence of generic strategies on performance of manufacturing cement companies in Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine the influence of cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and focus strategy on performance of manufacturing cement Companies in Kenya. Theories guiding the study included; Porter's Competitive Business Strategy Typology, Configuration theory, Result-based View Theory, and Miles and Snow typology. The current study used descriptive research design. The unit of analysis was Cement Companies in Kenya. The unit of analysis was 7 manufacturing Cement Companies in Kenya that include; Bamburi Cement Limited, Mombasa Cement Ltd (MCL), East Africa Portland Cement Company, Savannah Cement Limited ,ARM Cement Limited and National Cement Company . The observation unit was the employees working with these companies. Therefore, the target population was 454 managers of the targeted manufacturing firms. Stratified sampling method was used to group respondents into departments in order to ensure representativeness of all the cases. Simple random sampling method was used to select the respondents. Therefore, the sample size was 189 which represented a 41.6% of the total population. Data was collected using self- administered questionnaire which was on the basis of drop and pick later method. Reliability and validity of research instruments was ascertained. Data was analyzed by means of descriptive as well as inferential statistics. The study found that cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and focus strategy had a positive significant influence on the performance of cement manufacturing companies. The study concluded that a firm following a cost leadership strategy offers products or services with acceptable quality and features to a broad set of customers at a low price. A differentiation strategy enables firm to create a product/service, which is considered unique in some aspect that the customer values because the customer’s needs are satisfied. Focus strategy allows cement companies to concentrate on promotional resources on the sectors that match their quality advantage. The study recommended that the cement companies should diagnose their changing cost economics all the way from the raw materials stage to the final price paid by the ultimate consumer. Cement companies should exploit different ways in which they can make the products and services unique. The cement companies should get to know as much about their customers as they can so that they can anticipate what their customers want, how they want it, when they want it, and most importantly, how they can solve it for them.

Синестетическая метафора и ее воспроизведение в переводе с русского языка на английский: фреймовый анализ

The paper offers speculations and inferences about linguistic synaesthesia and the synaesthetic metaphor. Being a predominant form of linguistic synaesthesia, synaesthetic metaphors make up a specific class of metaphors where the both domains pertain to perception. Despite the attempts to develop concepts explaining translation patterns for encoding linguistic synaesthesia in target languages, there are still no well-designed classifications of translation strategies. Thus, the study aimed to fill the gap and elicit cognitive patterns and strategies used by English-speaking translators when confronted with Russian synaesthetic metaphors. The paper also focuses on the problem of detecting universals and shifts in understanding inter-modal relations across languages and across individual translators. The novelty of the study consists in the development of the original typology of translation patterns and strategies used for synaesthetic metaphors. The combination of several methods developed by different theories, i.e. Frame Semantics, Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Metaphor Translation Studies, was first applied for the study of the synaesthetic metaphor. Such an approach allowed to elicit eight major translation strategies ranging from full or partial reproduction of the intended synaesthesia to a full loss of any synaesthetic effect when the original synaesthetic metaphors were translated into hypallages, comparisons and non-metaphors. Synaesthetic shifts or even omissions of synaesthesia in translation can be accounted for by conceptual-cultural-verbal mismatches between the source and the target languages. However, synaesthesia often gets lost solely due to individual translation solutions, which is easily revealed when different translations of the same metaphor are compared.

Gateway Visuals: Strategies of Climate Photographers in the Digital Age

Visual climate change communication has seen increased scholarly attention in recent years, with a strong focus on science communication. However, less is known about the producers of climate imagery. The current article presents results from interviews with 20 photographers engaged in climate change on the challenges they see for climate photography today and the key strategies they use to achieve reach and impact in the digital media environment. Results indicate that practitioners gravitate toward variations of a “gateway strategy,” in which motives and forms of visual presentation are chosen as gateways to bypass the potential resistance or indifference to climate change messages. The article proposes a typology of such visual gateway strategies.

Implementation strategies in the Exploration and Preparation phases of a colorectal cancer screening intervention in community health centers

BackgroundAdoption of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has lagged in community health center (CHC) populations in the USA. To address this implementation gap, we developed a multilevel intervention to improve screening in CHCs in our region. We used the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to guide this effort. Here, we describe the use of implementation strategies outlined in the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation in both the Exploration and Preparation phases of this project. During these two EPIS phases, we aimed to answer three primary questions: (1) What factors in the inner and outer contexts may support or hinder colorectal cancer screening in North Carolina CHCs?; (2) What evidence-based practices (EBPs) best fit the needs of North Carolina CHCs?; and (3) How can we best integrate the selected EBPs into North Carolina CHC systems?MethodsDuring the Exploration phase, we conducted local needs assessments, built a coalition, and conducted local consensus discussions. In the Preparation phase, we formed workgroups corresponding to the intervention’s core functional components. Workgroups used cyclical small tests of change and process mapping to identify implementation barriers and facilitators and to adapt intervention components to fit inner and outer contexts.ResultsExploration activities yielded a coalition of stakeholders, including two rural CHCs, who identified barriers and facilitators and reached consensus on two EBPs: mailed FIT and navigation to colonoscopy. Stakeholders further agreed that the delivery of those two EBPs should be centralized to an outreach center. During Preparation, workgroups developed and refined protocols for the following centrally-delivered intervention components: a registry to identify and track eligible patients, a centralized system for mailing at-home stool tests, and a process to navigate patients to colonoscopy after an abnormal stool test.ConclusionsThis description may be useful both to implementation scientists, who can draw lessons from applied implementation studies such as this to refine their implementation strategy typologies and frameworks, as well as to implementation practitioners seeking exemplars for operationalizing strategies in early phases of implementation in healthcare.

Diversify or die: Strategy options for oil majors in the sustainable energy transition

Mitigating climate change requires an urgent transition of the oil and gas industry. We develop two typologies of the corporate strategy and diversification options for international oil companies (IOCs) in the sustainable energy transition. Data from semi-structured interviews with oil industry professionals are thematically analysed and considered in the context of the wider literature. The resulting framework of corporate strategy options is more comprehensive than has been previously published. We find gaps in the companies' strategic readiness for the energy transition, especially in preparing for the ramp-down of the fossil fuel-based core business. Diversification options are evaluated in terms of the fit between different strategies and companies' capabilities. Many diversification options fit at least some of the existing capabilities of oil majors, but while there is potential for the companies to contribute positively to the energy transition, the current scale of change remains inadequate for meeting global climate goals. The strategic dilemma that the energy transition creates for IOCs is an essentially existential one. Future research should investigate whether IOCs can and should play an active part in the sustainable energy transition and how to drive the necessary action.

Workplace ostracism: A process model for coping and typologies for handling ostracism

Workplace ostracism has become today's harsh reality. Research concerning ostracism has proliferated in the past two decades. But, not much attention is paid to the process of coping with workplace ostracism. As a result, several aspects of this interpersonal mistreatment remained overlooked. For instance, how employees form perceptions of ostracism, how they cope with it over time, and what factors explain variations in their perceptions, experiences, and coping strategies are not much explored. To address these gaps, we present a “Process Model” grounded on relational/stress theories, namely, sociometer and COR theory, to explicate employees' journey of coping with ostracism. Additionally, our model illustrates personal/organizational factors influencing stages of the coping process. Further, we present the first-ever two-by-two typologies of employees' coping strategies and organizational/HR strategies for tackling workplace ostracism demarcated along two dimensions. Finally, we discuss theoretical/practical implications and future research directions.

Tools, Masters, and Houses: Exploring Leveraging as a Strategy Used by Religious Women Seeking Change

Abstract: Religious women see their faith as an important component in their lives and want it to be a positive and constructive force. However, at times they wish to bring about change that affects the religious sphere. Such changes—even if they are minor—require actions that are not always accepted favorably by religious authorities. Religious women must devise strategies to bring about the change they wish to see. Using a typology of strategies employed by religious feminists when dealing with religious systems and the role the state plays in this relationship, this article explores the strategy of leveraging based on two case studies. The first, focusing solely on Jewish women in Israel, examines the issue of ritual immersion in state-owned baths. The second explores marriage captivity in Israel and the Netherlands and involves Jewish Orthodox and Muslim women in both countries (as well as others). The article demonstrates the strategy of leveraging and discusses its potential as a tool for change, concluding with suggestions for future research.

Tools, Masters, and Houses: Exploring Leveraging as a Strategy Used by Religious Women Seeking Change

Abstract: Religious women see their faith as an important component in their lives and want it to be a positive and constructive force. However, at times they wish to bring about change that affects the religious sphere. Such changes—even if they are minor—require actions that are not always accepted favorably by religious authorities. Religious women must devise strategies to bring about the change they wish to see. Using a typology of strategies employed by religious feminists when dealing with religious systems and the role the state plays in this relationship, this article explores the strategy of leveraging based on two case studies. The first, focusing solely on Jewish women in Israel, examines the issue of ritual immersion in state-owned baths. The second explores marriage captivity in Israel and the Netherlands and involves Jewish Orthodox and Muslim women in both countries (as well as others). The article demonstrates the strategy of leveraging and discusses its potential as a tool for change, concluding with suggestions for future research.

Argumentation strategies in lobbying: toward a typology

PurposeThis paper develops a typology of argumentation strategies used in lobbying. Unlike in other strategic communication functions such as crisis or risk communication, such typologies have not been proposed in the sub-field of public affairs.Design/methodology/approachThe article synthesises the strategic communication, political communication and policy studies literature and employs exchange theory to explain the communicative-strategic exchange in public affairs. It showcases its explanatory potential with illustrative examples from Big Tech lobbying.FindingsThe paper describes that categories of argumentation strategies that a public affairs professional will choose are based on the contingency of the issue, policy objective and lobbying objective. The descriptive typology will require empirical testing to develop further.Social implicationsThe paper describes how public affairs professionals influence public policy through their argumentation strategies, which sheds light on the usually opaque activities of lobbying.Originality/valueThe proposed typology is the first of its kind for the field of public affairs. Beyond, it contributes communication-scientific insights from a rhetorical tradition to strategic communication research and other social science fields where lobbying is studied, e.g. policy studies.

A corpus-based study of euphemising body parts in Arabic subtitles

Drawing on prior taboo classifications and euphemism strategies, this study investigates the euphemisms that result from subtitling private body part-related taboo words (PBPRTW). The study utilised quantitative (frequencies and percentages) and qualitative approaches based on subtitler’s linguistic choices and the reasons behind their selection. The sample comprises 75 Hollywood feature films and their Arabic correspondences based on six criteria. The study adopts Pinker’s (2007) and McEnery’s (2006) for taboo language classifications and Al-Adwan’s typology for euphemism strategies, which draws upon Williams (1975), Warren (1992), and Davies (2003). The PBPRTW were selected on the basis of their frequent occurrence in the corpus, appearing more than 150 times. They serve various functions, including descriptive, abusive, referential, and idiomatic. The findings indicated that only approximately 5% of obscene words are retained in Arabic subtitles, while 95% of the English subtitles in the corpus are toned down, euphemised, or omitted. The study identified seven euphemistic strategies employed in dealing with PBPRTW in Arabic subtitles: metaphorical transfer, preservation, implication, metonymy, semantic misrepresentation, and widening. These findings have some implications for subtitlers when translating PBPRTW.

Business strategy and the cost of equity: the mediating role of accounting information quality

PurposeThe study examines the mediating role of accounting information quality (AQ), a proxy for firms' information risk, in firms' business strategy and the cost of equity (COE) nexus to highlight how AQ provides a mechanism through which a company's business strategy affects its COE.Design/methodology/approachThe research study utilises data from 12,100 firm-year observations of United States (US) non-financial firms from 2001 to 2017, drawn from multiple databases, and employs the bootstrapping method of mediation analysis to test the indirect effect of AQ on the business strategy–COE relationship. The authors rely on Miles and Snow's two pure business strategy typologies, prospectors and defenders and use innate accrual quality and implied COE models to measure AQ and COE, respectively.FindingsThe results suggest that AQ partially mediates the relationship between business strategy and COE. The authors document that while innovative-oriented prospector firms have a lower AQ and a higher implied COE, efficiency-oriented defenders are associated with a higher AQ and lower COE. The higher (lower) COE of prospector (defender) firms is observed to be partly due to their lower (higher) AQ. The results indicate that while the idiosyncratic risk implied in firms' strategic orientation can directly influence their COE, the business strategy implications on firms' COE can be indirect through their AQ, a source of information risk.Research limitations/implicationsDue to data limitation, it was not possible to measure all possible methods of measuring implied COE.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights the role of firm's business strategy in pricing decisions by investors.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence that AQ, a proxy for information risk, is a mechanism through which business strategy affects firms' COE. The authors thus complement extant literature to empirically test the information risk effect inherent in strategic orientation on security pricing.

The analysis and quality assessment of translation strategies in subtitling culturally specific references: Feathers

Subtitling poses significant challenges, particularly when dealing with culturally specific/bound source texts (STs). This research paper aims to identify and assess the strategies employed by professional translators in rendering culturally specific references from Egyptian Arabic into English in the award-winning Egyptian movie, Feathers. In this study, Pedersen's (2011) typology of translation strategies was utilized to identify the strategies employed, while Pedersen's (2017) functional equivalence, acceptability, and readability (FAR) model was employed to assess the quality of the subtitles. The findings revealed the utilization of Pedersen's suggested strategies, excluding the use of official equivalents, with a prevalent adoption of target-text-oriented (TT-oriented) strategies, such as substitution, generalization, and omission. Additionally, the results indicated that formality represents an additional translation strategy that coexists with other strategies, rather than being a media-specific constraint. Moreover, the quality assessment demonstrated that the majority of the subtitles exhibited high quality, with only a few minor errors observed, primarily related to functionality.

Strategies of adaptation of older people in post-covid time in the city and in rural areas

The article discusses strategies for the adaptation of elderly people in post-retirement time in a federal city and rural areas. Based on the analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews with elderly people from St. Petersburg and villages of the Republic of Karelia, the author’s typology of adaptation strategies for this category of citizens is presented.The study identifies three strategies that differ in their views on the adaptation process. The classification of adaptation strategies was carried out on the basis of a thematic analysis of interviews, which made it possible to identify key topics in which the elderly indicated how they cope (or do not cope) with new living conditions, as well as comprehend how their adaptation occurs. The highlighted strategies showed that the main difference is the availability of certain resources, as well as trust in the media and public authorities to adapt to new times and the ability to quickly adapt to the changing, transforming temporality of the modern world. The strategies outlined in the study allow us to consider how the specifics of the perception of age is transformed depending on the acceptance or rejection of changes occurring in the post-teen period. The results of the study showed that reaching retirement age is a factor that, among other things, makes it difficult for older people to adapt. At the same time, it is important to search for retirement activities that can contribute to better adaptation of the elderly. Initiatives and social policy measures implemented in relation to retired elderly people (especially those aged 75 and older) do not contribute to the full participation of this category of citizens in various types of activities.

A Grounded Theory of Credibility Work and Illness: Explication and Application to the Case of Women on Trial in Health Care

We make the communicative labor of illness credibility explicit by moving the concept of work into critical interpersonal theory to develop a grounded theory of credibility work. Synthesizing multi-disciplinary literature and drawing on interviews with 36 women in the United States whose health issues have been dismissed by health care providers, friends, and family, we forward a definition of credibility work, six postulates about its nature, and a broad typology of credibility work strategies. We then apply our theory to the data, contextualizing the strategies women engaged with their health care providers using the metaphor of a trial— building a case and presenting the case—and including the communicative double binds that accompanied their efforts. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this research, namely attention to the cultural, material, and embodied significance of communication labor endured to be believed, understood, and taken seriously for health issues.

Stories in management education: Relevance, insights, and perspectives

This study aims to integrate and consolidate academic knowledge about stories in management education. This research is based on a systematic review of national and international academic production. The analysis of identified research resulted in three central categories to explain the field: relevance (communication, engagement, creativity, politics, change, moral, and emotion), knowledge (typologies of stories, management practices, and teaching strategies and learning), and perspectives (storytelling and story writing). By elaborating a structured view of stories in management education, the results of this research contribute to structure, to stimulate, and to guide future research.

Translating Routine Phrases from Arabic into English: Between Functional Translation and Cultural Specificity

ABSTRACT Phraseological units are essential components of any language or culture. Recognizing and appropriately interpreting these units reveals that the entire expression or work of art has been translated correctly. The translation of phraseological units is a current topic in translatology. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the translation of phraseological units from Arabic into English. However, the study of routine phrases has received insufficient attention in the Arabic and English academic communities. Routine phrases are phraseological units that lack textual independence and integrate specific communicative contexts with vital psychological and social functions. Therefore, two key differences set the current study apart from the previous studies. First, it sheds light on the challenges that translators experience in rendering routine phrases. Second, it explores translators’ coping strategies in translating complex, local, and popular phrases from Arabic into English when adopting darija “vernacular” and fusha “standard” language simultaneously in the same literary work. Addressing these areas would shed light on the extent of challenges that translators experience in translating routine phrases, particularly within the context of the Arabic vernacular language. This knowledge would also be valuable in revising the typology of functional translation and cultural specificity strategies.

Business strategy and strategic deviation in accounting, finance, and corporate governance: A review of the empirical literature

AbstractWe review the empirical archival literature on the consequences of business strategy and strategic deviation on accounting, finance, and corporate governance outcomes. We use Miles and Snow's (Organizational strategy, structure, and process. McGraw‐Hill, 1978; Organizational strategy, structure and process. Stanford University Press, 2003) strategy typology that has been quantified using financial statement data by Bentley et al. (Contemporary Accounting Research, 2013, 30, 780). Research has used this strategy score to investigate the consequences of firms following two distinct strategies namely, prospectors versus defenders, on various organisational outcomes. Our survey provides mixed evidence on the relationship between business strategy, financial reporting quality, finance outcomes, and corporate governance including corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. We offer some suggestions for future research.

Strategies for translating machine errors in automatically generated texts (using GPT-4 as an example)

The article discusses the strategies of translation of «machine texts» on the example of generative transformers (GPT). Currently, the study and development of machine text generation has become an important task for processing and analyzing texts in different languages. Modern technologies of artificial intelligence and neural networks allow us to create powerful tools for activities in this field, which are becoming more and more effective every year. Generative transformers are one of such tools. The study of generative transformers also allows developers to create more accurate and efficient machine translation algorithms, which improves the quality of translations and improves the user experience. In this context, the features of machine texts created by generative transformers, their patterns, errors and imperfections, which require special translation strategies, deserve special interest. Today we can say that the generation of unique and relevant texts is a routine task that has been automated. Nevertheless, certain restrictions for the use of such texts still exist, in particular, their use requires the use of appropriate translation strategies. The paper proposes the author’s typology of translation strategies, where, taking into account the features of AST, it is proposed to add a substrategy of tertiary-moderation translation.