Initial Typology Research Articles

Good Friends Have Boundaries: Provider Strategies for Creating Support Boundaries in Friendships

ABSTRACT Minimal social support research has studied support boundaries, defined as a support provider’s parameters around the amount and/or type of support they are willing to offer. I argue that evaluating support boundary creation is one communicative pathway for understanding difficult supportive relationships and how support providers navigate no longer offering the same amount and/or type of support to their friends. Analyzing 22 semi-structured, narrative-focused interviews, this study proposes an initial typology for how support providers create support boundaries. Participants utilized indirect (i.e., implicit strategies and behaviors to minimize support seeking and provision), direct (i.e., explicit parameters around the support they were willing to provide), and collaborative (i.e., open and honest conversations with their friend to establish mutually agreed upon expectations) support boundary creation strategies with their friends. By creating boundaries skillfully, providers can mitigate and manage potential negative outcomes of support, as well as protect themselves and their friendships. Investigating how providers create support boundaries is crucial for current research gaps in understanding challenging supportive relationships from the provider’s perspective, and how support providers navigate discrepancies between their needs and the needs of support seekers.

The typology of drones-based initiatives by Italian museums

ABSTRACT This study explores the emerging role of drones in museum management, with a special focus on the Italian context. Despite their prevalent use in other fields, drones remain underexplored in the museum sector outside of their archaeological applications. This study develops a comprehensive typology of drone applications in museums, with the aim of providing a roadmap for both academics and practitioners. In a multiple case study conducted across 18 Italian museums, the authors interviewed directors and staff involved in 34 drone-based projects. The findings reveal the diverse applications of drones, from marketing and heritage conservation to security and research, highlighting their potential to add value to heritage assets and visitor experiences. This paper also discusses the organisational implications of drone technology in museums, including strategy integration, privacy concerns and opportunities for cross-departmental collaboration.

Beyond academic development as institutional practice: advancing community-led approaches

ABSTRACT We introduce the special issue entitled ‘Beyond academic development as institutional practice: advancing community-led approaches’ and offer critical commentary that advances the concept and practice of academic community development. Through repeated readings of the 10 articles from diverse contexts included in this issue, we draw out four main themes highlighting why and how academic communities beyond single institutions support academic development. First, we revise the initial conceptual framework of ‘academic community development (ACD)’, which focused the call for papers, presenting six dimensions rather than the previous three continua. Then, we consider the degree of ‘institutionalisation’ of this range of initiatives. From that analysis, we derive a typology of ACD initiatives. We then consider a) what common interests have been served by these communities, and whose they are; b) the focus of these communities in relation to the revised conceptual framework; and c) the essential ingredients for success. We emphasise that communities leverage assets in ways that traditional needs-based academic development often does not. We conclude with implications for typical academic development work.

An initial typology of approaches used by policy and practice agencies to achieve sustained implementation of interventions to improve health

BackgroundScientific investigation of how to sustain the implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBI) is emerging. Sustaining the implementation of EBIs helps ensure their effects on improving health endure. External policy or practice agencies, such as government health departments, are often tasked with supporting individual organisations with sustaining their delivery of EBIs, for example, through financing, training or the provision of other supports. However, to our knowledge, the approaches taken by policy and practice agencies to support the sustainment of EBIs have not been consolidated, categorised and described as a typology.Main bodyTo improve conceptual clarity and support both research and practice, we developed an initial working typology of the practical approaches to sustain implementation of EBIs (i.e. sustainment) in order to improve long term health from the perspective of these agencies. The working typology includes three broad approaches. The first, termed ‘Self-Sustainment’, is when implementation of the EBI by an organisation (e.g. hospital, clinic, school) is expected to continue (sustain) in the absence of external (agency) support. The second, termed ‘Static Sustainment Support’, involves the provision of pre-defined external (agency) support to assist organisations to continue implementation of an EBI. The final approach is termed ‘Dynamic Sustainment Support’, whereby support provided by an external agency is dynamic (continues to be adapted) overtime to assist organisations continue implementation of an intervention which may itself also evolve.ConclusionsWe describe the contexts and circumstances where each may be most appropriate in achieving sustained implementation and discuss their research and practice implications.

Studying of psycholinguistic features of doctors' professional communication under war conditions.

Aim: Studying of psycholinguistic features of doctors' communication competence in Ukraine under war conditions. Materials and Methods: Bibliosemantic method; method of system analysis, comparison and generalization; empirical methods - direct observation of the doctors' and patients' living language, typology of empirical data according to socio-demographic indicators. Results: Within the study, 286 dialogues were collected. With voluntary consent, they were recorded in video and audio formats in compliance with ethical, bioethical, and legal norms. Next, initial typology of dialogues, their lexical and semantic analysis with identification of typical positive and negative communicative strategies were carried out. With the help of the ≪Textanz≫ specialized computer software, 48 dialogues were subjected to the content analysis procedure for two separate ≪Doctors≫ and ≪Patients≫ samples. Conclusions: The results of the analysis of ≪Doctor-Patient≫ dialogues enabled identifying and describing psycholinguistic markers of typical physiological, mental, social, and spiritual states of individuals seeking medical help under martial law. Thus, the markers of positive emotional states (optimism, confidence, empathy, etc.) and affective, negative emotional processes (anxiety, fear, anger, aggression, sadness, depression, etc.) were identified.

THE VARIETY OF «POSSIBLE WORLDS» AS THE MAIN SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURE OF MODERN YOUTH SOCIALIZATION

Centre for System Analysis and Strategic Research, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus The article deals with the actual problem of socialization of modern youth from the point of view of such a socio-psychological feature as the presence of «possible worlds» affecting young people.The life world of a modern young person is formed in the conditions of the existing variety of «possible worlds», each of which has one or another influence on the socialization of young people. The purpose of the study is to build the initial typology of such «possible worlds». The author of the article gives numerous interpretations of scientists from various fields of knowledge about the artistic world, the external and internal worlds, about the virtual and real, about the world of models and simulacra, and many others. A multidimensional picture of the worlds surrounding modern youth is being created and providing ample opportunities for the realization of creative abilities, the accumulation of knowledge, the mastery of various skills and abilities, the formation of competencies. The socio-psychological conditions of socialization provided by modernity are designed to create a versatile, creative personality capable of adapting to the rapidly changing conditions of modern society.

ON SOME PECULIAR TERRACOTTA NAILS FOUND IN AMYAN (KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ)

In 2019, three fragments of terracotta nails were discovered at the site of Amyan (Kurdistan region of Iraq, Duhok Governorate), probably dated to the second half of the second millennium B.C. Typologically unprecedented, they nonetheless belong to the well-known category of nails found throughout Mesopotamia and Susiana, dating from the fourth to first millennia B.C. This article publishes the nails from Amyan and also contextualises them by comparing them to other terracotta nails found in northern Mesopotamia and dated to the second half of the second millennium B.C. By doing so, I ultimately propose an initial typology of these objects.

Strategies to support substance use disorder care transitions from acute-care to community-based settings: a scoping review and typology

BackgroundAcute-care interventions that identify patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), initiate treatment, and link patients to community-based services, have proliferated in recent years. Yet, much is unknown about the specific strategies being used to support continuity of care from emergency department (ED) or inpatient hospital settings to community-based SUD treatment. In this scoping review, we synthesize the existing literature on patient transition interventions, and form an initial typology of reported strategies.MethodsWe searched Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL and PsychINFO for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2021 that studied interventions linking patients with SUD from ED or inpatient hospital settings to community-based SUD services. Eligible articles measured at least one post-discharge treatment outcome and included a description of the strategy used to promote linkage to community care. Detailed information was extracted on the components of the transition strategies and a thematic coding process was used to categorize strategies into a typology based on shared characteristics. Facilitators and barriers to transitions of care were synthesized using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.ResultsForty-five articles met inclusion criteria. 62% included ED interventions and 44% inpatient interventions. The majority focused on patients with opioid (71%) or alcohol (31%) use disorder. The transition strategies reported across studies were heterogeneous and often not well described. An initial typology of ten transition strategies, including five pre- and five post-discharge transition strategies is proposed. The most common strategy was scheduling an appointment with a community-based treatment provider prior to discharge. A range of facilitators and barriers were described, which can inform efforts to improve hospital-to-community transitions of care.ConclusionsStrategies to support transitions from acute-care to community-based SUD services, although critical for ensuring continuity of care, vary greatly across interventions and are inconsistently measured and described. More research is needed to classify SUD care transition strategies, understand their components, and explore which lead to the best patient outcomes.

Typology and social network of grassroots initiatives that promote agroecology in Mexico

ABSTRACT The study aims to typify the diversity of grassroots initiatives in Mexico, the circumstances (e.g. historical, social, ecological) in which they emerge, and the roles and power relationships they establish with different stakeholders to promote agroecology. It addresses the need to comprehend how grassroots initiatives contribute to social change and the massification of agroecology in Mexico. Analysis was done using PCA and social network analysis from 167 surveys. Results show that grassroots initiatives impact 18 indigenous groups in the center and south of Mexico, and focus on eco-friendly production, social justice, popular education, and food markets. Initiatives started because of three tipping points that responded to neoliberal policies, relocating local food and massifying agroecology. There are 13 types of stakeholders that promote agroecology and influence grassroots initiatives.

The MaaS concept in the field as of 2021: Typology of implementations based on an international panorama

MaaS (Mobility as a Service) is a recent concept embodying the integration of different transport modes and services via a single user interface which unifies one or several out of the following commercial functions: planning, booking, payment, and ticketing. This article seeks to develop a framework for MaaS analysis and present a panorama of MaaS initiatives in the Northern hemisphere as of 2021, in order to understand the practical meaning behind the MaaS concept. The analysis framework is based on a literature review of previous MaaS definitions and involves seven facets. The panorama of initiatives contains 30 implementations, of which 17 are out of Europe – from North America to Eastern Asia. From the characterization of the different initiatives, by conducting a cluster analysis, we derive a novel typology of MaaS initiatives in 6 categories.

Micro-Contact in Southern Italy: Language Change in Southern Lazio under Pressure from Italian

This paper explores a novel case of contact-induced change due to micro-contact within Italy, where various Italo-Romance languages coexist (Standard Italian, Italiano Regionale ‘regional Italian’, and numerous local languages). Although morphosyntactic change due to micro-contact is probably widespread across Italy, it has received almost no attention in the literature. This case study involves the complementizer system of the local language Ferentinese (Southern Lazio), which underwent restructuring over a very brief period. I claim that this change is a case of downward reanalysis from Force to Fin within the split CP, triggered by the regression of the subjunctive and its subsequent replacement by a new complementation strategy. In turn, I argue that this change was the by-product of an increase in the number of complementizers in the language, from two to three, due to micro-contact between Ferentinese and Italiano Regionale. Crucially, the latter furnished a complementizer form (che) identical to one already present in the Ferentinese system, leading to reanalysis. Thus, in addition to reporting on a novel case of micro-contact in Italy, this paper illustrates one pathway to the genesis of a rare three-way complementizer system and sketches an initial typology of how related complementizer systems have changed in diachrony.

Struggling to counter school segregation- a typology of local initiatives in Sweden

ABSTRACT Swedish compulsory schools are committed to work for equality and social cohesion. Increasing school segregation, however, challenges this commitment. Based on survey data from Swedish municipalities, this article maps and analyses local initiatives that counteract school segregation. We identify three main types of initiatives—reinforcement, dispersal, and merging—and the exogenous (school external) and endogenous (school internal) drivers involved in each of them. The analysis reveals several gaps between the national level, the municipal level and local schools that hamper local efforts to counter school segregation. This article contributes to increased knowledge on how local initiatives of counteracting segregation are constrained by national policies about school choice and independent versus municipal schools, but also how local initiatives tend to focus on organizational dynamics rather than on social and pedagogical processes.

From Militant Democracy to Normal Politics? How European Democracies Respond to Populist Parties

Problems with militant democracy and democratic defence approaches – a new typology of initiatives opposing populist parties: democratic defence as ‘normal politics’ – populist opponents: public authorities, parties and civil society – tolerant and intolerant modes of engagement with populists – intolerant initiatives opposing populist parties – rights restrictions by public authorities – ostracism by political parties – coercive confrontation by civil society actors – tolerant initiatives opposing populist parties – ‘ordinary’ legal controls and pedagogy by public authorities – forbearance by political parties – adversarialism by civil society actors

Typology of Deflation-Corrected Estimators of Reliability.

The reliability of a test score is discussed from the viewpoint of underestimation of and, specifically, deflation in estimates or reliability. Many widely used estimators are known to underestimate reliability. Empirical cases have shown that estimates by widely used estimators such as alpha, theta, omega, and rho may be deflated by up to 0.60 units of reliability or even more, with certain types of datasets. The reason for this radical deflation lies in the item–score correlation (Rit) embedded in the estimators: because the estimates by Rit are deflated when the number of categories in scales are far from each other, as is always the case with item and score, the estimates of reliability are deflated as well. A short-cut method to reach estimates closer to the true magnitude, new types of estimators, and deflation-corrected estimators of reliability (DCERs), are studied in the article. The empirical section is a study on the characteristics of combinations of DCERs formed by different bases for estimators (alpha, theta, omega, and rho), different alternative estimators of correlation as the linking factor between item and the score variable, and different conditions. Based on the simulation, an initial typology of the families of DCERs is presented: some estimators are better with binary items and some with polytomous items; some are better with small sample sizes and some with larger ones.

“Thy Words Do Finde Me Out”: Aaron Kunin’s Love Three

“Thy Words Do Finde Me Out”: Aaron Kunin’s <i>Love Three</i>

Designing mental health promotion campaigns: segmenting U.S. Veteran audiences to address public stigma

Background Public stigma is a significant deterrent to mental health service use for U.S. veterans. Media campaigns are often used to dispel stigmatizing beliefs and actions. Segmentation is an evidence-based practice for their effective use; however, little data has been published on veteran segments to target with anti-stigma messages. Aims This article aims to identify and describe initial typologies of stigmatizing attitudes within a group of U.S. military veterans. Methods Telephone-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted with a national random sample of veterans from 2014 to 2016 (N = 2142). Stigma outcomes were measured using a brief, validated instrument used in population-based surveys of public perceptions toward people with mental illness. Cluster analysis was conducted to identify specific groupings along multiple dimensions. Results A final four-cluster solution was identified among veterans with distinct patterns of attitudes toward mental illness and include: 1) the undecided, 2) the influencer, 3) the ambivalent, and 4) the potential ally. Several strategies were also identified for designing anti-stigma messaging toward these segments. Conclusions This research demonstrates veterans can be segmented by attitudes to target with anti-stigma campaign messages.

Clean Air Action: Applications of Citizen Science to Identify and Address Air Pollution Emission Sources

Growing awareness of the health and environmental burden of air pollution combined with access to new low cost air pollution monitors has helped drive the explosion of citizen science initiatives. Despite this momentum, there remains little public attention to the sources or drivers of air pollution. Without greater emphasis on source awareness, scientists or community members using citizen science techniques cannot effectively identify or target interventions that cut emissions or build pressure for policies that hold specific polluters accountable to legal pollutant limits or best practices. To help understand how citizen science initiatives reflect or focus on sources of air pollution, this paper presents reflections from a purposive literature review of 33 case studies. Specifically it provides insights and a typology of citizen science initiatives that characterize how citizen science initiatives impact air pollution sources and provides recommendations for future approaches that could strengthen participatory science focused on pollution sources.

Chill, Fiery, Slack, and Five Other Vibes: A Phenomenological Inquiry into Group Mood

Even though group mood has a significant impact on organizational functioning, there is no typology available to describe distinct group moods. We propose that designing products and services to facilitate beneficial group mood experiences requires a granular and experience-oriented understanding of the phenomenon. This article introduces an initial typology of eight group moods using a componential approach. The typology was generated via an exploratory study designed to identify aspects and qualities of group mood experienced in professional settings. We observed real-life meetings of five small workgroups. Group mood perceptions were self-reported in situ and later described collectively in a group session. By categorizing the group mood qualities in participants’ descriptions, we developed eight group mood types. This typology aims to facilitate a granular understanding of the group mood phenomenon for designers (practitioners and researchers). We envision this overview of eight group moods as the first step toward developing a systematic knowledge of group mood in the field of design.

Signaling irony, displaying politeness, replacing words

Abstract This paper aims to identify and define the different linguistic functions that emoji can carry in French and English computer-mediated discourse (CMD). Emoji are graphical icons, representing attitudes or concepts, that can be used on any smartphone or computer with a variety of communicative roles inside a conversation. Using a multimodal corpus containing 1200 emoji and the messages in which they were used, we tested an initial typology of emoji functions inspired by previous frameworks. The quantitative analysis of the data, along with the detailed examination of specific examples, led to the construction of a new, more refined typology consisting of three primary functions (expressive, interpretative and referential) and five secondary functions (relational, politeness, emphatic, structural and aesthetic).

Islandscapes and Sustainable Creative Tourism: A Conceptual Framework and Guidelines for Best Practices

As strategies for the development of creative tourism multiply in contexts ranging from global cities to small communities, the need for a clearer conceptual framework, capable of better differentiating existing approaches, has become more evident. Building upon existing knowledge on cultural and creative tourism, and on a prior review of the literature on creative tourism on islands, this paper proposes a typology of creative tourism initiatives, and after examining this new categorization, develops the concept of sustainable creative tourism. Through highlighting the need for creative tourism developers, policymakers, and practitioners to deepen their engagement with more holistic and integrated approaches oriented towards sustainable development in all its dimensions (economic, environmental, social, and cultural), the authors systematize a set of international principles and policy recommendations meant to promote sustainable creative tourism development strategies, duly adjusted to different places and realities, with an emphasis on vulnerable islandscapes.