Typology Of Frames Research Articles

Justifying opposition and support to EU‐Africa cooperation on deportation in West Africa

AbstractMigration, in general, is not a salient political issue in West Africa. However, one migration aspect that remains highly controversial and unpopular is cooperation on the deportation of undocumented emigrants with the EU and its member states. In this paper, we set out a typology of justification frames for studying how political actors in West Africa might frame their support or opposition to cooperation on deportation. We distinguished three types of justifications: identity‐related, moral, and utilitarian. While the moral (human rights) and utilitarian (political, economic, securitarian, labor) frames are rather classic justifications in migration politics and governance, our analysis shows that identity‐related (‘neo‐colonial resistance’ and ‘neo‐colonial compliance’) justification frames highlight how historical path dependencies matter in understanding the drivers of (migration) politics and governance in West Africa. This is particularly evident when the images of cuffed and shackled deportees from Europe evoke memories of dark historical pasts.

Navigating Online Learning Through “Technological Frames"

This study is part of a larger critical discourse analysis (CDA) that examines technology-enhanced learning environments, such as online learning, e-learning, Web-based learning, computer-assisted learning, computer-mediated learning, and open and distance learning. The goal of this qualitative research was to analyze how educational technology scholars perceive and interpret technology in teaching and learning contexts. Using Carl Mitcham's typology of technological frames, which categorizes technology into four groups: (1) object, (2) knowledge, (3) activity, and (4) volition, we identified the types of technological frames that educational technology scholars use to define learning environments. The content analysis of nine semi-structured interviews showed that scholars primarily associate technology with volition (i.e., individuals’ motivations, desires, will, culture, and consent regarding technology), followed by activity (i.e., technology related actions such as designing, drafting, crafting, programming, and analyzing) and object (i.e., tools), while technology as knowledge (i.e., facts, explicit and implicit skills, recipes, rules, beliefs, descriptive laws, principles, and experiences) was the least referenced technological aspect. Additionally, we discovered a new aspect of technology called “space.” The findings provide theoretical and practical insights into the literature on technological frames in online and distance learning. Importantly, insights into possible directions for research on online learning in the coming decade are offered.

Exploration of Kompas Editorial Frames on Human Rights Issues during 2014-2021

Editorials occupy a vital position in the media because they present official media opinions to the public on specific issues, including human rights issues. Therefore, this study focuses on how Kompas daily frames editorials on human rights issues in January and December 2014–2021. The research method is qualitative with Urs Dahinden framing analysis techniques. This technique divides the typology of frames into five things: conflict, economy, progress, moral, and episodic. Dahinden's framing approach is interesting because it differentiates between issues and frames. January and December 2014-2021 were selected because this research does not focus on specific issues. January is a critical moment to reflect on human rights issues over the past year and the next. In addition, December is the month of commemoration of International Human Rights Day. The study results conclude that Kompas uses two different frames in its editorial related to human rights issues. In civil and political human rights, Kompas consistently uses a moral frame. Meanwhile, Kompas uses episodic, economic, and moral frames on economic, social, and cultural issues.

Designing for successful online engagement: Understanding technological frames of citizen and police users of community policing platforms

Online platforms offer efficient avenues for police forces and citizens to engage with each other, especially in the context of citizen-focused preventive policing approaches such as community policing (CP). However, it is not clear which features and functionalities police forces and citizens require for engagement through such platforms. We approached this question from a technological frames perspective and adopted a mixed-method design involving 133 participants from police forces and local communities in six countries. We identified three distinct sub-groups among police and community users: high-need users, complacent users and sceptics, as characterized by group-specific expectations and requirements. We offer two main contributions from our study. First, we propose a novel typology of technological frames in the context of online CP and provide design recommendations to accommodate divergent requirements that exist within and across police forces and citizen groups. In doing so we illustrate the importance of going beyond presupposed user groups, in our case the police-community dichotomy, to design for online engagement. Second, we contribute to the study of structural understandings of technological frames by demonstrating a sequential mixed-method approach that is transferable to other online engagement contexts. This approach can be used to elicit a data-driven typology of user groups and explore divergent technological frames to inform design decisions for online engagement.

Frame Organization of the "Animal Diseases" Concept in the English Language”

The article examines the peculiarities of the ANIMAL DISEASE concept representation in the English language within frame theory, widely known and recognized both in Ukrainian and foreign cognitology. The purpose of the work is to show how accumulated knowledge and information about animal diseases is structured in frame conceptual models and fixed in the minds of English speakers. The research material is a selection of lexicographic data recorded in English specialized and philological dictionaries and encyclopedic directories. In the course of the analysis, we relied on the methods of continuous sampling of linguistic material, definitional and frame analyses. The study not only presents a number of definitions of the term "frame", but also clarifies its concept, describes the frame approach to the concept study. Due to the analysis of the dictionary definitions of the ANIMAL DISEASE concept, its cognitive signs were singled out: "health disorder", "disruption of the activity of the animal's organism" and an additional semantic feature – "the cause of the disease". Based on the typology of basic frames by S. Zhabotynska, the frame of the ANIMAL DISEASE concept was structured on the basis of subject, possessive and actional frames. The vertices of the frame are AGENT, PATIENT, and INSTRUMENT. Structures of knowledge that are represented through lexical units of English animal diseases terminology are also presented in the form of a cognitive model of another type – the structuring of a classificational frame, which is a set of categories and cognitive features, united and expressed by terms. This fixed structure models a field of specialized knowledge and has a certain hierarchical structure consisting of subframes, slots, and subslots. It was concluded that it is appropriate to use traditional cognitive units (frame, gestalt, scenario, script, etc.) for concept modeling, which have a clearer structure than a concept. Information about the concept of ANIMAL DISEASE in combination with the cognitive features attached to it, forming conceptual schemes and giving rise to combinations of frames, structures the conceptual space of ANIMAL DISEASE reflected in the English language.

The Men Need to Be Involved: A Critical Frame Analysis of Gender+ Equity Narratives

We apply a critical feminist methodology, Critical Frame Analysis (CFA), to discourses regarding gender+ equity efforts undertaken at our university in order to reveal frames that have mobilized—and/or have the potential to mobilize—institutional change for gender+ equity. After briefly considering consequential cultural shifts and changes in cultural frames regarding men’s roles in gender+ (in)equity, we apply a rhetorical/critical approach to analyze narratives culled from two decades of archival data, along with present-day perspectives provided by the coauthors and four interviewees. Our analysis yielded five frames: Women’s Representation, Institutions Create (In)Equity, Men as Allies, All Hands On Deck, and Intersectional Gender+. Finally, we compared our findings with a typology of narrative frames to gauge effectiveness of previous and future gender+ equity efforts. Our university has traversed some measurable cultural distance on the journey to gender+ equity, yet stable and intersectional manifestations of gender+ justice remain ahead of us.

Фреймова організація концепту «ХВОРОБА » в англійській мові

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of research of one of the universal concepts of understanding the world - the concept of DISEASE, which is analyzed using the frame method, widely known and recognized in both domestic and foreign cognitology. The development of cognitive linguistics opens up new possibilities for fruitful language research. The study of the deep connection between cognitive structures of cognition and language forms, ways of conceptualizing cultural schemes has increased the attention of linguists to the concept of "concept". The concept of DISEASE as a structure of knowledge can be represented in the form of a scheme, frame, conceptual scenario. One of the most used structures for presenting the conceptual content of the concept is the frame, because through it you can analyze the structure of the concept in the most detail. The relevance of this work is to study the frame structure of the concept of DISEASE, its cognitive features, attributes and relationships through the analysis of verbalized units of the concept. The purpose of the article is to show how the accumulated knowledge and information about the disease are structured in frame conceptual structures and fixed in the minds of native English speakers. Materials and methods of research. The material for the study was dictionary articles from English-language specialized and philological dictionaries and encyclopedic reference books. In the course of the analysis we relied on the methods of continuous sampling of language material, definition and frame analyzes. R esults of the research. The article not only provides a number of definitions of the term "frame", but also clarifies the concept of frame, describes the frame approach to the study of the concept. The author presents schemes of basic frames, connections between them and their combinations, which structure the information about the name of the frame DISEASE. The analysis of vocabulary definitions of the token "disease" highlights the cognitive features of this concept: "health disorder", "body dysfunction" and an additional semantic feature - "cause of disease" caused by infection or health disorder, not accident. Based on the typology of basic frames of S. Zhabotynska and the propositional schemes by which they are constituted, the frame of the concept DISEASE was structured on the basis of subject and action frames. Frame analysis of the concept of DISEASE makes it possible to describe both the structure of this concept and to summarize all the accumulated knowledge about the disease, which is represented around the concept of "disease". The top nodes of the frame are AGENCY, PATIENT, ACTION, PURPOSE, TOOL and RESULT. Сonclusions. It is concluded that for modeling the concept it is advisable to use traditional units of cognitivism (frame, gestalt, script, script, etc.), which have a clearer structure than the concept. Information about the concept of DISEASE in combination with the cognitive features attached to them, which form conceptual schemes and generate combinations of frames, structures the conceptual space of DISEASE, which is reflected in the English language. It was also concluded that the conceptual basis of the name of the concept of DISEASE according to lexicographic sources is a fairly generalized information, the source of which is the scope of subject-logical activity of the individual.

Is Yin-Yang superior for paradox research?

Purpose The paper debunks Peter P. Li’s assertion that Yin-Yang is superior to any other cognitive frames or logical systems for paradox research. The purpose of this paper is to alert the Chinese indigenous management researchers to the danger of Chinese exceptionalism and over-confidence. Design/methodology/approach To show that Peter P. Li’s assertion is doubtful, the authors identify the flaws in his analysis. Findings The authors find that there are three serious flaws in Peter P. Li’s analysis. First, there are four defects in the typology of cognitive frames he built in order to compare Yin-Yang with the others. Second, his understanding of dialectics in general and Hegelian dialectics in particular is flawed. And finally, without resorting to Yin-Yang, many scholars can develop theories that are equivalent to those derived from Yin-Yang. Research limitations/implications Due to the page limit, this paper only focuses on arguing that Yin-Yang is not superior to other cognitive frames or logical systems without going one step further to explain in which situations Yin-Yang are valuable and might be more suitable than others for helping us understand some research issues. Practical implications This paper implies that we should not blindly believe that the Chinese way of thinking and acting is superior to other people’s. Chinese people should be open-minded in the globalized era, not only promoting their own culture but also appreciating and learning from other cultures. Social implications The reduction of cultural exceptionalism and ethnocentrism can make cross-cultural communication and interaction smoother. Originality/value This paper is a rigorous critique on the “Yin-Yang being superior” assertion of Peter P. Li.

The presidential politics of climate discourse: Energy frames, policy, and political tactics from the 2016 Primaries in the United States

This study presents the results of an investigation into the frequency in which four candidates of the 2016 United States Presidential Primary season communicated their political positions on climate change, and how they subsequently framed these stances in numerous contextual drivers alongside energy policies. A systematic content analysis of political debates, campaign speeches, and press statements reveals how Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, Donald Trump, and Ted Cruz undertook in vote-seeking behaviour to create distinct stances on energy and climate issues. Results indicate not only partisan polarization, but also that stakeholder dynamics, control of communications and communication frequency are inter-dependent and reinforcing in generating differing climate positions. Institutional dynamics exacerbate these ‘logic schisms’ rather than providing a means of collective decision making. We test such climate discourse according to a typology of scientific, economic, national security, and moral frames. We also assess how particular frames morph over time, and are impacted by exogenous factors such as global climate change negotiations, national environmental crises (such as the Flint Water Crisis), and contestation over stranded assets and fossil fuel divestment. We find that political climate discourse must communicate to collective, bipartisan interests whilst avoiding politically divisive climate frames.

Towards A Typology of Conflict Frames

Conflict-framing literature has suffered from a lack of consistent conceptualization and consequently the aim of this paper is to unravel the dimensionality of conflict frames. We conducted a content analysis (N = 1536) to develop a typology of conflict news coverage. Using factor analysis, different aspects of conflict news are distinguished with level of substantiveness and interventionism as the main dimensions. Furthermore, the study focuses on the occurrence of these different types of conflict frames in the news and the role of contextual factors. For example, results indicate that articles with conflict frames contain more interventionism and less strategic framing online, more journalistic intervention in quality newspapers and less substantive news in election times when compared to routine periods. The study contributes to the literature by offering a more nuanced view of the presence of different types of conflict news in the media.

Predicting the Strength of Online News Frames

Framing theory is one of the most significant approaches to understanding media and their potential impact on publics. Leaving aside that fact, the author finds that publicity effects seem to be dispersed and difficult to catch for public relations (PR). This paper employs a specific research design, which could be applied to public relations practice, namely with a view to observing correlations between specific media frames and individual frames. The approach is based on the Semetko and Valkenburg (2000) typology of news frames. The author attributes negative, positive and neutral determinants to the types of frames in his empirical research. Online news regarding three transport organizations and the accompanying user comments (identified as negative, positive and neutral) are analysed by means of the method of content and sentiment analysis. The author recognizes user comments and reviews as individual frames that take part in the creation of online image. Furthermore, he identifies the types of media frames as well as individual frames manifested as image, and undertakes correlation research in order to establish their prediction potential. The results expose the most frequently used types of media frames concerning the transport domain. The media are keen to report through the attribution of responsibility frame, and after that, through the economic frame and the conflict frame, but, on the other hand, they tend to neglect the human interest frame and the morality frame. The results show that specific types of news frames enable better prediction of user reactions. The economic frame and the human interest frame therefore represent the most predictable types of frame.

Being(s) framed: The means and ends of framing environmental migrants

This paper presents an evolving typology of frames – filters of sense-making – to unpack how actors are interpreting and responding to the issue of environmental migration. We use frame analysis to draw attention to how a variety of actors define the boundaries of environmental migration, both intentionally and unintentionally, and how this generates interpretations and directions for policy action. In particular, we identify and discuss four unique framings of the environmental migrant notable in popular policy and academic debate: victims, security threats, adaptive agents and political subjects. Although not always consistently deployed by the same actors, and often hybridised, we argue that the four framings highlight different political, ideological and practical beliefs associated with particular interests and normative assumptions. The paper uses a qualitative, interpretive approach suited to understanding over-arching, macrocultural frames. We explore how key actors produce, communicate and legitimise each framing, discuss the ramifications of such and highlight major apparent critiques. We conclude that despite the four framings identified by us, scope of debate concerning environmental migration is marked by continued dynamism. Within this context, the frame perspective may stimulate greater reflexivity about assumptions and blindspots about this complex phenomenon to ground debate and action, in an arena that often relies on high-level and abstract language.

Institutions, policies, and arguments: context and strategy in EU policy framing

ABSTRACTStudies of framing in the EU political system are still a rarity and they suffer from a lack of systematic empirical analysis. Addressing this gap, we ask if institutional and policy contexts intertwined with the strategic side of framing can explain the number and types of frames employed by different stakeholders. We use a computer-assisted manual content analysis and develop a fourfold typology of frames to study the frames that were prevalent in the debates on four EU policy proposals within financial market regulation and environmental policy at the EU level and in Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The main empirical finding is that both contexts and strategies exert a significant impact on the number and types of frames in EU policy debates. In conceptual terms, the article contributes to developing more fine-grained tools for studying frames and their underlying dimensions.

Framing Chevron Protests in National and International Press

Romanians have been protesting against the gas exploration of the US giant, Chevron, in the village of Pungesti. An issue which may have seemed local, has gradually turned into an international one and, thus, it has become visible not only in the national press but also in the international media. This study presents a comparative analysis of the news media coverage of the Chevron crisis and of the forum comments in the online versions of national and international daily newspapers (Adevărul and The Guardian). In our qualitative content analysis of the news stories and of the forum comments we will use two theoretical frameworks: Semetko & Valkernburg's typology of frames (attribution of responsibility, conflict, economic consequences, human interest, and morality) and Nabi's emotion-as-frame perspective. The comparative content analyses will reveal which emotions, themes and frames were most visible in the national and international media (news articles and forum comments).

Spatial transgression of new religious sites in Israel

Religion and the expansion of religious sites throughout the built environment have a long and conflict-ridden history. This paper examines the development of three controversial religious sites in Israel that have developed in recent decades in an effort to better understand the kinds of political, social, and locational circumstances that cause some new sites to be regarded as spatially transgressive. The three sites examined here are the Mormon Center in Jerusalem, the Baha'i Gardens in Haifa, and the Church/Mosque in Nazareth. The study is based primarily on 75 structured, open interviews with stakeholders and decision-makers.The broader aim of the paper is to generate a better understanding of the concept of spatial transgression through systematic investigation based on the methodology of “framing.” This methodology provides a comprehensive vocabulary for perceptions, referred to as “frames,” and offers a detailed and systematic typology of frames based on the literature and the empirical data (grounded research) of the case studies.The main findings fall within the three aggregated super-frames identified in the research: “Process,” “Values,” and “Issues.” Of these, the Process super-frame was found to be dominant in all three cases. Comparing the different frames in the three cases enabled us to identify the factors that influenced the transgression process. It also facilitated a better understanding of the different “stories” involved and the concept of spatial transgression, which was found to exist on a scale ranging from low to high intensity. This paper also proposes a framing typology that may prove useful for understanding and mapping similar cases elsewhere.

Framing the uncertainty of risk: Models of governance for genetically modified foods

The interpretation of risk in governance frameworks for genetically modified (GM) foods is an important component of their design and function. This paper develops the concept of a risk frame to better understand how perceptions of risk, uncertainty, and authority over evidence are considered in governance frameworks for GM foods. It develops a typology of risk frames: the proof of harm, precautious and precaution through experience risk frames. The 'precaution through experience' risk frame is an emergent concept offering possible avenues beyond current regulatory standoffs by incorporating both scientific and socio-economic perspectives of risk in deepened deliberative settings. The paper uncovers how varying interpretations of uncertainty and acceptable levels of risk associated with innovative technologies influence the development of public policy within regulatory frameworks for biotechnology. Copyright The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.

Contraception as Health? The Framing of Issue Categories in Contemporary Policy Making

This study examines the changing classification of contraception vis-à-vis health insurance within legislative, legal, and administrative venues at the state and national levels. It brings together research on categorization and framing in public policy discourse to show (a) how categorization processes shape not only groups of people but also policy issues and (b) how framing can operate not only within issue categories but also to construct issue categories themselves. Through attention to the larger policy-making trajectory and an in-depth state-level case study, the author develops a typology of categorization frames and explores the likely outcomes of categorization in recent health care reform.

A New Approach to Oppositions in Discourse

This article proposes a flexible typology of syntactic frames (e.g., “X not Y,” “ either X or Y”) which can act independently or cooperatively as triggers for noncanonical oppositions that co-occur in those frames. The provisional categories are based on Jones’s quantitative study of syntactic frames for housing co-occurring canonical (conventional) antonyms (e.g., “war” / “peace”) but are substantially revised to account for a broadening of the definition of opposition. These revisions also take into consideration how syntactic frames overlap and interact in context, making qualitative analyses necessary. Data are taken from U.K. newspaper reports of two major protest marches in London. Here, the use of common syntactic frames that house co-occurring canonical oppositions trigger a range of noncanonical examples, which contribute to a binary representation of people, groups, events, ideas, and processes. The typology proposed in this article can open up new ground for locating and investigating the ideological influence of oppositions in discourse in disciplines such as critical discourse analysis.

Supreme Court Litigants and Strategic Framing

Although litigants invest a huge amount of resources in crafting legal briefs for submission to the Supreme Court, few studies examine whether and how briefs influence Court decisions. This article asks whether legal participants are strategic when deciding how to frame a case brief and whether such frames influence the likelihood of receiving a favorable outcome. To explore these questions, a theory of strategic framing is developed and litigants' basic framing strategies are hypothesized based on Riker's theory of rhetoric and heresthetic as well as the strategic approach to judicial politics. Using 110 salient cases from the 1979–89 terms, I propose and develop a measure of a typology of issue frames and provide empirical evidence that supports a strategic account of how parties frame cases.

Faithful to Fenway: Believing in Boston, Baseball, and America's Most Beloved Ballpark (review)

Reviewed by: Faithful to Fenway: Believing in Boston, Baseball, and America's Most Beloved Ballpark Robert Trumpbour Faithful to Fenway: Believing in Boston, Baseball, and America's Most Beloved Ballpark. By Michael Ian Borer. New York: New York University Press. 2008. With considerable help from taxpayers, North American sports teams have prompted investment in new ballpark construction at a record pace over the last twenty years. Michael Ian Borer's Faithful to Fenway explores one sports facility that is an anomaly to this trend. His text offers a compelling overview of what Fenway Park means to Bostonians and others. He brings thick description to his analysis, unpacking how a broad range of constituencies attach meaning to America's oldest Major League ballpark. Borer's central thesis is that meaning is culturally constructed and a highly fluid process that yields a far from uniform outcome. He creates a four-part "typology of cultural frames" to isolate the range of opinions individuals have about the future of Fenway Park. (137) Those in the "orthodox" category advocate full preservation, the most popular "conservative" frame supports prudent, well reasoned renovation, the "reform" category prefers a modern Fenway-style replica, while the "radical" frame calls for a modern ballpark that is a complete break from the original Fenway design. (137) Borer succeeds on many levels as he examines what this ballpark means to a community that is so passionate about it that some individuals have gone as far as to release the ashes of deceased loved ones onto the field. Early in the text, he pushes the theoretical further than I would like, inserting sociology, anthropology, and other disciplines into the analysis continuously. Subsequently, he backs away from routinely connecting each [End Page 193] thought to a mode of scholarship, and the analysis improves as this more comfortable balance unfolds. He chronicles an organization named Save Fenway Park!, explaining how their passion was instrumental keeping preservation efforts alive when team officials were viscerally committed to replacing the historic ballpark. A change in management created an opportunity for the kind of preservation this organization supported, so Borer chronicles this process. Borer admits that limited seating space allows the team "to continually raise ticket prices." (168) However, he frequently gives team management the benefit of the doubt, backing off the critical throttle more than I would prefer. If not for the ability to turn the old ballpark's mystique into a profit center, the team would likely abandon the venerable structure for a new one. Borer introduces "devotional consumerism" and "creative consumption" to explain how individuals connect to Fenway Park, two concepts which work to enrich team management in profound ways, though he tends to downplay that issue somewhat. (116) Red Sox President Larry Lucchino introduces the "Fenway Hippocratic Oath" as "do no harm," yet, as someone who presided over the replacement of an aging ballpark in Baltimore, he has been driven by bottom-line profitability in both scenarios. (163) Borer does a wonderful job of isolating individuals who have varied opinions about Fenway Park, including players, fans, and team management. However, his notion that Fenway is America's most beloved ballpark might be contested in Chicago and elsewhere. The passion of Chicago's Cubs fans, Pittsburgh's Steeler nation, and Wisconsin's Packer backers leads me to believe that the debate is partly about place but also driven by a bundle of other cultural factors. Fenway Park is a remarkable ballpark, but whether it is someone's "favorite" depends on one's perspective. Despite the potential for debate, Borer's text is a solid achievement. Robert Trumpbour Pennsylvania State University Altoona Copyright © 2010 Mid-America American Studies Association