Typographical Mistakes Research Articles

Unified data integration and record identification framework for diverse data sources in healthcare demographics

Challenges of bridging data from different sources with diverse data formats are faced by organizations in the modern data management environment. Problems with disparate data sources leading to different formats and inconsistencies mean it can be challenging to get the right matching of data records, especially when information errors such as typos are present. The current lack of a standard pattern for data integration and record identification presents a major problem in ensuring the accurate identification of individual records across disparate sources. The variations in data formats and the abundance of errors, such as typographical mistakes in names, dates of birth, and gender, add to the complexity of this problem. Organizations face the challenge of ensuring the correctness and consistency of data across multiple datasets without a formalized methodology.

Corrigendum to: Significance of entropy generation and the Coriolis force on the three-dimensional non-Darcy flow of ethylene-glycol conveying carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs)

Abstract This corrigendum addresses some typographical mistakes and errors in published article “Significance of entropy generation and the Coriolis force on the three-dimensional non-Darcy flow of ethylene-glycol conveying carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs)”. Corrections about some typographical errors and plots of g η $g\left(\eta \right)$ satisfying ambient condition in study (I. Ullah, T. Hayat, A. Aziz, and A. Alsaedi, “Significance of entropy generation and the coriolis force on the three-dimensional non-Darcy flow of ethylene-glycol conveying carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs),” J. Non-Equilibrium Thermodyn., vol. 47, pp. 61–75, 2022) are presented here.

Reading Harimohan Jha’s The Bride, translated by Lalit Kumar: A Masterly Appraisal in Shared Pragmatism

Most people believe that translation entails creating a copy of the original. However, as no two pieces of art can be exact replicas of one another, this is rarely the intended outcome. However, translation allows the translator to serve as a link between two communities, two languages, two cultures, and, ultimately, two worldviews. It allows the translator to invent something altogether new in that way. The translation is also a freeing activity since it does not entail reconstructing lexicon after lexicon. It gives the translator a great deal of freedom. When exercising such liberty, chapter names may be introduced in places where they are absent. These interventions may also result in changing the title or the addition of the proper references, as well as the repair of typographical mistakes and revisions to the narrative flows and chronology. In other words, the translator is given the 'authority' to represent two different cultures as an ambassador. This is precisely the situation with Lalit Kumar's expertly translated novel, The Bride, which was released by Harper Perennial.

Recent Periodicals

Acta Koreana, 24, 2 (December 2021) Includes: Wook-Dong Kim, ‘Translation and Textual Criticism: Typographical Mistakes in Modern Korean Poems’. Acta Musicologica, 93, 1 (2021) Includes: Marianne C. E. Gillion, ‘Plantin’s Antiphonarium Romanum (Antwerp, 1571–73): Creating a Chant Book during the Catholic Reformation’. Africa: Bibliography, Research and Documentation, 1 (November 2022) Includes: Marion Wallace, ‘The British Library’s Collections of African-Language Publishing’; Kó. lá Túbó. sún, ‘An Overview of the British Library Yorùbá Language Collection’. Architectural History, 64 (2021) Includes: Jenny Saunt, ‘The Abbotts and Their Book: A Dynasty of Decorative Plasterers and Their Work in Devon, c. 1580–1727’ [Disputed dating and authorship of a MSS pattern book]. Archivum Lithuanicum, 22 (2020) Includes: Birutė Triškaitė, ‘The Second Edition of Johann Behrendt’s Hymn Book Isz naujo pérweizdėtos ir pagérintos Giesmû-Knygos and Prayer Book Maldû-Knygélos (1735): An Unknown Copy in Prague’. _____, 23 (2021) Includes: Dovilė Gervytė, ‘The Self-Editing of Maironis’ Late Poetry: The Transport of Indecision over Revisions’; Mindaugas Šinkūnas, ‘Proofing Differences in some Lithuanian Books of the 16th–17th Centuries’; Inga Strungytė-Liugienė, ‘The History of Revisions of Prayers in Johann Arndt’s Rojaus Darǯel (1807–1817)’; [Lithuanian with English summaries].

Erratum: ππ→πγ* amplitude and the resonant ρ→πγ* transition from lattice QCD [Phys. Rev. D 93 , 114508 (2016)

Since the publication of our paper [Phys. Rev. D 93, 114508 (2016)], we have found a series of typographical mistakes in the equations shown. In particular, expressions written for the Lellouch-L\"uscher factor and the transition amplitudes were those relevant for a basis of definite $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ isospin, while the numerical results presented were those for a basis of definite pion charge states. In this erratum, we explain and correct the typographical errors, which do not alter the numerical results presented.

Erratum to “An Elementary Proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem for Epsilons”, [Advances in Pure Mathematics Vol. 11 No. 8 (2021) 735-740

The original online version of this article (Bibek Baran Nag (2021) An Elementary Proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem for Epsilons, Volume 11(8), 735-740 doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2021.118048) unfortunately contains two typographical mistakes. The author wishes to correct the errors.

An evaluation of the notifiable disease surveillance system in Chegutu District, Zimbabwe, 2020: a cross-sectional study.

Introductionin 2018-2019 Chegutu District had one notification form Tally 1 (T1) that was completed instead of seven for detected notifiable diseases. Different figures of cholera were reported through weekly rapid disease notification system with 106 patients and Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NDSS) with 111 patients, causing data discrepancy. We evaluated the NDSS to determine reasons for underperformance and data discrepancy.Methodswe conducted descriptive cross-sectional study using updated centres for disease control and prevention guidelines for surveillance system evaluation. We recruited forty-six health workers. Interviewer-administered questionnaires and checklists were used to collect data on reasons for underperformance, reasons for data discrepancy, knowledge of NDSS, surveillance system attributes and usefulness. Epi InfoTM7 generated frequencies, proportions, and means. Likert scale was used to assess health worker knowledge.Resultsof the forty-six health workers, 34 (78%) had fair knowledge of NDSS. The reason for system underperformance was lack of training in NDSS 42 (91%). Data discrepancy was attributed to typographical mistakes made during data entry on WhatsApp platform 32 (70%). Eighty per cent (37) were willing to complete T1 forms. Six participants who were timed took ten minutes to complete T1 forms. Among 17 health facilities, only three had fifteen T1 forms that were adequate to notify first five cases in an outbreak. Notifiable diseases surveillance system data was used for planning health education 28 (68%).Conclusionthe NDSS was unstable due to health workers' inadequate knowledge and unavailability of T1 forms. Notifiable diseases surveillance system was found to be simple, acceptable, and useful. We recommended NDSS training of health workers.

Developing an Integrated Model to Enhance the Efficiency in the Detection and Erasing of Duplicate Files from Cloud

Identifying and disposing of the copied document is one of the serious issues in the wide space of information cleaning and information quality in the framework. Ordinarily, a similar sensible true element might have numerous portrayals in the information distribution centre. Copy disposal is hard because it is brought about by a few blunders like typographical mistakes and various pictures of similar consistent worth. Our primary aim of this study is to recognise specific and inaccurate representations by utilising copy description and end rules. This methodology is used to work on the proficiency of the information. The significance of information precision and quality has expanded with the blast of information size. In the copy disposal step, just one duplicate of accurate copied records or documents is held and dispensed with other copy records or documents. The end cycle is vital to delivering cleaning information. Before the end sequence, the similitude limit esteems are determined for every one of the records available in the informational collection. The closeness limit admires significant for the end communication.

Correction to: A trade-off between thickness and length in the zebra finch sperm mid-piece.

You have accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Mendonca Tania, Birkhead Tim R., Cadby Ashley J., Forstmeier Wolfgang and Hemmings Nicola 2021Correction to: A trade-off between thickness and length in the zebra finch sperm mid-pieceProc. R. Soc. B.2882021169520211695http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1695SectionYou have accessCorrectionCorrection to: A trade-off between thickness and length in the zebra finch sperm mid-piece Tania Mendonca Tania Mendonca http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6232-4970 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Tim R. Birkhead Tim R. Birkhead Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Ashley J. Cadby Ashley J. Cadby Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Wolfgang Forstmeier Wolfgang Forstmeier http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-8925 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Nicola Hemmings Nicola Hemmings http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-3625 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Tania Mendonca Tania Mendonca http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6232-4970 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Tim R. Birkhead Tim R. Birkhead Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Ashley J. Cadby Ashley J. Cadby Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Wolfgang Forstmeier Wolfgang Forstmeier http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-8925 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Nicola Hemmings Nicola Hemmings http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-3625 Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:08 September 2021https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1695See original article.A trade-off between thickness and length in the zebra finch sperm mid-pieceProc. R. Soc. B285, 20180865. (Published online 25 July 2018) (doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0865)The original article contains a typographical mistake in the formula notation for the volume of the sperm mitochondrial helix. In the discussion (paragraph 6), we refer to the formula as ‘v = (1/3)π(r2)T’; however, the formula used in our calculations was ‘v = π(r2)T’, where π(r2) is the mitochondrial cross-section area and T is the straightened helix length. The latter formula can be expanded to ‘v = (1/3)π(r12 + r1r2 + r22)T’ to describe a truncated cone, where r1 and r2 are the radii at either end of the truncated cone. We refer to this formula in our electronic supplementary material where we show that the trade-off between thickness and length persists irrespective of the degree of taper in the mitochondrial helix. This error does not impact any of the data, analyses, results or conclusions of our paper. Previous Article FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsRelated articlesA trade-off between thickness and length in the zebra finch sperm mid-pieceJul 25, 2018, 12:00:00 AMProceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences This Issue08 September 2021Volume 288Issue 1958 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1695PubMed:34493085Published by:Royal SocietyPrint ISSN:0962-8452Online ISSN:1471-2954History: Published online08/09/2021Published in print08/09/2021 License:© 2021 The Author(s)Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Citations and impact Subjectsbehaviourevolutioncellular biology Large datasets are available through Proceedings B's partnership with Dryad

L'Espagne Républicaine: French Policy and Spanish Republicanism in Liberated France

L'Espagne Républicaine: French Policy and Spanish Republicanism in Liberated France

Response to “Molecular-level understanding of biological energy coupling and transduction: Response to “Chemiosmotic misunderstandings””

The most recent contribution by Sunil Nath in these pages is, mostly, a repetition of his previous claims regarding failures of the chemiosmotic hypotheses, supplemented with some fresh misunderstandings of the points I had sought to clarify in my previous critique⁠. Considerable portions rehash 50–60 years-old controversies, with no apparent understanding that the current chemiosmotic hypothesis, while birthed by Mitchell, differs from Mitchell's details in many respects. As such, Nath has devoted much time dealing with a few errors (or wrong hypotheses) by Mitchell (in a few places I would almost venture to say “typographical mistakes in typesetting”) and presents the ensuing conclusions as “refutations” of the chemiosmotic paradigm, completely neglecting that such details (such as the precise H+/ATP or H+:O ratios) are completely irrelevant to the reality (or not) of an electron-transport chain that uses the free energy liberated by electron-transfer to remove H+ from a compartment, to which it returns through and ATP synthase which uses the energy in that spontaneous return to drive ATP synthesis. The thermodynamical mistakes and misunderstandings of the relevant literature present in Nath's new contribution are so numerous, though, that I feel forced to call the attention of the readers of “Biophysical Chemistry” to them.

Information for Contributors

Information for Contributors

National Hawthorne in the College Classroom: Contexts, Materials, and Approaches, by Diller, Christopher, and Samuel Coale, editors.

<i>National Hawthorne in the College Classroom: Contexts, Materials, and Approaches</i>, by Diller, Christopher, and Samuel Coale, editors.

The Reality of Palestinian Prisoners in Israeli Jails: Haytham Jaber's Novel "The Captive" as a Model

The theme of prisons, torture and absence of freedoms is part of the discourse of the Palestinian narrative, specifically those written by the Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails, making prison descriptions and the colors of torture and humiliation both enjoyable and disturbing. There is a precise description of the violence and brutality of torturers in the cells of prisons and interrogation centers. The main purpose of this research is examine and analyze Haytham Jaber's novel "The Captive" in order to find out and shed light on the reality of Palestinian prisoners in the prisons of the Israeli occupation and the way they manage their life including daily routines, politics and struggle against their jailors in addition to the ugly image of the prison and prisons. The study findings show that, despite the weakness of its linguistic structures and complexity and the large number of spelling and typographical mistakes, the novel is still an important addition to the prison literature for its detailed information about the lives of Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails.

Corrigendum: Variation of Y-chromosome DNA markers in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations

Two entries of data in Table A1 were placed in an incorrect column. Fish with ovaries from the Babine and Kitsumkalum Rivers (n = 25 and 24, respectively) were identified as being of GH-Y+; OtY1M genotype when in fact they are GH-Y–; OtY1F. These data should have been in one column to the right. This typographical mistake would lead a reader to believe that phenotypic females from these two populations carry the GH-Y and OtY1 Y-chromosomal markers when in fact they do not.

Enhancement of Online Computerized Examination by Incorporating Artificial Intelligence to One Word Answer Questions Along with Multiple Choice Questions

Today due to the increased number of various courses and increased number of appearing students, the process of examination has become more complex. Many hours of examiners and human efforts are required for effective evaluation of such examination. Computer is a powerful tool that can be used as a solution for such a complex problem. Many educational institutes, software industries, organizations, colleges, departments and universities have employed computerized on-line examinations which consisting of multiple choice questions that does not only perform the error free evaluation but also generates the fast result. It is a good solution than none but what about the evaluation of subjective type theoretical examination in which examiners have to decide and assign marks to the answers. To design such an intelligence system that automatically evaluates subjective type question answers require tremendous efforts including building of knowledge base for various subjects’ knowledge. Recently computer is widely used for online examination but in most of the cases only objective type multiple choice questions are involved. It is easier for a computer to evaluate objective type multiple choice questions but it is too much difficult for a computer to evaluate subjective type questions as similar as intelligent human efforts require. In this research paper here the effort is being made for the one word answer or fill in the blanks type subjective type questions with added intelligence at some extent. The examination process becomes interesting and interacting in which examinee is required to enter one word answer. The solution is obtained that will automatically evaluate, identify the answer text entered by the user and generating the correct text pattern suggestions which are phonetically nearer to the entered word only if it contains typographical mistakes. The solution can be implemented for on-line examination involving “Fill in the blanks” or “one word question’s answer”. This may be quite helpful for filling up the correct answers to the students who know the correct answers but not the correct spelling of the answer which encourage the students by suggestions, reliable effective evaluation, save time of teacher’s community and obtaining quick and error free result of examination.

Erratum: Identification of novel transcription factors regulating secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis

A commentary on Identification of novel transcription factors regulating secondary cell wall formation in ArabidopsisBy Cassan-Wang H. et al (2013). Front Plant Sci. 2013; 4: 189. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00189Published online Jun 11, 2013. Prepublished online Apr 10, 2013. After our article was published on line, we noticed that a typographical mistake occured in the name of an Arabidopsis mutant : p 6 , in the results, last paragraph of the section « phenotypes of the TF T-DNA mutant or RNAi transgenic lines », One should read hb5 instead of hb15Here is the corrected textThe overall growth behavior of the mutants did not differ significantly from the controls, except the bolting and flowering time were altered in three of the mutant lines. Hypolignified blh6 and zinc finger lines bolted and flowered earlier than controls (Figures 5A,C) whereas the hyperlignified hb5 line exhibited delayed bolting and flowering (Figures 5B,C). In addition, hb5 mutants exhibited aerial rosettes at the base of the lateral inflorescence branches instead of growing cauline leaves as in wild-type plants (Figure (Figure5D).

Método para el reconocimiento automático de respuestas abiertas, cortas e irregulares en cuestionarios de completar espacios

La evaluación de estudiantes en ambientes educativos virtuales como Moodle, se realiza mediante preguntas cerradas (por ejemplo, de selección múltiple) cuyas respuestas pueden ser calificadas automáticamente sin necesidad de intervención humana. Los cuestionarios de preguntas abiertas con espacios para rellenar permiten al estudiante escribir variantes que pueden diferir de la respuesta esperada debido a errores de ortografía o tipográficos, siendo inviable calificarlas automáticamente mediante comparación exacta. En este artículo se propone una técnica que utiliza una versión adaptada de un algoritmo de comparación de cadenas de caracteres, y que podría realizar la evaluación automática de este tipo de preguntas.Se presentan resultados en 2 escenarios. En el primero, se calificaron respuestas irregulares de una sola palabra en un cuestionario de seguridad en internet; las variantes fueron reconocidas correctamente con un 99 % de exactitud y nivel de tolerancia de corrección de máximo dos letras. En el segundo, se evaluaron respuestas abiertas cortas a cuestionarios de programación de computadores, es decir, pequeños bloques de código de lenguaje de computador. Se calificaron 21 respuestas escritas por estudiantes de un curso real de programación, sin considerar particularidades como nomenclatura para variables o funciones, y utilizando una tolerancia de corrección de hasta 20 % de la longitud de la respuesta libre. El método reconoció 12 respuestas como probablemente correctas con expresiones mal formadas o incompletas pero fácilmente subsanables. Esta calificación fue satisfactoriamente corroborada por un experto humano. También se discuten otros resultados, así como posibles mejoras de la técnica propuesta.

철자오류에 기인한 가의미 오류의 검출 및 교정 방법

전자 문서의 초안 작성과정에서 추가되는 철자오류는 다른 유형의 오류보다 압도적으로 높은 비율을 차지한다. 입력 실수로 인한 이들 오류는 결과적으로 여전히 철자오류일 수도 있지만 상당수는 구문오류나 의미오류로 발전한다. 이러한 오류들 중 철자오류에서 발전된 가의미 오류는 순수 의미오류에 비해 문장 내에서 주변 단어의 의미에 대해 두드러진 상이성을 갖게된다. 따라서 이러한 의미 오류는 그것이 가지는 두드러진 문맥 상이성으로 인해 간단한 동시발생 빈도에 기초한 알고리즘으로 검출 및 교정이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 오류들을 검출하고 교정하기 위한 동시발생 빈도에 기초한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법에서 동시발생 빈도는 의존 구조상에서 직접 의존관계에 놓인 단어만을 대상으로 계산하며, 가의미 오류 여부를 판단하기 위해서 코사인 유사도 측정 방법을 사용한다. 제시하는 실험으로부터 제안한 방법은 전체 맞춤법 검사기 검출율을 약 2~3% 수준까지 향상 시킬 수 있을 것으로 예측하였다. Typographical mistakes made in the writing process of drafts of electronic documents are more common than any other type of errors. The majority of these errors caused by mistyping are regarded as consequently still typo-errors, but a considerable number of them are developed into the grammatical errors and the semantic errors. Pseudo semantic errors among these errors due to typographical errors have more noticeable peculiarities than pure semantic errors between senses of surrounding context words within a sentence. These semantic errors can be detected and corrected by simple algorithm based on the co-occurrence frequency because of their prominent contextual discrepancy. I propose a method for detection and correction based on the co-occurrence frequency in order to detect semantic errors due to typo-errors. The co-occurrence frequency in proposed method is counted for only words with immediate dependency relation, and the cosine similarity measure is used in order to detect pseudo semantic errors. From the presented experimental results, the proposed method is expected to help improve the detecting rate of overall proofreading system by about 2~3%.

Immunization in Practice - Clearing the Cobwebs: Correspondence

To the Editor:We read the article “Immunization in Practice– Clearing the Cobwebs” in ahead of print publication of Indian Journal of Pediatrics [1] with a lot of interest and noticed some information which can be misleading for practicing pediatricians and post graduate students who are the primary target readers of this article, apart from several typographical errors. The purpose of this communication is to draw attention of the authors. We have following observations: In Abstract: In the list of vaccines supplied free of cost by Govt. of India the name of MMR is missing but the newest member of this group Hib vaccine, which is included so far in only 9 states in India has been included. In abbreviations: In PCV, ‘C’ stands for conjugate and in IPV, ‘I’ stands for Inactivated. In section on scheduling of vaccination: A statement is made “However if two or more live vaccines are to be administered, then an interval of 28 d are required....” This statement should be suitably modified to say that two live vaccine can also be given together. For example, if a child presents first time after 9 mo, BCG, OPV and measles, all three live vaccines should be given simultaneously. However, if live vaccine are not given on the same day, then there should be a minimum gap of 4 wk between two live vaccines. In table 3 (IAP Immunization Schedule), the visit at 6 mo, included in IAP Immunization Schedule 2012 [2], is missing. Hence OPV1 and Hep B3 are completely missed out from the schedule. In the description of Rotavirus vaccine, it has not been mentioned that for RV1(Rotarix), which is more commonly available in India, only two doses are required not three [3]. This needs to be clarified because a practitioner may unnecessarily prescribe third dose. Regarding Rotavirus vaccine the maximum age for administering the last dose should be 8 mo, instead of 32 wk. Another important omission is about contraindication for Rotavirus vaccine. History of intussusception in the past is an absolute contraindication for rotavirus vaccine administration [4]. There are two avoidable typographical mistakes. In BCG vaccine description ‘miliary’ tuberculosis has been typed as ‘military tuberculosis’. Similarly in the list of high risk categories ‘nephrotic syndrome’ is written as ‘nephritic syndrome’.