Typographical Errors Research Articles

KEBI 1.0: Indonesian Spelling Error Detection System for Scientific Papers using Dictionary Lookup and Peter Norvig Spelling Corrector

Many Indonesian spelling errors occur in research papers published to the public, closely related to academics in all institutions such as research institutions, government, schools, and universities. The spelling errors usually writing punctuation, writing letters, writing words, writing words originating from foreign or regional languages (uptake words), using affixed words, and writing ineffective sentences. The mistakes made by the academics then become a cycle in the academic environment. They usually provide guidance for writing an undergraduate thesis, thesis, dissertations to students, or the other forms of documents and scientific papers. Therefore, the research proposed the application to facilitate all authors of scientific papers in producing quality scientific works based on the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling published by the Agency for Development and Language Development. The application is named KEBI 1.0 Checker (Indonesian Spelling Error 1.0 Checker), a web-based application with a built-in algorithm to detect and correct Indonesian Spelling in scientific papers. The experiment result shows that the application has given the best accuracy performance to correct the non-standard words, and typographical errors reached 100% and 55,52%, respectively. The application also has been detected 209 meaningless words. The application processing time is relatively low, the average time needed to correct non-standard words is 0.016 seconds, and typo words are 14.58 seconds. KEBI 1.0 Checker is helpful for the end-user in academics but needs to improve the vocabulary of the large corpus in various fields of science for correcting typo words.

"Older adults consider others' intentions less but allocentric outcomes more than young adults during an ultimatum game": Correction to Cho et al. (2020).

Reports an error in "Older adults consider others' intentions less but allocentric outcomes more than young adults during an ultimatum game" by Isu Cho, Hyun-joo Song, Hackjin Kim and Sunhae Sul (Psychology and Aging, 2020[Nov], Vol 35[7], 974-980). In the original article, there was a typographical error in the grant number awarded to Hyun-joo Song. The correct grant number is NRF-2018S1A3A2075114. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-68198-001). The present research investigated age-related differences in other-regarding preferences-the preference for taking others' benefit into account during social decision-making-between young and elderly adults. Young and older Korean adults responded to multiple rounds of a mini-ultimatum game, and the extent to which each individual considered outcome and intention was quantified using economic utility models. We found that older adults, compared to young adults, were less likely to consider others' intentions, while focusing more on others' outcomes. Possible psychological factors underlying our findings, including theory of mind, prosocial values, and decision strategies, are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Temporal evolution of small-scale internetwork magnetic fields in the solar photosphere (Corrigendum)

We correct a typographical error in the original paper. Figures 10, 12, 14, 15, and 16 contain a table in the top right panel with four columns and four rows of values. The line of sight velocity, vLOS, values for scheme 1 inversions (in the fourth row, first column and second column) are inserted the wrong way around. The values themselves are correct, but printed in the wrong column. All other values in the tables remain unaffected, and none of the paper's discussions or conclusions are impacted. We provide corrected versions of Figs. 10, 12, 14, 15, and 16 in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively.

How I Review a Paper to Help Improve Citability and Impact

How I Review a Paper to Help Improve Citability and Impact

Mathematical analysis of Carreau fluid flow and heat transfer within an eccentric catheterized artery

The effect of a catheter on blood flow and heat transfer characteristics of a Carreau fluid model is investigated mathematically using the perturbation method involving appropriate small parameters. Physically, this study relates to the surgical technique when a catheter is injected eccentrically into an artery. The model describes fluid flowing in the gap between eccentric tubes where the inner tube is uniform and rigid representing the moving catheter while the other tube represents an artery with overlapping stenosis. A complete perturbation solution up to the first order is presented whereby a validation exercise carried out shows that previously published solutions involving Newtonian fluids may have some typographical errors. The present results obtained show that the axial velocity, wall shear stress, and temperature in the case of the eccentric catheter are higher than that of the concentric catheter. The average Nusselt number is enhanced with increasing catheter radius and the velocity of the catheter while it decreases with increased Weissenberg number, Prandtl number, and Eckert number. These results agree with physiological observations that the risks and complications associated with catheterization are alleviated when the eccentric position of the catheter is considered.

S. Cowan, C. Kennedy and V. Munro (eds), Scottish Feminist Judgments: (Re)Creating Law from the Outside In, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2020, 472pp, hb £95.00

The Modern Law ReviewEarly View REVIEW S. Cowan, C. Kennedy and V. Munro (eds), Scottish Feminist Judgments: (Re)Creating Law from the Outside In, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2020, 472pp, hb £95.00 Rachel McPherson, Corresponding Author Rachel.Mcpherson@glasgow.ac.uk Lecturer in Criminal Law, University of Glasgow. email: Rachel.Mcpherson@glasgow.ac.ukSearch for more papers by this author Rachel McPherson, Corresponding Author Rachel.Mcpherson@glasgow.ac.uk Lecturer in Criminal Law, University of Glasgow. email: Rachel.Mcpherson@glasgow.ac.ukSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 July 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12660 [Correction added on 12 July 2021, after first online publication: some typographical errors in text have been corrected in this version.] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of literature on peri-implant diseases in the Web of Science.

The exponential increase in implant placement worldwide and the high prevalence of its associated pathologies have prompted an increasing contribution by the scientific community to the number of publications related to peri-implant pathologies. The objective of this work is to carry out a bibliometric analysis of scientific production on peri-implant diseases. The search strategy included titles, keywords, and abstracts based on the term peri-implantitis and all the possible combinations existing in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of the main collection of Web of Science. Two limits were established: the document typology was limited to Article and Review, and articles published up to 2019 were selected. All articles were refined and standardized manually to avoid typographical errors and duplications in authors' names or institutions. The total number of papers collected was 2547. A significant increase was observed in the number of articles published, especially in the past 10 years. The three most productive authors were Europeans, and the 45 most productive institutions were the universities. The most productive funding entities were the governments. Of the published works, 42.28% were funded. Of the 2547 records, 86.53% presented keywords. Scientific literature on peri-implantitis shows scientific growth in recent years, with a growing trend towards collaboration between authors and institutions. Most of the works have been published in high-impact journals, and in the last 2 years, more than half of the works have received some type of public or private funding.

Eszett (ẞ; ß)-carotene is an erroneous, non-existent false positive of beta (β)-carotene

There are several isomers of carotene, the main ones being alpha and beta carotene (i.e., α-carotene and β-carotene). The latter serves as a precursor for vitamin A, and is thus a well-studied carotenoid in health, food, and nutrition research. A German special character, the Eszett (uppercase or capital ẞ; lowercase ß), has been confused with the Greek, lowercase beta (β) in some papers in the biomedical literature, and when the lowercase Eszett is written in italics, it looks even more similar to the Greek letter beta. Curiously, this linguistic error has given rise to a “new” form of carotene, Eszett (ß)-carotene, which does not exist. A search on PubMed, Elsevier's sciencedirect.com, and Springer Nature's SpringerLink platforms reveals that there are potentially dozens, if not hundreds of cases or more of this false-positive carotene “isomer,” which was supposed to represent β-carotene, but has, through a typographic error, represented a “new” and non-existent form of carotene, ß-carotene. This clearly represents erroneous literature that needs correction.

La creación del mundo

La creación del mundo

Audit of Reporting Errors in Biochemistry Section of NABL Accredited Laboratory in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Background: In the modern era of tremendous automation in analytical processes, reporting errors have been reduced significantly. Therefore, the focus has been shifted to identifying the extra analytical causes of errors in the laboratory. Objectives: This study aimed to audit major clinical decisions affecting quality indicators (i.e., reporting errors and error prevention) by adhering to ISO 15189 (2012) and National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) (112) requirements. Methods: The records of the reporting errors were maintained from the biochemistry section of the central clinical laboratory (CCL) and analyzed based on the aim of this study. Then, the root cause analysis was performed, and the data was collected and audited from November 2015 to July 2020. Results: The total number of reporting errors between the mentioned periods were 132, with an incidence of 1 error per 384 processed samples on the day of observing the reporting error. In general, 22 (16.67%), 16 (12.12%), and 94 (71.21%) cases were pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical errors, respectively. The incidence of the post-analytical error was noted to be more since they were all typographical errors. Conclusion: Overall, transcriptional or typographical errors were found to be the main causes of reporting errors. In our clinical laboratory, we are attempting to minimize these errors by pre-validating the results by senior technicians and faculty prior to the typing and approval. These avoidable errors can be minimized by the continuous training of laboratory staff. Up-gradation to automated data collection information management systems are of great hope for preventing such errors.

ANALISIS KESALAHAN KEBAHASAAN PADA BUKU TEMATIK TEMA 5 PAHLAWANKU KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR

This study aims to describe: typographical errors found in the theme book 5 Pahlawanku grade IV elementary school, (2) capital letter errors, (3) punctuation errors, and (4) less subject sentence errors. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The object of this research is the Integrated Thematic Student Book 2013 Curriculum Class IV Theme 5 My Hero. The data collection used were interview techniques, field notes, literature studies, and reading notes. The research instruments used were interview grids, data filter grids, data recording cards, and overall data on linguistic errors. The data analysis method was carried out by the agih method. The data analysis technique used was the erase, replace, and insert technique. The data analysis presentation technique used is an informal technique. From the results of the study, it is known that there are 4 types of errors, namely (1) letter writing errors, there are nine capital letter errors, (2) capital letter errors, there are seven errors, (3) punctuation errors there are fourteen errors, and (4) sentence errors. less subject there are three errors. The most linguistic errors are writing punctuation, there are fourteen errors, and the smallest error is a sentence that lacks the subject, there are three errors

Global Financial Crisis: A Critique on the Book “Freefall; America, Free Markets and the Sinking of the World Economy”

In this paper, the book entitled “Freefall; America, Free Markets and the Sinking of the World Economy” is reviewed which is about the causes of the financial crisis of 2007-2009 in the US economy. The author is a world-renowned economist and the book has been translated into more than 20 languages. In this review, for collecting information, the books and articles are used as scientific documents, and for analyzing information, the descriptive-comparative method was applied. The book has a logical consistency. It begins with the origins of the crisis, and then discusses the consequences, policies, motivations, and necessary reforms in the economy and the attitude of American society. The shortcomings of the translated book, in addition to typographical errors and the need to revise some jargons, are the lack of translation of the footnotes of the chapters, which make up 73 pages of the translated book. Despite the relative coherence of the work, the translated book suffers from the exclusion of America from the title of the book, despite the fact that the whole book is about the American economy. The hopeful statements appeared at end of the book without providing a solution, and lack of analysis for the effects of Reagan economics as a background of the financial crisis, and also the neglect of systemic risk. The book highlights the adverse effects of materialism, extremist individualism, and market fundamentalism on American society. It also explains the neoclassical foundations of policies that led to the financial crisis and the battle of ideas in economics.

Deep Insights of Erroneous Bengali–English Code-Mixed Bilingual Language

ABSTRACT Code-switching, the combination of more than one language within a single utterance is popular in social media sites for informal communication, generating a huge amount of data, though not fully analysed for knowledge extraction due to lack of documentation. Moreover, the code-mixed data is erroneous, and to detect and correct different types of errors, the model requires large erroneous code-mixed language data, not publicly available. This paper first defines generic rules to write Bengali–English code-mixed language in English script, considering the inherent complexity of the Bengali language. Different types of typographical and cognitive errors are induced to obtain the huge erroneous data, based on human behaviour and perception as consulted with the language experts. The errors considered here are applicable to other code-mixed Indic languages and would be beneficial for the researchers. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, we have included the errors in the Hindi–English code-mixed Indic language. An attention-based two-level deep network architecture (uses LSTM as a basic unit) is used for error detection, correction, and translation of code-mixed sentences into a monolingual sentence. Results are reported in terms of accuracy, ROUGE score, and BLEU scores at word level and sentence level for both Bengali–English and Hindi–English code-mixed languages.

Erratum for Lu et al., "Development of a Simple In Vitro Assay To Identify and Evaluate Nucleotide Analogs against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase".

Volume 65, no. 1, e01508-20, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01508-20. Materials and Methods section, “nsp7 and nsp8 protein expression and purification” paragraph, 2nd sentence: “nsp7” should read “nsp8.” The correct sentence is “Specifically, the entire MBP sequence of pMal-c5X (nucleotides 1527 to 2628) was replaced with the nsp8 gene sequence with the addition of an N-terminal 6-His tag.” This typographical error does not have any impact on the conclusions of the paper.

Correction: CXCR4 in Tumor Epithelial Cells Mediates Desmoplastic Reaction in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

In the original version of this article (1), there were typographical errors in the Results sections describing the data presented in Figs. 2A, 3E, and 3K–3S. Likewise, the incorrect statistical analysis was indicated in the legend for Fig. 4D and E. The authors have revised the text to accurately reflect the data and statistical analyses performed. The authors also made an error when calculating and describing the error bars in Figs. 2A and 6Q. The authors have provided new images for these figures and updated the figure legends and Materials and Methods Statistical Analysis section. These errors have been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret this error.

Cascaded frequency conversion under nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage: erratum.

We present an erratum to our Letter [Opt. Lett.46, 1486 (2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.418085]. This erratum corrects an inadvertent error in defining the electric field and a typographical error in Eq. (5). The corrections have no influence on the results and conclusions of the original Letter.

Ultralow-threshold thin-film lithium niobate optical parametric oscillator: erratum

This erratum corrects a typographic error that appears in Table 1 of our earlier paper [Optica 8, 539 (2021)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.418984].

Editor's Column

Editor's Column

Just DM Me (Politely): Direct Messaging, Politeness, and Hiring Outcomes in Online Labor Markets

This study examines the role of text-based direct messaging systems in online labor markets, which provide a communication channel between workers and employers, adding a personal touch to the exchange of online labor. We propose the effect of workers’ use of the direct messaging system on employers’ hiring decisions and conceptualize the information role of direct messaging. To empirically evaluate the information role of the direct messaging system, we leverage data on the direct messaging activities between workers and employers across more than 470,000 job applications on a leading online labor market. We report evidence that direct messaging with a prospective employer increases a worker’s probability of being hired by 8.9%. However, the degree to which workers benefit from direct messaging is heterogeneous, and the effect amplifies for workers approaching employers from a position of disadvantage (lacking tenure or fit with the job) and attenuates as more workers attempt to message the same prospective employer. The effects also depend on message content. In particular, we find that the benefits of direct messaging for workers depend a great deal on the politeness of the workers, and this “politeness effect” depends on several contextual factors. The beneficial effects are amplified for lower-status workers (i.e., workers lacking tenure and job fit) and workers who share a common language with the employer. At the same time, the beneficial effects weaken in the presence of typographical errors. These findings provide important insights into when and what to message to achieve favorable hiring outcomes in online employment settings.

"Should I keep studying? Consequences of a decision to stop learning in young and older adults." Correction to Krogulska et al. (2021).

Reports an error in "Should I keep studying? Consequences of a decision to stop learning in young and older adults" by Aleksandra Krogulska, Karolina Golik, Krystian Barzykowski, Jennifer Cox, Agata Jakubiak and Elizabeth A. Maylor (Psychology and Aging, 2021[Mar], Vol 36[2], 158-171). In the article (https:// doi.org/10.1037/pag0000594), there was a typographical error in the grant number awarded to Aleksandra Krogulska. The correct grant number is UMO-2016/21/N/HS6/02953. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2021-24143-001.) In situations of cognitive overload, the role of a metacognitive decision to stop learning is of utmost importance. We investigated how young and older adults decide to stop learning as a strategy for maximizing memory performance when they face to-be-learned material exceeding their memory capability. People may decide to stop learning for two main reasons: they experience a growing feeling of disfluency as a learning episode progresses and/or they perceive such a decision to be beneficial for future memory performance. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants studied lists of 50 words. The majority of young and older adults stopped learning in conditions where they were allowed to do so. This decision, counterintuitively, decreased the number of recalled words. Crucially, a similar number of young and older adults stopped the presentation of to-be-remembered material, and both age groups suffered comparable consequences in their memory performance. In Experiments 3a and 3b, participants read an experimental scenario and decided whether they would stop learning based on this description alone. People in different age groups predicted their metacognitive decisions similarly. However, participants' forecasted performance did not reflect the negative influence of these decisions. Regardless of their age, people tend to make a suboptimal decision to stop learning, unaware of its negative consequences. Together, our results suggest that young and older adults can exert metamemory control to similar degrees even though their decisions may not be beneficial for memory performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).