Types Of Plants Research Articles

Data-driven definition and modelling of plant growth

Many horticultural tasks require a definition of and means to measure ‘plant state’, a quantity that is used to represent and compare plants. The plant state's evolution through time (plant growth) can then be tracked. This is often performed informally by humans based on heuristic features for particular plant types. It can be used for example to recommend interventions to catch up on expected growth, or to measure the effects of experimental interventions on growth. This work provides a purely data-driven definition, that is easy to train, easy to non-destructively acquire training data, does not require expert annotations, and is easy to compute for any new plant type and growing conditions. The presented method is applied to a dataset of lettuce plants where it exceeds the performance of a hard baseline. This work also demonstrates that the presented method retains the intuitive properties expected for a plant growth model. Open source code implementation and data is provided.

Home sweet home: Evaluation of native versus exotic plants as resources for insects in urban green spaces

Abstract Insect decline and loss of biodiversity not only affect large‐scale agricultural landscapes, but are increasingly recognized in urban environments. It is undisputed that a greater supply of flowers in urban green spaces can provide insects with more food and habitat. However, it is still controversial whether native wild plants or non‐native ornamental plants and varieties are the right choice. To answer this question we investigated the number of insects interacting with different types of plants: twelve ornamental and six related wild perennials. In this context, the number of flower visitors per plant species and plot was recorded at 10‐minute observation intervals, as well as the feeding damage caused by insect herbivores on the leaves and stems of the study plants. We established 18 plant species in ten independent study plots in the city of Darmstadt, Germany. The plants were six native wild plant species, six ornamental plant species related to the wild plants from the same genus or family and six exotic ornamental plant species from other genera and families than the wild plants. Native insects (wild bees, flies, beetles, wasps) that feed on pollen and nectar visited wild perennials significantly more often (67% of all visits) than related ornamental (24%) and unrelated exotic plants (9%). In contrast, honey bees (Apis mellifera) showed no preferences to any of the three target plant groups and interacted with other plant species than most of the native insects in our study according to analyses of interaction networks. The assessment of leaf damage caused by insect herbivores on the individual plants confirmed a similar and significant difference in the insects' choices. Leaves from wild plants showed the highest herbivory (mean 2.3% of the leaf area), followed by related ornamental plants (0.8%), whereas unrelated exotic plants were hardly consumed (0.1%) by herbivores. Practical implication. Our study shows that in urban green spaces, both flower‐visiting and leaf‐feeding insects are more likely to use native wild plants as a food source than closely related and exotic ornamental plants.

ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PROCESSING JACKFRUIT SEED WASTE TURNS INTO BIOETHANOL

The jackfruit plant is a type of tropical fruit plant that is multifunctional and can be planted in tropical areas at an altitude of less than 1,000 meters above sea level. Research has been carried out on making bioethanol from waste jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk). This research aims to find out whether jackfruit seed waste can be used as raw material for making biethanol and to determine the effect of pH on the fermentation process. This research used jackfruit seeds which were hydrolyzed with H2SO, 2.5% for 3 hours at a temperature of 70 °C, then the glucose content was measured and fermented at varying pH = 3, 4, 5, and 6 for 48 hours. The highest bioethanol content of jackfruit seeds was achieved during 4 days of fermentation with an alcohol content of 13.19%.

Budidaya Tanaman Karet untuk Perekonomian yang Lebih Positif

Rubber plants are a type of medicinal plant that has many health benefits, including treating small wounds, as a medical device, preventing stomach acid, for clothing, treating body aches, and as a fever-reducing medicine. The purpose of this community service is to provide information on how to increase the potential of natural resources located in Lebak, which is an area that has quite high potential in the rubber plantation business in general, but currently it has not been utilized optimally by the local community at this time. Most of the rubber plants that are produced are sold individually without knowing the harvest that the accounting information system consumes. This is due to a lack of innovation from the local community. Therefore, cultivating rubber plants is one way that can be done by harvesting quite small or large areas of land that can be put to good use, maintaining nutritional value and increasing economic value. With this cultivation empowerment, it is hoped that it can help improve the economy of the Lebak community and take advantage of the harvest of rubber plants for social welfare which is more durable to give rise to various innovations in processing rubber itself in a sustainable manner.

Budidaya Tanaman Buah Jambu Demi Masyarakat yang Lebih Baik

Red guava leaves are a type of medicinal plant that has many health benefits, including treating diarrhea in young children, reducing bad cholesterol (LDL) levels, preventing cancer, healthy skin, treating hair loss, treating gum disease, and a natural cure for diabetes. . The purpose of this community service is to provide information on how to increase the potential of natural resources located in Pamulang, which is an area that has quite high potential in the guava plant business in general, but currently it has not been utilized optimally by the local community at this time. Most of the guava plants that are produced are immediately sold individually without knowing the harvest that is consumed. This is due to a lack of innovation from the local community. Therefore, guava cultivation is one way that can be done by harvesting quite small or large areas of land that can be put to good use, maintain nutritional value, and increase economic value. With this cultivation empowerment, it is hoped that it can help improve the economy of the Pamulang community and take advantage of the harvest of guava plants for social welfare which is more durable to give rise to various innovations in guava processing itself in a sustainable manner.

Decarbonizing rotary kiln–induction furnace based sponge iron production

The direct carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the iron and steel sector are nearly 7 % of the global CO2 emissions from energy use. India is the world's second-largest producer of steel and the largest sponge iron producer. India produces one-third of the global sponge iron, mostly from rotary kilns using coal as an energy source, resulting in higher energy and emission intensities than the global average. This study evaluates major options for CO2 abatement in the rotary kiln–induction furnace process for steel production. Based on the mass and energy balances of a typical sponge iron plant, this study evaluates the techno-economic potential of nine major decarbonization measures. The proposed decarbonization measures include improved energy efficiency, improved material efficiency, renewable energy use, and fuel substitution. Marginal abatement and green premium curves are generated by incorporating the dependency of different measures. Depending upon the set of options chosen, carbon abatement is in the range of 55.8 %–99.2 %. It is observed that 11.5 %–20.6 % of decarbonization potential can be achieved without any additional cost to the customer. These findings are insightful for policymakers and industry stakeholders and provide a foundation for designing and implementing a net-zero pathway for the sector.

Design of shaft- and rim-driven contra-rotating reversible pump-turbine to optimize novel low-head pumped hydro energy storages

According to the European-Green-Deal, the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in electricity generation is increased by e.g. solar/wind. This requires the deployment of effective energy storage solutions to compensate the fluctuating network supply of RES. A well-developed storage technology is pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), but especially in lowland countries, e.g. Denmark, typical high-head plant locations are missing. Therefore, new developments in low-head hydraulic turbomachineries and smart operation schemes are needed to shape LH-PHES towards a viable future technology through maximizing performance and minimizing investment costs. Hence, this study demonstrates a novel design of contra-rotating, variable-speed, reversible pump-turbines (CR-VS-RPT) for low-head operation with a peak efficiency above 90 % in pump/turbine mode. The results comparing shaft-driven with rim-driven CR-VS-RPT show the influences of chosen RPT type on the reservoir size/investment. The study also proves that hydraulic losses due to the bulb for shaft-driven CR-VS-RPT have a decisive impact on the head range, and thus on the required dam material volume. Despite the slightly less efficient performance of rim-driven CR-VS-RPT, the absence of the bulb increases the efficiency during operation at low LATs. However, the LAT is the key factor for CR-VS-RPT type selection to minimize the investment for LH-PHES.

Analysing type of plants for reducing noise pollution in climate change adaptation

Abstract The noisier a region or city is, the faster the rate of global warming. Noise is not a substance. However, most sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are also sources of noise; for example, busy highways in cities can occasionally see as many as 100 cars per hour. Planting trees to mitigate noise pollution has been identified as one of the most sustainable methods to employ, since plants may function as a buffer and absorb sounds. Several plant species were chosen to assess noise absorption based on parameters such as leaf thickness, breadth, surface area, and length. The initial goal of this study is to estimate the noise absorption on the selected flora native to the Malaysian environment, where the noise was measured using an in-house developed impedance tube to discover the effective acoustic characteristics of leaves. The investigation was then carried on by assessing the data on the correlation coefficient parameter in order to determine the link between noise absorption and leaf features. Because of the freshness and perishability of the materials, measurements were repeated twice. Only 100% and 50% vegetation quantity size were measured for 10 sample species during the initial data collection. According to the findings, half of the leaves’ features were connected with noise absorption. This might be owing to the freshness state, which cannot be maintained for an extended period of time. To acquire a better value, the experiment was repeated within the permissible freshness time. The findings are as predicted, with the maximum noise absorption and features correlation at 100% plant density including twigs. When the vegetation amount is lowered to 50%, this will progressively diminish. The notion is confirmed by the fact that a tube packed with thicker samples absorbs more noise. The correlation study identifies that each leaf has its unique capacity for noise absorption dependent on its properties and freshness level.

Overexpression of CsBRC, an F-box gene from Camellia sinensis, increased the plant branching in tobacco and rice.

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis [L.]) is one of the most important crops in China, and tea branch is an important agronomic trait that determines the yield of tea plant. In previous work focused on GWAS that detecting GWAS signals related to plant architecture through whole genome re-sequencing of ancient tea plants, a gene locus TEA 029928 significantly related to plant type was found. Sequence alignment results showed that this gene belonged to the F-box family. We named it CsBRC. CsBRC-GFP fusion proteins were mainly localized in the plasma membrane. By comparing the phenotypes of CsBRC transgenic tobacco and WT tobacco, it was found that the number of branches of transgenic tobacco was significantly higher than that of wild-type tobacco. Through RNA-seq analysis, it was found that CsBRC affects the branching development of plants by regulating the expression of genes related to brassinosteroid synthesis pathway in plants. In addition, overexpression of CsBRC in rice could increase tiller number, grain length and width, and 1,000-grain weight.

Multiple cytokinin elevates indirect regeneration potential of indica rice mature embryo

The concept of producing high quality mature seed derived callus competent to genetic transformation followed by efficient full plant regeneration is not unique in rice. But the process is lacking in terms of regeneration efficiency, genotype dependency especially in indica rice. Further, most of the research has only been focused on elite indica cultivars and popular local varieties are neglected. Our extensive literature study also revealed that among all the factors responsible for higher rice regeneration efficiency, the combination, concentration, and type plant growth regulators (PGRs) are mostly responsible for indica rice genotypes. Hence, the present study is focused on standardization of popular local indica rice cultivars for callus induction and regeneration by tweaking the PGRs in culture media, according to their amenability. The plant regeneration potential was assessed on both traditional organogenesis frequency and morphology-based scoring matrix. This revealed the best suitable PGR concentration-combination for efficient organogenesis and the genotype Khitish to be most responsive for indirect regeneration (78.68 ± 1.50 %). The highly polymorphic SSR marker based clonal fidelity test also validated the absence of somaclonal variation among the regenerated plants. This study would be helpful in improving the regeneration potential in local indica rice varieties and genetic transformation studies.

Identifikasi Tumbuhan Penyusun Vegetasi Pulau Kumala sebagai Kawasan Delta Sungai Mahakam Kalimantan Timur

Indonesia has islands that are very numerous and even reach tens of thousands. Each island is overgrown with different types of plants with their own characteristics including Kumala Island in East Kalimantan. Kumala Island is a delta of the Mahakam River that formed by river flow. The island is overgrown with many plants of various types. The diversity of plant species found on this island has never been identified so it becomes very interesting and important to conduct research related to plant identification as a conservation effort. This study aims to identify all types of plants found on Kumala Island as a form of conservation of the plants, on Kumala Island. The method used in this study is exploration of the predetermined research area. Each plant found was subjected to morphological observations, and the type was identified. The plant data obtained were analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that 88 types of plants were identified consisting of 28 types of trees, 48 types of shrubs and 12 types of grass. The number of families identified was 44 families, of which 18 families included tree species, 24 families included shrub species and 2 families included grass species. The existence of plants on Kumala Island needs to be considered and conserved so that their existence remains protected.

Identifikasi Tumbuhan Mangrove di Hutan Lindung Padu Empat-Lebak Kerawang Desa Batu Ampar Kabupaten Kubu Raya

Mangroves in Batu Ampar Village, West Kalimantan Province are under threat of damage because they are used as various commercial purposes by the local community such as logging mangrove trees for the mangrove charcoal industry. Mangroves have a vital functions for the environment, so that mangrove conservation is necessary. One of the mangrove conservation efforts is to know the types of mangrove plants in an area. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of mangrove plants and categorize into major, minor and associated mangroves found in the Padu Empat-Lebak Kerawang Protection Forest, Batu Ampar Village, West Kalimantan. Data collection used a survey method with a zig-zag cruising technique. There were 3 routes used in this research. The herbarium was made to facilitate the identification of mangrove plants. The identification results showed that there were 7 species of mangrove which included in 5 families: Rhizophoraceae, Arecaceae, Meliaceae, Pteridaceae, and Moraceae. The seven species found were divided into 3 mangrove groups, namely 4 major mangroves including Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Nypa fruticans; 2 minor mangroves including Xylocarpus granatum and Acrostichum speciosum, and 1 associated mangrove, namely Ficus retusa.

Strategy and planning for beef cow development based on land carrying capacity in South Tapanuli District

South Tapanuli District has quite potential in developing beef cattle by maximizing the potential of land with various types of plantation and agricultural plants as a source of animal feed. The objectives to be achieved in this research are to analyze the availability of feed based on plantation crops and food crops that support beef cattle feed sources, analyze variables in beef cattle development in influencing the number of beef cattle populations, and analyze strategic factors that influence the success of developing beef cattle and formulating strategies to increase beef cattle production in South Tapanuli District. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the data. The study's findings demonstrate the abundance of potential carrying capacity of the region's land, with plantation area having the capacity to support 1,420 beef cattle annually and agricultural land having the capacity to support 14,508 cattle annually.

Socialization of The Use of Sisik Naga Leaves (Drymoglossum Piloselloides) Medicinal Plant as An Antibacterial for The Lubuk Pakam Pekan

In Indonesia, one type of plant that is often found is Drymogglossum Piloselloides, or better known as dragon scale leaves. These leaves are included in the category of herbal plants or traditional medicines which are rich in anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer compounds. Not only this, secondary metabolite compounds contain various other forms, namely flavonoids, tannins and saponins, which are believed to be antibacterial, to inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause acne, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is a member of the genus Gram-positive staphylococcus. In this community service activity, the aim is to provide information about the role and benefits of dragon scale leaves which can be an antibacterial agent for the wider community. In the service program carried out through socialization media using lecture, question and answer and implantation methods with the participation of 15 people in Lubuk Pakam. In accordance with the PkM program that has been produced, a conclusion was obtained regarding wider community insight and knowledge about dragon scale leaves which can be used for antibacterial purposes, in this case proven by the increase in the posttest score which was compared with the pretest score. The average increase in knowledge of PkM participants was obtained with a value of 28.4. Not only that, the maximum posttest score was obtained with a score of 85, in contrast to the lowest posttest score, namely 55 if a comparison was made with the pretest that had been carried out previously.

Use of Forest Trees in the Treatment of Polluted Soil by Heavy Metals: A Mini Review

Human activities lead to a large accumulation of heavy metals in the soil which comes from industrial activities such as mining smelting refining manufacturing processes and waste resulting from excessive use of chemical fertilizer and vehicle exhausts. So, soil pollutants especially with heavy metals can be treated using different types of plants; such as forest trees and grasses. These plants can tolerate soil pollutants at high concentrations in their biological tissue, and treat pollutants by absorbing and accumulating heavy metals in their living tissues. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed several forest tree species, that showed high resistance in the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals, such as genus Eucalyptus, Acacia, Salix, Populus, Tamarix, Melia, Dalbergia, Leucaena, Acer, Fraxinus, and Thuja. It has been noted that planting forest trees with high biomass that resist high concentrations of heavy metals in soil, works to rid the soil of these pollutants. This is the latest and best technology for treating soil pollution. In particular, it is unique from its counterparts in its environmental friendliness, economic benefits, and other returns resulting from plant cultivation. Therefore, applying phytoremediation techniques that benefit is the best and safest for the environment and living organisms.

Liquid Smoke Yield Grade 3, Grade 2 and Grade 1 from Five Different Types of Plants

This research was motivated by the lack of optimal use of leaves in forest plants, while there are many types of leaves in the forest. One use of leaves is to use them as raw material for making liquid smoke. This research was conducted to determine the yield of liquid smoke on forest plant species from their leaves. The research method used is the pyrolysis method with indirect combustion. This research was carried out by treating forest plant raw materials, namely kerai paying leaves (Filicium decipiens L.), bungur leaves (Lagerstroemia speciosa), mahogany leaves (Swietenia macrophylla King), teak leaves (Tectona grandis) and sungkai leaves (Peronema canecens Jack). The results of the research showed that the results of liquid smoke from the 5 types of plant leaves, namely sungkai leaves, had the highest grade 3 yield of 23.83% and the lowest grade 3 yield, namely mahogany leaves, of 17.81%. In grade 2 sungkai leaves the highest percentage was 21.12% and mahogany leaves had the lowest yield with a percentage of 16.18%. Meanwhile, in grade 1, sungkai leaves have the highest yield percentage of 19.33% and mahogany leaves have the lowest yield, namely 15.03%.

Ethnobotany of Medical Plant by the Community in Sitellu Tali Urang Jehe Sub-District Pakpak Bharat District North Sumatera

Pakpak is one of the subethnic groups in North Sumatera that still uses many medicinal plants, especially the people in Sitellu Tali Urang Jahe. The aim of the study was to find out the types of plants used in medicine, to find out the organs of plants used for treatment, to find out how to use plants for treatment, to know the cultural significance of ICS which are used as medicinal plants by the people of Sitellu Tali Urang Jehe sub-district, Pakpak Bharat district. This research method was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative research was carried out by participatory observation using literature and community knowledge about medicinal plants, while quantitative research was carried out by calculating the percentage of plant species, plant organs and calculating the value of the Cultural Significance Index (ICS). Based on the research results obtained 30 species of plants belonging to 21 families. Plant organs used as medicine are leaves 57%, stems 12%, flowers 9%, rhizomes 9%, roots 3% and fruit 3%. Utilization of plants as medicine, namely by drinking 48%, taped 48%, and dripped 3%. The Calculation of the ICS value of Piper betle L. has the highest preference or importance value among other plants, namely 50, while Alyxia sp., Ageratum conyzoides L., Angiopteris angustifolia, Cheilocostus speciousus, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Crotasaria pallida, Desmodium heterophyllum, Impatiens platypetala, Oxalis barrelieri, Polygala paniculata, has the lowest importance value among other plants, namely 3.

Isolation and Identification of Yeasts from Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Fruit and Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Tuber

Different species of yeast inhabit various plant types and parts owing to variations in their nutrient needs. Thus, an effort to identify ideal yeast species for a given industrial process would require a certain level of research input directed toward their habitats. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and isolate yeast cells from the fruit and tuber of tomato and cassava respectively. Yeasts were isolated from the extract of cassava and tomato tuber and fruit respectively. Morphological, biochemical and microscopic assessments were determined using standard procedures. Results obtained from this study showed Saccharomyces constituted (66.7%) of the microbial populations, while Candida constituted (33%) of the sample. In conclusion, it can be deduced from this study that tomatoes can be relied upon as a dependable source of Saccharomyces for certain industrial processes such as the production of brewery products.

Eksplorasi Mikroflora Alami Cairan Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour) Druce di Kawasan Hutan Penelitian dan Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Andalas

Indonesia is a country that is rich in flora and fauna diversity, one of the unique flora in Indonesia is Nepenthes. This bag serves to trap insects or other small animals, the Biology Education and Research Forest (HPPB) is located in the Andalas Limau Manis University campus area which is classified as lowland tropical rain forest which is the habitat of Nepenthes, in the Biology Education and Research Forest (HPPB) this type of pitcher plant, namely Nepenthes mirabilis. Nepenthes mirabilis is a plant that is able to digest insects trapped in pockets at the ends of its leaf tendrils, so it is classified as a carnivorous plant. Microorganisms play an important role in breaking down organic materials into inorganic ones available to plants. Types of bacteria and bacterial populations greatly determine the decomposition process of animals that have been trapped in the bag as a source of nutrients for Nepenthes plants. This study aims to explore the natural microflora of Nepenthes mirabilis fluids, determine the proportional presence of potential bacteria, and determine the in vitro potential of chitinolytic bacteria from Nepenthes mirabilis fluids. This study used a survey method which was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Nepenthes mirabilis fluid contained the presence of Fermentative, Amylolytic, Proteolytic, Chitinolytic and Lipolitical bacteria. Nepenthes mirabilis liquid in open bags contained chitinolytic bacteria, the highest presence of chitinolytic bacteria was found in MBB samples (20,104 cfu/ml) and MBA samples (18,104 cfu/ml). .28), fermentative (2.33 and 2.00), amylolytic (1.42 and 1.28), proteolytic (2.00 and 2.00), lipolytic (1.75 and 1.28).

Soil quality index in some cropping systems in plot 17 of Wanagama forest, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

<p><span>The Wanagama 1 Forest, owned by Universitas Gadjah Mada in Playen, is an educational and research forest that is home to different species of trees that are managed and treated differently. Finding the quality index values for different cropping strategies in plot 17 of Wanagama Educational Forest 1 was the aim of this study. The soil quality index was determined using three methods: simple addition, scoring and weighting, and summation. The results show that in plot 17 of the Wanagama forest, the highest soil quality index values were found for ebony species and the lowest soil quality index values were found for mahogany and </span><em><span>Eucalyptus</span></em><span> species. The results showed that all land uses with different types of forest plants had lower soil quality indices. The stepwise analysis results showed that porosity, organic C, cation exchange capacity (CEC), P availability, K availability, and C biomass influenced the soil quality index. Measuring soil quality can help you learn more about soil properties and how to improve it through effective management.</span></p>