Types Of Plants Research Articles

Analysis of Phenolic Content in Green Tea Kombucha and Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Kombucha Using Spectrophotometer Uv-Vis

Phenolic compounds are compounds that have hydroxyl groups and are most abundant in plants. Green tea and rosella flowers are types of plants that contain phenolic compounds and can be used as ingredients to make kombucha tea drinks. Kombucha is a fermented drink made from tea and sugar which is fermented by a colony of bacteria and yeast. The aim of this research was to determine the levels of phenolic compounds in green tea kombucha and rosella flowers through experimental tests using spectrophotometry uv-vis. The results showed that the phenolic content of green tea kombucha was 162.35 mg/L GAE, while rosella kombucha had a level of 101.30 mg/L GAE. Thus, the phenolic content of green tea kombucha is higher compared to rosella kombucha.

Effect of Two Types of Wastewater Treatment Plants on Antibiotic Resistance of Fecal Coliform

Effect of Two Types of Wastewater Treatment Plants on Antibiotic Resistance of Fecal Coliform

Accumulation of Glomalin-Related Soil Protein Regulated by Plantation Types and Vertical Distribution of Soil Characteristics in Southern China

Accumulation of Glomalin-Related Soil Protein Regulated by Plantation Types and Vertical Distribution of Soil Characteristics in Southern China

Vitality behind desolation: Characteristics and succession process of plant communities in the Chongqing special steel plant brownfield

Phytoremediation is a sustainable way to clean contaminated urban soil, but selecting the right plants and designing communities is crucial. This study focuses on the vegetation in a disused steel plant in Chongqing, China, abandoned for nearly two decades. The goal is to reveal the plant community and succession patterns to inform the restoration of brownfield sites. This study combined the sample line and plot to investigate the vegetation and its growth environment in the Steel Plant. Information was recorded, including plant species, quantity, distribution, soil nutrients, humidity, and light. Cluster analysis categorized plant community types, and redundancy analysis examined the link between environmental conditions and plant types. The study found that: 1) There are 65 plant species (including 13 native trees) in the steel plant’s brownfield area, with Broussonetia papyrifera, Pteris vittata, and Debregeasia orientalis being the most abundant. The plants inside the plant were divided into seven groups based on species composition. 2) Soil moisture showed a significant positive correlation (Pearson index of 0.628) with plant survival, followed by a notable correlation with light intensity. 3) Environmental conditions partly influenced plant species composition and abundance variations. 4) 11 hyper-accumulating plant species were identified, focusing on three: the As hyper-accumulator Pteris vittata and the Cd hyper-accumulators Solanum nigrum and Debregeasia orientalis. The findings of this research will offer valuable insights for applying phytoremediation techniques in addressing contamination issues in brownfields within steel plants.

Soil depth and physicochemical properties influence microbial dynamics in the rhizosphere of two Peruvian superfood trees, cherimoya and lucuma, as shown by PacBio-HiFi sequencing

The characterization of soil microbial communities at different depths is essential to understand their impact on nutrient availability, soil fertility, plant growth and stress tolerance. We analyzed the microbial community at three depths (3 cm, 12 cm, and 30 cm) in the native fruit trees Annona cherimola (cherimoya) and Pouteria lucuma (lucuma), which provide fruits in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. We used PacBio-HiFi, a long-read high-throughput sequencing to explore the composition, diversity and putative functionality of rhizosphere bacterial communities at different soil depths. Bacterial diversity, encompassing various phyla, families, and genera, changed with depth. Notable differences were observed in the alpha diversity indices, especially the Shannon index. Beta diversity also varied based on plant type and depth. In cherimoya soils, positive correlations with Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) were observed, but negative ones with certain cations. In lucuma soils, indices like the Shannon index exhibited negative correlations with several metals and specific soil properties. We proposed that differences between the plant rhizosphere environments may explain the variance in their microbial diversity. This study provides insights into the microbial communities present at different soil depths, highlighting the prevalence of decomposer bacteria. Further research is necessary to elucidate their specific metabolic features and overall impact on crop growth and quality.

Pendampingan Tamanisasi: Upaya Meningkatkan Daya Tarik Bukit Tinatar sebagai Destinasi Wisata Alam

Tinatar Hill is a natural destination located in Sri Mulyo Village, Piyungan District, Bantul Regency, currently requiring management to increase its natural charm to attract more visitors. Pengelola Wisata Bukit Tinatar has synergized with the local community and the Srimulyo Village Government to make various breakthroughs to make Bukit Tinatar a natural tourist destination that is popular with tourists. However, the land on Tinatar Hill is less fertile, so during the dry season, this tourist area looks very barren and hot. Pengelola Wisata has reforested several plants that dry out and die during the dry season. Pengelola Wisata Bukit Tinatar also continues to improve by creating a main park that tourists can find before entering the hill area. However, Pengelola Wisata still encounter obstacles regarding the types of plants that suit the conditions of the barren land and their maintenance. Based on this background, this service activity aims to increase Pengelola Wisata' capacity to create the main park on Tinatar Hill through outreach and mentoring activities. Service is carried out in the form of counseling activities, assistance with ornamental plants, and assistance with garden maintenance. The result of this dedication is the creation of the main park and the Pengelola Wisata' ability to maintain the park, but in the long term, there is still a need for high awareness of caring for the park.

Occurrence, persistence, and removal of contaminants of emerging concern through drinking water treatment processes – A case study in South Africa

The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in drinking water is a global issue of concern. Evidence galore of the potential impacts of CECs on human health, yet there are no concrete guidelines or regulatory oversight to effectively tackle CECs exposure from drinking water. As a result, CECs concentrations can be well-above the suggested thresholds, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to undeveloped or underdeveloped (waste)water treatment infrastructure and/or substandard treatment practices. Yet, CECs occurrence and particularly their persistence during drinking water treatment is not well-documented in such settings. For this reason, here, the occurrence of 19 CECs was monitored across the different treatment steps (coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, and chlorination) of a typical water treatment plant in South Africa using UPLC-MS/MS. The most dominant CEC was, by and large, efavirenz (1103.9 ± 743.1 ng/L in raw water) tracing back to antiretroviral treatment for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and revealing unpleasant realities about the HIV epidemic crisis in Sub-Sahara Africa (Global South) and possible drug abuse for illicit drug (whoonga/nyaope) manufacturing. For the other examined CECs, their concentrations in drinking water were, from higher to lower score: 1,7 dimethylxanthine (403.3 ± 244.2 ng/L) ≥ emtricitabine (358.4 ± 250.8 ng/L) ≥ atrazine (227.0 ± 61.0 ng/L) ≥ caffeine (194.1 ± 216.5 ng/L) ≥ tramadol (189.5 ± 112.4 ng/L) ≥ carbamazepine (122.9 ± 24.5 ng/L) ≥ sulfamethoxazole (107.8 ± 55.1 ng/L) ≥ methaqualone (72.2 ± 20.5 ng/L) ≥ benzotriazole (61.2 ± 18.8 ng/L) ≥ trimethoprim (59.1 ± 30.4 ng/L) ≥ cetirizine (33.7 ± 19.6 ng/L) ≥ codeine (26.7 ± 57.2 ng/L) ≥ naproxen (25.7 ± 11.3 ng/L) ≥ venlafaxine (21.6 ± 16.3 ng/L) ≥ acetaminophen (17.7 ± 25.8 ng/L) ≥ benzoylecgonine (9.6 ± 5.1 ng/L) ≥ methamphetamine (8.6 ± 6.4 ng/L) ≥ diclofenac (5.2 ± 7.9 ng/L). The large standard deviations indicate the high temporal variations in CECs releases in freshwater. The silver lining is that in the final drinking water, CECs concentrations are greatly reduced, with percentage removals in the range of 9 % (diclofenac) to 75 % (efavirenz). Nonetheless, in LMICs tangible limits and regulatory frameworks for the effective removal of CECs from drinking water, along with more robust polishing techniques such as activated carbon treatment, are missing and should be introduced to avoid the worst effects of CECs exposure.

Simulation of red mud/phosphogypsum-based artificial soil engineering applications in vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction

Red mud and phosphogypsum are two of the most typical bulk industrial solid wastes. How they can be efficiently recycled as resources on a large scale and at low costs has always been a global issue that urgently needs to be solved. By constructing a small-scale test site and preparing two types of artificial soils using red mud and phosphogypsum, this study simulated their engineering applications in vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction. According to the results of this study, the artificial soils contained a series of major elements (e.g. O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, and Mg) similar to those in common natural soil, and preliminarily possessed basic physicochemical properties (pH, moisture, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity), main nutrient conditions (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and biochemical characteristics that could meet the demands of plant growth. A total of 18 different types of adaptable plants (e.g. wood, herbs, flowers, succulents, etc) grew in the test sites, indicating that the artificial soils could be used for vegetation greening and landscaping. The preliminary formation of microbial (fungal and bacterial) community diversity and the gradually enriched arthropod community diversity reflected the constantly improving quality of the artificial soils, suggesting that they could be used for the gradual construction of artificial soil micro-ecosystems. Overall, the artificial soils provided a feasible solution for the large-scale, low-cost, and highly efficient synergistic disposal of red mud and phosphogypsum, with enormous potential for future engineering applications. They are expected to be used for vegetation greening, landscaping, and ecological environment improvement in tailings, collapse, and soil-deficient areas, as well as along municipal roads.

Occurrence and Favorable Enrichment Environment of Lithium in Gaoping Coal Measures: Evidence from Mineralogy and Geochemistry

The Carboniferous-Permian coal measure strata in the Qinshui Basin exhibit highly lithium (Li) enrichment, with substantial exploitation potential. To further explore the enrichment mechanism of lithium in coal measure strata, the No. 15 coal of the Taiyuan Formation from the Gaoping mine is taken as the research object, and its mineralogical and geochemistry characteristics are evaluated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, and infrared spectral. The results show that the No. 15 coal is semi-anthracite coal with low moisture, low ash, low volatility, and high sulfur. Organic macerals are primarily vitrinite, followed by inertinite, and liptinite is rare; the inorganic macerals (ash) are dominated by clay minerals (predominantly kaolinite, cookeite, illite, and NH4-illite), calcite, pyrite, quartz, siderite, gypsum, and zircon. The average Li content in the coal is 66.59 μg/g, with higher content in the coal parting (566.00 μg/g) and floor (396.00 μg/g). Lithium in coal occurs primarily in kaolinite, illite, cookeite, and is closely related to titanium-bearing minerals. In addition, Li in organic maceral may occur in liptinite. The No. 15 coal was formed in the coastal depositional system, and the deposition palaeoenvironment is primarily a wet–shallow water covered environment in open swamp facies; the plant tissue preservation index is poor, and aquatic or herbaceous plants dominate the plant type. The reducing environment with more terrestrial detritus, an arid climate, and strong hydrodynamic effects is favorable for Li enrichment in coal. The results have important theoretical significance for exploring the enrichment and metallogenic mechanisms of Li in coal.

Taxon‐specific response of natural enemies to different flower strip mixtures

Abstract Flower strips are a prominent agri‐environmental scheme with the central objective to promote biodiversity and maintain associated ecosystem services. The promotion of natural enemies by increasing resource availability through flower strips is a promising approach for integrated pest management. In a 3‐year field study, two annual and two perennial flower strip mixtures, as well as a grass mixture, were tested regarding their attractiveness for natural enemies at three different study sites in Germany. Natural enemies were sampled annually in nine sampling rounds at a 10‐day rhythm using sweep netting and pitfall traps. To assess available floral resources, we estimated the species‐specific flower cover and classified species into flower types. Flower strip mixtures differed in their attractiveness to natural enemies. Treatment effects on arthropod activity density were most pronounced in the second and third year. Overall, perennial were more attractive than annual flower strip mixtures for most natural enemies, however, the response to flower strip mixtures varied significantly among taxa. For example, perennial flower strips showed a two‐ to fourfold increase of plant‐dwelling spider and parasitoid wasp activity density as well as higher numbers of juvenile stages of predatory bugs and rove beetles compared to annual flower strips. In contrast, annual flower strip mixtures showed the highest attractiveness for ground beetles. Moreover, different natural enemy taxa were associated with varying flower strip characteristics such as flower type proportion, herbivore availability and plant species richness. Synthesis and applications. We found taxon‐specific responses of natural enemies to different flower strips, which provide guidance for the floral composition of flower strips in order to maximize their effectiveness for natural pest control. We suggest the use of perennial mixtures with high proportion of flower heads (Asteraceae) and disk flowers (esp. Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Brassicaceae) in particular, but also flag blossoms (Fabaceae) as these flower types were positively associated with several natural enemy groups. However, since we found mixed responses to flower types, specific flower strip composition will ultimately depends on its objective.

Sustainable carbon retention from water input to wetlands at two temporal scales

Wetlands retain carbon from flowing water through biomass accumulation and deposition processes. However, the contributions of accumulated carbon from water to carbon storage and cycling in wetland ecosystems remain unclear. Moreover, there are no comprehensive estimates of the stability and sustainability of wetland performance in retention of carbon from water on different time scales. We conducted a meta-analysis (2889 paired observations) to estimate the stability and sustainability of constructed wetlands in retention of carbon from input water on short and long time scales. This study showed that the efficiency of carbon retention from water in wetlands significantly increased on short time scales, whereas it remained stable on long time scales and among different seasons. The usage of grave, alum sludge and all types of plant had higher effect sizes on short-term wetland water carbon retention, but the long-term stability of water carbon retention was not affected by substrates or plant types. Variations in precipitation as well as air temperature affected the short-term water carbon retention in wetlands, but they did not affect long-term water carbon retention in wetlands. However, on long time scale, the stability of water carbon retention in wetlands was challenged by operation time, low water temperature and high hydraulic load rate, which posed a threat to the sustainability of wetland performance in water carbon retention. In summary, this study demonstrated the stability and sustainability of carbon retention from water and proved the contribution of accumulated carbon from water to the carbon pool in wetland ecosystems.

Optimization and Tradeoff Analysis for Multiple Configurations of Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage Systems in Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol Sector.

Bio-energy systems with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) will be essential if countries are to meet the gas emission reduction targets established in the 2015 Paris Agreement. This study seeks to carry out a thermodynamic optimization and analysis of a BECCS technology for a typical Brazilian cogeneration plant. To maximize generated net electrical energy (MWe) and carbon dioxide CO2 capture (Mt/year), this study evaluated six cogeneration systems integrated with a chemical absorption process using MEA. A key performance indicator (gCO2/kWh) was also evaluated. The set of optimal solutions shows that the single regenerator configuration (REG1) resulted in more CO2 capture (51.9% of all CO2 emissions generated by the plant), penalized by 14.9% in the electrical plant's efficiency. On the other hand, the reheated configuration with three regenerators (Reheat3) was less power-penalized (7.41%) but had a lower CO2 capture rate (36.3%). Results showed that if the CO2 capture rates would be higher than 51.9%, the cogeneration system would reach a higher specific emission (gCO2/kWh) than the cogeneration base plant without a carbon capture system, which implies that low capture rates (<51%) in the CCS system guarantee an overall net reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in sugarcane plants for power and ethanol production.

Characterization of Forest Soil Acidification in Wenzhou Daluoshan and Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve

Forest soil acidification is a global environmental problem, and forest ecosystems play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems. To provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of areas, this study selected Daluoshan and Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China and determined the characteristics of soil acidification in the two forested areas and the relationship between forest soil acidification and soil physicochemical properties. The forest soil pH value of Daluoshan was 4.25–5.40, and that of Wuyanling was 4.14–5.71. There was a significant difference between the mean soil pH values of the two woodlands (p &lt; 0.01). The two forest soils were dominated by strongly acidic soils, and the top layer of the soils was susceptible to disturbances by environmental factors. With the increase in altitude, different layers of soil in the forests in the two woodland areas showed deepening acidification. Regarding the different plant types and slope directions, the soils under trees in the forests showed the most serious acidification, followed by the soils under shrubs and herbs. Compared with the soils on the leeward slopes, the soils of the forest sites on the windward slopes showed a more severe situation of soil acidification. Redundancy analysis between forest soil acidity indicators and soil physicochemical properties in the two forest sites showed that the main environmental factor affecting soil acidity indicators was salt base saturation, and soil pH and active state Cr, Ni, and Pb showed negative correlations in both forest sites.

Chirps and Silence: A Study of Ecocriticism in Poetry’s by Sugiarto B. Darmawan

In an era where environmental degradation is accelerating due to human activities, research on ecology has become very important. For this reason, Sugiarto B. Darmawan's poems are important to explore the relationship between humans and nature. The purpose of this research is to explore the poems of Sugiarto B. Darmawan in the perspective of literary ecocriticism. The research data source is a poem by Sugiarto B. Darmawan published in the Borobudur Festival Writers. The research method uses hermeneutics. The study results show that the poems by Sugiarto B. Darmawan represent environmental wisdom. Literary ecocriticism in Sugiarto B. Darmawan's poem describes the beauty and diversity of nature and its interaction with human life. In his poems, Sugiarto B. Darmawan lovingly and appreciatively describes the flora and fauna that adorn the surrounding nature, from the birds that enliven the morning with their chirping, to the various types of trees and plants that cover the hills and valleys. These poems invite readers to reflect on the importance of maintaining the balance of nature. The lives of animals and plants described in his poem show how nature and humans are interdependent. A harmonious life in nature reflects the balance that humans must maintain. The practical implication of this study is the use of literature as a tool for education and public awareness about the importance of protecting the environment. By depicting the beauty and diversity of nature, as well as the negative impacts of environmental damage, these poems can be an effective tool to inspire conservation and conservation actions.

The Mechanism of the Development and Maintenance of Sexual Dimorphism in the Dioecious Mulberry Plant (Morus alba).

Intersexual differentiation is crucial for the speciation and maintenance of dioecious plants, but the underlying mechanisms, including the genes involved, are still poorly understood. Here, we focused on a typical dioicous plant Morus alba, to explore the molecular footprints relevant to sex evolution by revealing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two sexes and the testing signals of selection for these DEGs. From the results, we found a total of 1543 DEGs. Interestingly, 333 and 66 genes expression were detected only in male and female inflorescences, respectively. Using comparative transcriptomics, the expression of 841 genes were found to be significantly higher in male than in female inflorescences and were mainly enriched in defense-related pathways including the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, cutin, suberine and waxes. Meanwhile, the expression of 702 genes was female-biased and largely enriched in pathways related to growth and development, such as carbohydrate metabolism, auxin signaling and cellular responses. In addition, 16.7% and 17.6% signals of selection were significantly detected in female- and male-biased genes, respectively, suggesting their non-negligible role in evolution. Our findings expanded the understanding of the molecular basis of intersexual differentiation and contribute to further research on sex evolution in dioecious plants.

Harnessing the plant microbiome for sustainable crop production.

Global research on the plant microbiome has enhanced our understanding of the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms. The structure and functions of plant-associated microorganisms, as well as the genetic, biochemical, physical and metabolic factors that influence the beneficial traits of plant microbiota have also been intensively studied. Harnessing the plant microbiome has led to the development of various microbial applications to improve crop productivity in the face of a range of challenges, for example, climate change, abiotic and biotic stresses, and declining soil properties. Microorganisms, particularly nitrogen-fixing rhizobia as well as mycorrhizae and biocontrol agents, have been applied for decades to improve plant nutrition and health. Still, there are limitations regarding efficacy and consistency under field conditions. Also, the wealth of expanding knowledge on microbiome diversity, functions and interactions represents a huge source of information to exploit for new types of application. In this Review, we explore plant microbiome functions, mechanisms, assembly and types of interaction, and discuss current applications and their pitfalls. Furthermore, we elaborate on how the latest findings in plant microbiome research may lead to the development of new or more advanced applications. Finally, we discuss research gaps to fully leverage microbiome functions for sustainable plant production.

A Electron micrograph of the leaf epidermal structure of legumes

Our goal was to find morphological features that can help us identify or describe the stomata ontogeny and epidermal structures. Our team got seeds of two types of leguminous plants—Arachis hypogaea L. groundnuts and Vigna subterranean L. bambaranuts—from the Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority and the Yankaba market in Nassarawa, which is in Kano State. The study specifically evaluated the leaf epidermal studies, stomata development (ontogeny), types of stomata, stomata size, pore length, pore width, and stomata index in both the surfaces of the leaves. We conducted ontogenetic studies using safety razor blades on the epidermal layers. We determined the stomata index by studying the type of stomata, the number of stomata, and the number of epidermal cells. We subjected the obtained data to a one-way analysis of variance. All the studied varieties/species exhibited amphistomatic stomata on both surfaces, with a higher density on the lower surface. In SAMNUT 23, we found the paracytic type of stomata, which is perigynous and has an irregular anticlinal cell wall. In Dandakar, we found the tetracyclic type, which is mesogynous and has a pentagonal epidermal cell shape and a slightly straight anticlinal cell wall. Finally, in Bambara nuts, we found the endocytic type, which is polygonal with a curved anticlinal wall and a mesoperigynous ontogeny.

Overexpression of the ribosome-inactivating protein OsRIP1 modulates the jasmonate signaling pathway in rice.

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are plant enzymes that target the rRNA. The cytoplasmic RIP, called OsRIP1, plays a crucial role in regulating jasmonate, a key plant hormone. Understanding the role of OsRIP1 can provide insights into enhancing stress tolerance and optimizing growth of rice. Transcription profiling by mRNA sequencing was employed to measure the changes in gene expression in rice plants in response to MeJA treatment. Compared to wild type (WT) plants, OsRIP1 overexpressing rice plants showed a lower increase in mRNA transcripts for genes related to jasmonate responses when exposed to MeJA treatment for 3 h. After 24 h of MeJA exposure, the mRNA transcripts associated with the gibberellin pathway occurred in lower levels in OsRIP1 overexpressing plants compared to WT plants. We hypothesize that the mechanism underlying OsRIP1 antagonization of MeJA-induced shoot growth inhibition involves cytokinin-mediated leaf senescence and positive regulation of cell cycle processes, probably via OsRIP1 interaction with 40S ribosomal protein S5 and α-tubulin. Moreover, the photosystem II 10kDa polypeptide was identified to favorably bind to OsRIP1, and its involvement may be attributed to the reduction of photosynthesis in OsRIP1-overexpressing plants subjected to MeJA at the early timepoint (3 h).

Edukasi Pemanfaatan Biji Nangka Berkhasiat sebagai Antibakteri

Jackfruit seeds contain several secondary metabolite compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. Jackfruit plants are one type of plant that can grow in tropical areas, so it is easy to find in Indonesia. The purpose of this community service is to improve and provide information and education to the community that the use of jackfruit seeds can be efficacious as an antibacterial. The results of the implementation of community service programs in the form of counseling to the community that there are benefits of jackfruit seeds used as antibacterial. So far, the public does not know that jackfruit seeds, which are often thrown away, can be efficacious as an antibacterial. The conclusion that the counseling was carried out according to the implementation and plan, received a good response from the surrounding community, the community also got information and knowledge and could apply the information for the family.

The impacts of drought on the ecological niches of typical wetland plants in Poyang Lake, China

ABSTRACT Poyang Lake wetland plays an important ecological service function. Frequent drought events have caused significant changes in the distribution pattern of wetland plants. This study analyzed the changes in the distribution elevation of wetland plants in Poyang Lake from 2000 to 2020, including the optimal elevation, and upper and lower limit elevations, and revealed the impacts of drought on the ecological niches of typical wetland plants. The results showed that the wetland plants were distributed in a regular strip pattern according to the elevation gradient. The Polygonum hydropiper–Phalaris arundinacea (PP), Carex cinerascens (Cc), Phragmites australis–Triarrhena lutarioriparia (PT), and Artemisia selengensis (As) communities were mainly distributed at elevations of 8.70–13.62 m, 10.35–14.99 m, 12.00–16.28 m, and 11.82–18.46 m, with optimal elevations of 11.16, 12.67, 14.14, and 15.14 m, respectively. Although the optimal elevations and upper limit elevations of four typical wetland plants exhibited different changing trends, their lower limit elevations showed the significant downward trends, especially for Cc and PP communities. Moreover, drought caused a varying degree of decrease (0.16–0.34 m) in the optimal elevations of four typical wetland plants, the upper and lower limit elevations of most wetland plants had also decreased in dry years.