Types Of Yarns Research Articles

Uticaj sirovinskog sastava muških čarapa na termofiziološki komfor u dinamičkim uslovima

The influence of environmental conditions on the thermo-physiological comfort of men's socks was investigated using an objective assessment of comfort under dynamic conditions. Men's socks made in a 3:1 rib construction from three types of basic yarns (77%) were used: bamboo, cotton, and a cotton/polyester blend. The remaining composition of the socks is identical: filament polyamide yarn (22%) and wrapped rubber thread (1%) for the welt. The influence of climate factors artificially created in the climate chamber was analyzed by measuring three physiological parameters: skin temperature, relative humidity of the skin, and microclimate in the space between the sock and the shoe on both feet. The research results show that the raw material composition of the base yarn used in the manufacture of men's socks has a significant impact on thermo-physiological comfort when wearing socks. Under artificially created conditions in the climate chamber, an ambient temperature of 20 °C and relative humidity of 50% (autumn and spring conditions), socks with basic yarn made of a cotton/polyester blend are preferred, then with a base yarn made of cotton, and finally socks with a base yarn made of bamboo. The data from the study provide valuable information for the clothing industry in designing and defining the choice of base yarn to produce socks, depending on the conditions of use.

The effect of weft yarn type and elastomer yarn threading on the properties of elastic warp knitted fabrics. Part II: Thermal comfort properties

The aim of this study is to determine the performance properties of elastic warp-knitted fabrics used for medical purposes. The samples were knitted using different weft yarn material and changing the threading order of elastomer yarn. The detailed results of the dimensional and elasticity performance of elastic warp-knitted fabrics had been reported in Part I of this series. In this part, the effects of weft yarn material and the threading order of elastomer yarn on the thermal comfort characteristics were investigated. It has been seen that the type and linear density of the transverse weft yarns and the number of elastomer yarns in the fabric structure affected significantly the thermal comfort and permeability characteristics of the developed elastic warp-knitted fabrics. According to the results, using polyester yarns as weft and reducing the number of elastomer yarns led to an increase in air permeability. Additionally, the thermal conductivity characteristics of the fabrics increased as the number of elastomer yarns in the structure increased. It has been seen that from the results, the water vapour resistance coefficient of the samples is appropriate for the usage of these fabrics in medical products.

Embroidered textile electrodes for long-term ECG monitoring

Electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring is very important for the diagnosis and examination of heart-related diseases. Electrodes are the main components in monitoring and recording ECG signals. In this work, we have developed embroidered electrodes using two types of conductive yarns. ECG detection performance of the electrodes was measured at static and dynamic conditions and results were compared to standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. The electrodes were developed with three different dimensional areas to investigate the effect of the size on ECG acquisition performance. ECG signals collected from both the embroidered and standard Ag/AgCl electrodes have visible P, QRS, and T waveforms. Signals collected using large-size textile electrodes show better signal amplitude, which would reveal that the performance of the electrodes becomes improved with an increase in size. However, signals collect more artifacts dynamic conditions contain motion artifacts, indicating this aspect requires further improvement.

Influence of structural and constructional parameters of knitted fabrics on the thermal properties of men's socks

The research is focused on determining the influence of structural and constructional parameters of rib knitted fabrics on the thermal properties of men's socks. Men's socks are made in three different pattern constructions of three types of basic yarns: bamboo, cotton and a cotton/polyester blend with the additional filament polyamide yarn and wrapped rubber wire for the so-called render socks. For all analyzed sock rib patterns, the most important structural parameters of the yarn and construction parameters of the knitted fabrics were determined. Thermal properties of socks such as the cool touch feeling property, thermal conductivity, heat retention coefficient and thermal resistance were determined by using Thermal Labo and Thermal Mannequin measuring devices. The structural and constructional parameters of knitted fabrics were shown to affect the investigated thermal properties of the socks, making them more or less insulating or heat conducting. Values of the warm-cold feeling parameter as well as thermal conductivity vary depending on the construction pattern, showing a decrease as the number of face loops is increased i.e. in the sequence R1:1> R3:1> R7:1. The ability to retain heat decreases in the opposite sequence R7:1 > R3:1 > R1:1. The highest values of heat retention were determined for R7:1 rib knitted socks by both methods. A regression equation has been established with thickness, loop length, mass per unit area and porosity as independent variables, and thermal resistance (determined by the Thermo Labo method) as the dependent variable. The loop length and mass per unit area were shown to contribute significantly to the model.

Minimization of Air Consumption and Potential Savings of Textile Denim Fabric Manufacturing Process

One of the most important aspects of Bangladesh’s textile industry is denim. Bangladesh now has a new opportunity thanks to the global demand for denim among fashion industry professionals. Entrepreneurs from Bangladesh provide denim products to well-known international merchants all over the world. The worldwide denim market is predicted to expand by roughly 8% through the year 2020. We must raise the standard of denim if we are to keep up with the expanding industry. In contrast to projectile and rapier systems, air-jet weaving machines nowadays can weave practically all types of yarns without any issues and at higher rates. Due to this, air-jet looms are an excellent substitute for other weft insertion techniques. This kind of device still has one significant flaw, though, and that is the enormous power consumption brought on by the creation of compressed air. Researchers and manufacturers of air-jet looms have therefore worked very hard to find a solution to this issue and achieve a huge reduction in air consumption without compromising loom performance or fabric quality. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to look into ways to decrease air consumption and reduce auxiliary selvedge waste without any decrease in loom performance and fabric quality on existing air-jet weaving looms which reduce the manufacturing costs with process improvement. Just updating the air pressure allowed a weaving mill to reduce air usage by 11 cfm. So, with just almost no cost, a company with 100 looms could save $0.15 M each year, on compressed air. Two new methods for decreasing process costs on air jet looms have also been developed by this project work.

Istraživanje efekta korišćenja PLA pređa potke na neka svojstva tkanine

Using Polylactic acid (PLA) fibers in textiles may be accepted as a sustainable manner in terms of their being biodegradable under specific conditions, unlike traditional synthetic fibers like polyester or nylon, which take a long time to break down and contribute to environmental pollution. Additionally, PLA fibers break down into simpler compounds, reducing environmental impact. This study investigates the effect of some weft yarn properties such as weft yarn types including PLA yarn, recycled PET-Trevira yarn, Polyester yarn, and the weft density factors on tear strength, air permeability, and some fastness properties of plain, twill, and satin fabrics. 9 different types of plain, twill, and satin fabric groups were produced by using 3 different weft yarn types (Polyester, recycled Polyester-Trevira, PLA) at the 3 different weft densities (24,26,28 threads/cm for plain, 32, 34,36 threads/ cm for twill, 36,38,40 threads/cm for satin groups) were produced where a total of 27 different drapery samples were obtained. SPSS Statistical analyses and bar graphs were used for the evaluation of the results. Randomized two-way ANOVA was used at the significance level of 0.05 among the plain, twill, and satin groups separately. Additionally, SNK tests were also performed to observe the means of each parameter. General evaluations of washing, dry cleaning, and rubbing fastness of dyed fabrics were also inserted.

Efekat proizvodnih parametara poliesterskih pređa na toplotna svojstva i udobnost tkanina za draperije

This study has been performed to investigate the eff ECT some weft yarn properties such as weft yarn type, fiber cross sectional shape of the yarn and the incorporated TiO 2 amount (%) during yarn spinning process on some thermal comfort properties of drapery fabrics such as thermal, air permeability and water vapor permeability properties. 12 woven drapery fabrics were produced by using 334/192 denier/fi l draw textured polyester and 400/192 denier/fi l air jet textured polyester weft yarns produced with different fiber cross sectional shape (round, hollow) and different amount of incorporated TiO2 additive (0.3%, 1.2%, 1.8%) and with the same 150 denier Trev-ira yarns at the weft density of 26 threads/cm. SPSS Statistical software package and bar graphs were utilized for the evaluation of the results. Randomized three-way ANOVA was utilized at the significance level of 0.05. And SNK tests were also performed for observing the means of each parameter.

The effect of weft yarn type and elastomer yarn threading on the properties of elastic warp knitted fabrics. Part 1: Structure and elasticity

The demand for medical textile products is increasing with awareness regarding better healthcare services and efficient medical treatments. Compared to other textiles, elastic warp knitted materials, which have elastomer threads in each wale have been widely used in producing medical and preventive products. Thus, in order to decrease the weight and cost of these products without effect on fabric’s stretchability, in this study, various elastic warp knitted fabrics were produced using different raw materials and elastomer threading arrangements, and their properties were investigated. The fabrics were produced on a crochet knitting machine with five different arrangements of elastomer threading and four different laid-in yarn materials as polyester, cotton, and linen. Then the dimensional properties and elastic behaviors of the samples were determined and evaluated comparatively. Statistical analysis showed that all studied elastic warp knitted fabrics have high provide elasticity at a higher than 95% level. On the other hand, the mass per unit area of the fabric is reduced, with the use of linen yarn as weft yarn, or when the total linear density of the weft yarn and the amount of elastomer threads decrease. Finally, the obtained results revealed the possibility to reduce elastomer consumption to decrease weight for elastic medical products, which were developed, without effect on fabric’s stretchability and elasticity as well as replacing synthetic threads with natural yarns in order to improve product comfort.

Investigation of comfort properties of knitted fabrics made of core-spun vortex yarns

Different yarn spinning methods with different fiber combinations provide an optimization for the consumer requests of durability, functionality, comfort, and price. Vortex yarns and the fabrics produced from these yarns have aroused interest for the last years owing to lower yarn production cost and the satisfying fabric comfort properties. Within this work, core-spun vortex knitted fabrics of three different yarn count (400, 300, and 200 dtex) with six different core yarn type (70 dtex Polyvinyl alcohol, 110/36 dtex/filament polyester yarn, 80/36 dtex/filament polyester yarn, 110/333 dtex/filament micro polyester yarn, 50/96 dtex/filament, 120 dtex staple polyester vortex yarn) and two different sheath sliver types (100% viscose, polyester-viscose blended sliver) were studied. Moisture management transport property (MMT), water vapor permeability, and air permeability properties of those knitted fabrics were evaluated comparatively. Obtained results were statistically evaluated using three-way ANOVA test. It was determined that core yarn type, sheath sliver type, and yarn linear density were generally influential factors on MMT, water vapor permeability, air permeability properties of the core-spun vortex fabrics at significance level of 0.05. Correlation analyses between yarn hairiness and water vapor permeability as well as between yarn hairiness and air permeability were indicated. The conducted work provides an initial phase toward a better understanding of influence of some core-spun vortex yarn parameters on comfort properties of knitted fabrics.

Response Features of Silk Warp Yarns during Weaving

ABSTRACT Raw, undegummed organzine, and degummed organzine mulberry warp silk yarns were subjected to cyclic loading on tensile testing instrument by simulating the conditions of the loom during weaving. Minimum and maximum load for these cyclic loading were designated based on the theoretical base tension on the warp yarns and maximum tension at beat-up process. The speed of cyclic loading was attuned to match with the speed of the conventional power loom. The stress-strain curves of the yarns were analyzed and the deformation behavior was investigated with respect to yield point, maximum load, elongation, and energy. The response of silk warp yarn to fatigue developed during weaving due to its tensile deformation behavior was studied at the fabric formation stage. All the three warp yarns exhibited significant deformation during weaving. Cyclic loading had resulted in modification of the tensile deformation characteristics of the three different types of mulberry silk yarns and the deformations in the hookean region signified the phenomenon of strain hardening.

Virtual technical analysis of archaeological textiles by synchrotron microtomography

Archaeological textile remains from Antiquity are rare due to their perishable nature. In certain cases, the conservation of the morphology and/or of chemical signatures can be exquisite. Detailed archaeological information on the social and cultural life of past societies, such as on funerary practices, can then be deduced from their study. In temperate climates, these cases of exceptional preservation mainly involve textiles closely associated with corroded metal artefacts (i.e. copper or iron based), through a process called mineralisation. An essential step in understanding these textiles is the study of morphometric parameters documenting their manufacturing processes, which is carried out by archaeologists under the name of technical analysis. In this article, we show how the use of high-resolution synchrotron-based microtomography (μCT) can contribute to performing a non-invasive 3D technical analysis of archaeological textiles and overpass several limitations of the conventional techniques. We show that several standard parameters (e.g. weave type, type of yarn, direction of twist, thread count) characterising the manufacturing of these ancient textiles can be determined, while some of them are very difficult to obtain using optical and electronic microscopies. In addition, the statistical representativeness of the data can be examined. The comparison between the three approaches – manual measurements either from surface microscopy or from selected virtual sections and automated analysis on 3D volumes – leads to question the differences between the quantitative results obtained. While the manual selection of measurement points is inherently associated to perceptual biases, the automated process may also come with limitations and biases which we detail in order to make the method more robust for future use. We analyse these implications by studying a textile from the locality of Le Paradis in Creney-près-Troyes (Aube, France, 5th century BC), taken as a typical case of fragmentary textile difficult to analyse by standard analytical methods.

Wear comfort and thermal insulation of ceramic-imbedded fabrics with different yarn structures by thermal manikin experiment

PurposeThis study examined the wear comfort and thermal insulation properties of Al2O3/graphite particle-imbedded sheath/core and dispersed fabrics via a thermal manikin experiment.Design/methodology/approachAl2O3/graphite sheath/core and dispersed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarn (POY 120d/24f) were spun using a pilot melt bi-component conjugated spinning machine, which was texturized as 75d/24f on the belt-type texturing machine. The woven fabric specimens were made using nylon 70d/34f in the warp with three types of weft yarn: Al2O3/graphite sheath/core, dispersed and regular PET yarns. Thermal insulation properties were measured and compared in terms of the heat retention rate (I) by KES-F7 apparatus and the maximum surface temperature by light heat emission equipment, as verified by the emissivity of various fabric specimens by far-infrared ray experiment. In addition, this study examined the thermal insulation (Clo value) characteristics of the clothes made of Al2O3/graphite sheath/core and dispersed fabrics using a thermal manikin apparatus, which were compared with the properties of regular PET clothing.FindingsThe thermal insulation of the dispersed fabric was superior to that of the sheath/core fabric, which was tentatively attributed to the higher emissivity of the dispersed yarn with Al2O3/graphite particles distributed over the whole yarn cross-section than that from the core of the sheath/core yarn. This result for the clothing measured using a thermal manikin was consistent with the higher heat retention rate (I) and the maximum surface temperature of the dispersed fabric than that of the sheath/core fabric. In addition, the thermal insulation of the dispersed and sheath/core fabrics was superior to that of the regular PET fabric, which revealed that the Al2O3/graphite particles imbedded in the dispersed and sheath/core yarns exerted a greater effect on the heat storage and release characteristics compared to that of the TiO2 particles in regular PET yarn. The Clo values of the dispersed and sheath/core fabrics under the light-on condition were much higher than those under the light-off condition, and furthermore, the difference of the Clo value between the sheath/core and regular PET fabrics under light-on condition was approximately 1.7 times greater than that under the light-off condition. These results revealed that the far-infrared rays emitted from the Al2O3/graphite particles imbedded in the sheath/core and dispersed yarns enhance the heat storage and release characteristics from the fabric under the light-on condition, i.e. under the sunlight.Originality/valueThe previously examined thermal wear comfort properties of the various inorganic particle-imbedded fabrics were measured with the fabric state, not clothing, which could not provide objective data related to the actual wearing performance of clothing.

Reliability analysis of stretchable workwear fabric under abrasive damage: influence of stretch yarn composition

ABSTRACT Movement comfort is an important performance parameter for workwear fabric. The lower value of load developed in the fabric at a certain extension level indicates lower stress on the skin and easier body movement. After repeated usage, there is a possibility of degradation in this movement comfort due to abrasion and cyclic loading. Measurement of the probability of successful performance of the workwear fabric in terms of movement comfort during usage is possible through reliability analysis. The present study is concerned with the reliability analysis of the body movement comfort of the workwear fabric under abrasive damage. The effect of composition and structure of different types of stretch yarn, i.e. cotton core spun, polyester core spun and polyester multifilament air-covered yarn, on this reliability has been studied. It is seen that after repeated cyclic loading there is a degradation in the movement comfort of the fabrics. The extent of degradation depends on the composition of the stretch yarn. Although the workwear fabric with the elastane contained cotton core spun weft yarn showed lower abrasion resistance, it showed the best reliability values in terms of movement comfort. Abrasive damage resulted in improvement in the level of movement comfort at higher levels of loading cycles.

Development of Low Hysteresis, Linear Weft-Knitted Strain Sensors for Smart Textile Applications.

In recent years, knitted strain sensors have been developed that aim to achieve reliable sensing and high wearability, but they are associated with difficulties due to high hysteresis and low gauge factor (GF) values. This study investigated the electromechanical performance of the weft-knitted strain sensors with a systematic approach to achieve reliable knitted sensors. For two elastic yarn types, six conductive yarns with different resistivities, the knitting density as well as the number of conductive courses were considered as variables in the study. We focused on the 1 × 1 rib structure and in the sensing areas co-knit the conductive and elastic yarns and observed that positioning the conductive yarns at the inside was crucial for obtaining sensors with low hysteresis values. We show that using this technique and varying the knitting density, linear sensors with a working range up to 40% with low hysteresis can be obtained. In addition, using this technique and varying the knitting density, linear sensors with a working range up to 40% strain, hysteresis values as low as 0.03, and GFs varying between 0 and 1.19 can be achieved.

High conductivity and stability intercalated carbonaceous conductors

• Copper chloride intercalation is scalable and stable up to 500K • It enhances electrical conductivity of different carbonaceous conductors by 10X • Intercalated carbon fibers achieve a 10MS/m electrical conductivity • Intercalation results in a one-step impurity purification and conductivity enhancement • Conduction in CNT yarns is hampered significantly by internal junction resistances Carbonaceous conductors have attracted great interest due to their low density and superior mechanical and chemical properties. Metal halide intercalation is an effective approach for enhancing the electrical conductivity of these conductors. This paper investigates the microstructure, composition, electrical, and mechanical properties of different carbonaceous conductors (pitch carbon fiber, three types of carbon nanotube yarns, and graphene fiber) intercalated with copper chloride. Temperature-dependent conductivity measurements along with Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveal the degree of intercalation in different samples. Intercalated specimens exhibit electrical conductivities at least seven-fold higher than their pristine counterparts, including a 10 MS/m conductivity for intercalated carbon fibers. Interestingly, the intercalation process results in a one-step impurity purification and conductivity enhancement in CNT yarns. Electrical conductivity measurements over cryogenic and elevated temperature ranges (30-500 K) explain conduction mechanisms and demonstrate intercalant stability. This study informs future applications of lightweight conductors by presenting a library of different carbon-based conductors and their structural and property variations. :

Impact of the Elastane Percentage on the Elastic Properties of Knitted Fabrics under Cyclic Loading.

Elastic knitted fabrics find numerous applications in the industry for compression stockings, sports and leisure wear, swimwear, ballet wear, etc. During its use, knitwear is subjected to dynamic loading due to body movements. The loading and unloading of the knitted fabric affect the size of the elastic region in which unrecovered deformation completely disappears. This paper deals with the influence of the elastane percentage in the knitted fabric on the elastic properties of the knitted fabric under dynamic loading. For this experiment, three types of yarn were used in different combinations: polyamide (PA), wrapped elastane yarn and bare elastane. The mentioned yarns were used to knit three different groups of plated weft-knitted fabrics (two yarns in a knitted fabric row): without elastane, knitted fabric with a percentage of wrapped elastane, and knitted fabric with a percentage of bare elastane. The percentage of elastane ranged between 0% and 43%. First, standard uniaxial tensile tests were performed on knitted fabric samples until breakage under static load. The force–elongation diagrams obtained are used to determine the elastic limit up to which Hook’s law applies. All knitted fabrics were cyclically tested to the elastic limit. From the obtained loading and unloading curves, unrecovered deformation (unrecovered elongation), elastic elongation and hysteresis index were determined and calculated. The results showed that the percentage of elastane significantly affects the size of the elastic region of the knitted fabric and has no effect on the hysteresis index. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the elastane percentage for different knitted fabric designs to achieve the best dynamic recovery of the knitted fabric and to design a more stretchable knitted garment that fits the body as well as possible.

Effect of yarn type on performance of diabetic socks

In this study, seven different samples have been knitted in jersey and piquet structures using various antibacterial yarns. Cotton, polyamide, lyocell, polyester, acrylic, viscose and their blends have been used to prepare samples. Samples are tested for thermal conductivity, air permeability, water vapour permeability, coefficient of friction, abrasion resistance and recovery after compression. Acquired data are evaluated to determine the most appropriate type of yarn to be used for the diabetic socks. Test results show that antibacterial 100% polyester yarn is the optimum yarn for a diabetic sock among all the investigated yarns. This yarn has high air and water vapour permeability. It shows low coefficient of friction, high abrasion resistance, and high recovery rate after compression.

Effect of selected production parameters on yarn evenness, imperfections and tensile properties of core spun vortex yarns

PurposeThe paper aims to provide an investigation about the effect of some selected production parameters such as core yarn type, sheath sliver type and total yarn count factors on core spun vortex yarns' evenness, imperfection and tensile properties. Hence it is aimed to contribute to the literature in vortex spinning where there are limited works related to core-spun vortex spinning.Design/methodology/approachThe paper evaluates the effect of core yarn type, sheath sliver type and total yarn count factors on yarn evenness, imperfections, hairiness and tensile properties. Completely randomised three-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of core yarn type, sheath sliver type and linear yarn density on core spun vortex yarns' evenness, imperfection and tensile properties at significance level of 0.05. SNK tests were also performed for observing the means of each parameter. Correlation analysis was also conducted to reveal some relationships between yarn evenness and yarn tensile properties.FindingsIn this paper, significant factors related to some production parameters affecting the core-spun vortex yarns' evenness, imperfection, hairiness and tensile properties were found.Originality/valueThere are limited works related to effect of selected production parameters on yarn evenness, Imperfections and Tensile Properties of Hybrid Vortex Yarns.

Effect of Blending Ratio and Sewing Characteristics on Performance Properties for Barki Wool/Polyester Fabrics

ABSTRACT The coarse wool breeds have a very small share in the clothing market due to the difficulty of their weaving and sewing. Herein, we propose a new method for utilization of coarse wool fibers (Barki), after grading and sorting according to handle, fineness, and kemp content to separate the class of fine fleeces and patches with no kemp fibers. Barki wool fibers were then blended with woolen polyester fibers to produce 30:70% and 45:55% wool/polyester woven fabric. The properties of the produced fabrics from Barki wool/polyester yarns were compared with those of Merino wool/polyester fabric 45:55%. The effects of wool type, nature of sewing threads, stitch type, and the number of stitches per centimeter, on the seam slippage as well as other inherent properties of the fabrics, were studied. The results indicate that a fine soft grade of Barki wool could be used in apparel, and the least seam slippage was obtained upon using fabric and stitch from the same type of yarns using 5 stitches/cm. As the ratio of polyester fibers in the blended fabric increases, the seam slippage as well as, crease recovery, and tear strength get better except that for pilling resistance and drapeability.

Effects of stitching yarn types on flexural fatigue properties of 3D stitched carbon fiber composites

This work investigated the static bending and flexural fatigue properties of 3D stitched composites with different stitching yarns. The carbon and PBO fibers were adopted to reveal the effects of stitching yarn types on the fatigue characteristics and failure propagation of 3D stitched composites at low-stress levels by a high-speed camera. The results show that different stitching yarn types affected the static flexural strength of 3D stitched composites but did not affect their modulus. In addition, different stitching yarn types changed the fatigue failure mechanism of 3D stitched composites. The fatigue life of 3D stitched composites can be effectively improved by using PBO fibers since the PBO fiber can effectively delay shear crack growth and prolong the period of the catastrophic failure stage. This work proposed a new scheme for improving the mechanical properties of stitched composites.