Types Of Tubercle Bacilli Research Articles

The nature of the virulence of human and bovine types of tubercle bacilli for the rabbit.

The nature of the virulence of human and bovine types of tubercle bacilli for the rabbit.

高等植物の抗菌性 (第24報)

Antifungal action of 13 kinds of essential oils were further tested. Antifungal properties were found to be in the order of sandal>vetiver>rose, nerol, citronella, geranium, bay>patchouli, jasmin, petitgrain, anise>Hang-Hang<lemon, sandal being effective in 1:64, 000-1:128, 000 dilutions. The essential oils were somewhat effective against Shigella dysenteriae Shiga, but almost ineffective against Staphylococcus aureus 209P and Escherichia coli, although sandalwood oil was effective against Staph. aureus at 1:64, 000 dilution. The oils were also effective against avian type tubercle bacilli in which the sandalwood oil also showed the highest efficacy, being effective in 1:32, 000 dilution, followed by citronella oil at 1:16, 000 dilution.

1,3,4-Thiadiazole誘導体に関する研究 (第8報)

Antibacterial tests, in vitro, against human type tubercle bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were carried out with 9 kinds of benzylidene compounds and seven kinds of 2-phenyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives prepared by the condensation of 2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives and aromatic aldehydes. 2-Amino-5-(p-nitrobenzylideneamino)-, 2-amino-5-cinnamylideneamino-, and 2-o-hydroxyphenyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles showed approximately the same efficacy as that of Tibione. None of the compounds tested seemed to be effective against staphylococci and coli bacilli.

A Comparative Study of the Susceptibility of Acid Fast Bacilli to Streptomycin, PAS, Neomycin and 4-Acetylaminobenzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone

SUMMARY Thirty-seven different strains of acid fast bacilli, E. coli and staph. aureus were used as test organisms against streptomycin, PAS, neomycin and 4-Acetylaminobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. Human type tubercle bacilli were inhibited by all of the above agents, virulent bovine bacilli by all but PAS, avian bacilli were resistant to all but streptomycin, while BCG and the saprophytic strains were susceptible to streptomycin and neomycin but unaffected by PAS or 4-Acetylaminobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. These characteristic reaction patterns are useful in the identification and classification of strains of acid fast bacilli.

On the response of genetically resistant and susceptible rabbits to the quantitative inhalation of human type tubercle bacilli and the nature of resistance to tuberculosis.

If genetically resistant and susceptible rabbits inhale a certain number of human type tubercle bacilli, no tuberculosis in the lungs of the resistant animals is seen, as a rule several months after infection, while there is a variable and often extensive disease in the susceptible rabbits. The analogy to the presence or absence of active tuberculosis in man infected with the tubercle bacillus is evident. The inhaled tubercle bacilli multiply for but a short time in the resistant rabbits and are usually rapidly and completely destroyed. In the susceptible rabbits, the bacilli multiply profusely for a much longer time and persist in large numbers even months after inhalation. Whatever be the cause of the more rapid destruction of tubercle bacilli in the resistant animal, the resulting more rapid release of the contained antigens enhances the development of allergic sensitivity and antibodies in these animals. The development of an acquired resistance against tubercle bacilli of the human type is sufficiently rapid to affect the genesis of the initial gross primary pulmonary foci that result from the inhalation of a given number of bacilli. The greater the genetic resistance, the fewer the initial primary foci. Variations in genetic resistance are essentially variations in the rate of development of acquired resistance. It is suggested that variations in genetic resistance to inhaled human type tubercle bacilli may affect the prevalence of alveolar phagocytes capable of acquiring adequate resistance to the growth of the bacilli in their cytoplasm. The prevalence of such cells is subject to hormonal and immunological influences.

抗菌性物質の研究 (第2報)

Examination of in vitro antibacterial power of isonicotinylglycine hydrazide against tubercle bacilli showed that the compound also possessed a fair amount of antibacterial action against human tubercle bacilli and, therefore, such actions were examined with various hydrazides. The samples were divided into aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds, and few of each group were tested. Special attention was paid to compounds containing glycine and it was found that the antibacterial action of heterocyclic compounds, especially those of pyridine series, were found to be the greatest. Aromatic compounds were found to be the next, and the aliphatic compounds possessed a very weak action. The culture medium used was a modified Kirchner medium and the strains used were H37Rv, Aoyama B, Takagaki and H2 strains of human type, Minowa strain of bovine type, and Takeo strain of avian type tubercle bacilli.

(IV) わが國における動物の結核, 特に牛のNo-Visible-Lesion Reactor及び人型菌の感染について

(IV) わが國における動物の結核, 特に牛のNo-Visible-Lesion Reactor及び人型菌の感染について

Comparative Morphology of Acid-Fast Bacilli

A morphological study, both cultural and microscopic, was conducted, using ten strains of virulent and avirulent tubercle bacilli and two acid-fast saprophytic organisms isolated from sputum. The organisms were studied on five different media and preparations were made for microscopic examination using the following techniques: wet preparations with the ordinary light microscope, darkfield microscope and phase microscope; unstained dried films with ordinary light microscope and electron microscope; and fixed dried films stained with methylene blue, Gram stain and ZiehlNeelsen stain. At least half a dozen different forms of acid-fast bacilli were clearly distinguished by colonial morphological characteristics. Virulent human types were distinguished from all other organisms by their dry, crumbling, spreading colonies on egg media and Bordet's agar, their characteristic large serpentine colonies on sodium oleate agar, and thin corded pellicles which grew up the walls of the tube in the serum-synthetic medium. The avirulent human type produced granular colonies with no crumbling on egg media and Bordet's agar and a small non-serpentine colony on sodium oleate agar. Thick folded pellicles in serum-synthetic media characterized this organism. The virulent bovine type also produced serpentine growth on sodium oleate agar and spreading crumbling colonies on egg media and Bordet's medium. BCG always produced flaky growth on egg media and characteristic umbilicated colonies on Bordet's medium. Avian organisms showed smaller colonies with little spreading and usually, a smooth surface. The saprophytes always produced smooth shiny colonies on all solid media and heavy smooth pellicles on serum-synthetic medium. Only virulent organisms produced spreading on egg media and Bordet's agar and serpentine flat spreading colonies on sodium oleate agar. On the latter medium, only virulent organisms produced satisfactory growth, the avirulent types growing very poorly. Microscopically, the serpentine or corded arrangement of virulent tubercle bacilli contrasted sharply with the diffuse granular appearance of avirulent strains. Dense intracellular bodies, often bipolar, seen in all strains of acid-fast bacilli corresponded in form and position to similar structures in electron microscope films and in methylene blue stained smears. These nucleoids appeared to be quite different from the beading or granules often seen in acid-fast stained smears. Large fusiform swellings were seen only in saprophytic strains though small bulges occasionally appeared in other acid-fast bacilli. Saprophytes and avian tubercle bacilli also occasionally showed long filamentous rods and forms suggesting branching growth. Neither gross colonial nor microscopic morphological, nor tinctorial differences were noted between human type tubercle bacilli which were resistant to, or dependent on, streptomycin and their parent susceptible strains.

テルペン類の抗菌性 (第1報)

It had been found that isofarnesenic acid, synthesized from citronellal, showed a remarkably growth inhibitory action against culture test of avian type tubercle bacilli and also showed a strong antagonism against benzoic acid of oxydase system oxidating benzoic acid, so that dehydrofarnesenic acid, possessing one double bond more than the above compound and ionylideneacetic acid, closely related to vitamin A, were synthesized and their growth inhibitory actions against avian type tubercle bacilli were tested. Both these compounds possessed far weaker action than that of isofarnesenic acid.

QUANTITATIVE AIR-BORNE TUBERCULOSIS IN THE RABBIT

1. Pulmonary tuberculosis in unselected rabbits, induced by primary quantitative air-borne infection with human type tubercle bacilli, may retrogress or progress. Some animals whose disease was in a stationary condition might have fallen into one of the above groups had the experiments been prolonged. 2. Within the limits of the observations natural resistance or susceptibility appears to be the chief factor in determining the course of the disease. 3. Following the development of the primary lesions the tuberculin reaction became positive but thereafter proved to be an unreliable indicator of the course of the disease. 4. Tubercle bacilli can be recovered from macroscopically normal lung tissue of rabbits several weeks after primary infection. 5. Reinfection did not induce the formation of new lesions nor alter the course of the disease caused by the primary infection.

Tuberculostatic Action of Chloromycetin In vitro and In vivo.

Summary and ConclusionsThe antibiotic Chloromycetin has been found to be only moderately bacteriostatic for virulent human type tubercle bacilli in vitro as compared with streptomycin or para-aminosalicylic acid. The majority of 19 human type strains studied were completely inhibited in their growth by between 6.25 and 12.5 micrograms or more of the drug in the presence of serum. One bovine strain was equally sensitive. This degree of bacteriostatic activity was not markedly affected by the number of tubercle bacilli present nor was the bacteriostatic activity of para-aminosalicylic acid or streptomycin enhanced by the addition of Chloromycetin.When administered subcutaneously, Chloromycetin has been shown to be ineffective, whereas, when admixed with the diet in concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25%, it was slightly effective for the suppression of experimental murine tuberculosis.

STREPTOMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMANS

STREPTOMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMANS

Effect of Streptomycin on Experimental Infections Produced in Mice with Streptomycin Resistant Strains of M. tuberculosis var. Hominis

SummaryStreptomycin resistant human type tubercle bacilli were found to be as virulent for white mice as streptomycin sensitive strains. Infection produced in mice with these streptomycin resistant cultures was not suppressed by treatment of the mice with streptomycin.

An Improved Method for Testing of Bacteriostatic Agents Using Virulent Human Type Tubercle Bacilli.

SummaryA new technic for rapidly and efficiently testing the growth-inhibiting action of substances on virulent human type tubercle bacilli is described. The order of effectiveness of four compounds in inhibiting the growth of the avirulent acid-fast rapidly growing organism 607 was found to be: Sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, 4,4'diaminodiphenylsulfone, and sulfanilamide, while for the virulent human strain of tubercle bacillus H37Rv the order was found to be: 4,4'diaminodiphenylsulfone, sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, and sulfanilamide.

Egg Mediums for the Isolation of all Three Types of Tubercle Bacilli

Reported here are observations on the growth from very small inoculums of human, bovine, and avian tubercle bacilli on coagulated and on unheated egg yolk mediums. Our objective was practical: to find the best culture medium for the isolation of all types of tubercle bacilli from animal tissues. The results have bearing, however, upon growth factor investigations. Egg yolk was assumed to contain all the necessary foods for the initiation of growth by very small inoculums of tubercle bacilli. Boissevain' has since claimed that serum albumin contains

Types of Tubercle Bacilli in Lesions of Garbage-Fed Swine

Types of Tubercle Bacilli in Lesions of Garbage-Fed Swine William H. Feldman CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.29.11.1231 Published Online: August 29, 2011

An investigation of the value of various media for the primary culture of tubercle bacilli from tuberculous material

Since Dorset, in I9O2 , first used inspissated hens' eggs as a medium for the isolation of tubercle bacilli from tuberculous material, a better medium than egg for this purpose has yet to be found, although in course of time this medium has been varied in many ways as, for instance, by adding to it other substances which were said to improve the result of the culture. Especially in recent years, since the publications of Hohn, Petragnani and L6wenstein, have the number of media begun to increase, and now almost every bacteriologist interested in tuberculosis has judged it advisable to publish a 'new' medium, which must bear his name and which is only a modification, and often a complication, of the original medium. I do not intend to give here the literature, and I will only mention that the additions to eggs that have been recommended by various authors had two aims : (i) t o improve the nutritive quality of the medium, and (2) to check the growth of the other organisms present. Other workers have extracted the white of the egg on which the tubercle bacillus does not grow at all, and have used the yolk alone, on which it grows quite well. Although A. S. Griffith, an experienced worker, is using Dorset's medium with success, the majority of European workers employ Petragnani's medium in its various modifications (the best-known of them being that ofL6wenstein). The object of my investigation was to discover : (i) which medium is the most successful for the production of primary cultures of tubercle bacilli direct from tuberculous material, especially for the determination of types of tubercle bacilli, and (2) which method of preparing the contaminated material for inoculation succeeds best in killing the other organisms present. Through my former experiments I became well acquainted with the media of Hohn (I have made cultures of 6oo materials, using several tubes of the medium for each material), L6wenstein (25o materials), and Petragnani* (5oo materials) ; and on this last medium I am now making all my cultures. From the beginning it seemed to me to be a very good medium for the quick culturing of tubercle bacilli, but its preparation is a little difficult and its ingredients contain too many infecting bacteria and, hence, without the malachite green, it would be impossible to obtain pure cultures. I made comparative investigations of this medium and a very simple one made up of 2 parts of egg yolk and I part of saline, as recommended by Herta Schwabacher, who made comparative investigations of Io various media and came to the conclusion that media from yolk alone are better than the mixtures of yolk and white.

Types of tubercle bacilli in equine tuberculosis

The total number of cases of equine tuberculosis investigated bacteriologically in England is now 55, this number including the five cases examined by F. Griffith (1911) for the Royal Commission on Tuberculosis.The tubercle bacilli cultivated from these 55 cases belonged to the bovine type in all but two instances, one of them yielding a strain of human, the other a strain of avian type.The bovine strains all exhibited the cultural characters of the more dysgonic members of the bovine type and rather more than half of them were fully virulent for the test animals. The rest were less virulent than standard bovine bacilli for all the species of animals tested, the degree of attenuation varying from slight to considerable.

STUDIES IN THE VARIABILITY OF TUBERCLE BACILLI.: VIII. BCG.

Five cultures of BCG have been shown to consist primarily or entirely of R type tubercle bacilli and to resemble R types from other sources. When received one culture contained a few S types which were isolated. The other four cultures appeared to consist entirely of R types. After a long series of cultures, particularly in slightly alkaline Proskauer and Beck's fluid, dissociation occurred and S types were isolated from two strains; no stable S types could be recovered from two additional strains.The R, or ordinary BCG produced only localized infections, the S forms produced fatal progressive tuberculosis in guinea pigs. The degree of tissue involvement in fatal cases was generally less than with typical virulent tubercle bacilli.By means of complement fixation reactions it was shown that the S form recovered from BCG cultures, like typical S virulent mammalian tubercle bacilli, contains a specific antigenic substance which is lacking in the ordinary BCG and other R forms of the species. Animals immunized with S organisms are shown to develop a specific S antibody which is not present in the serum of animals treated with R organisms or the ordinary form of BCG. It is suggested that this lack of antigenic substance in the BCG militates against its effectiveness as an immunizing agent.

The relative incidence of the human and bovine types of tubercle bacilli in human tuberculosis in Scotland

The relative incidence of the human and bovine types of tubercle bacilli in human tuberculosis in Scotland