Types Of Tourism Research Articles

Fairs and Festivals as Tourist Attractions: Bangladesh Perspectives

Fairs and festivals are significant parts of culture of every society. Fairs and festivals have drawn attention of operators, destination marketers, tourists and other stakeholders. There is a complex relationship between fairs and festivals with tourism, which is not focused in regular tourism activities in Bangladesh. But based on these fairs and festivals based tourism, Bangladesh can expose its culture among the tourists of the world. The paper attempts to highlight the outcomes of this relationship between fairs and festivals related tourism and the country development as well as identify the problems and likelihood of expansion of these types of tourism in Bangladesh. The outcome of the findings from this research will help stakeholders to get a clear idea on the difference between fairs and festivals and their relation with tourism. 80 percent of the respondents agreed that there is a relationship of fairs and festivals with tourism and 100 percent respondents thought that fairs and festivals have impacts on the economy and the society. As such, it is imperative that fairs and festivals can be considered as important tourist attractions of Bangladesh tourism industry.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN RURAL TOURISTIC AREAS OF SHARR MOUNTAIN

Tourism as a profitable industry every day needs to review new and functional methods for development. In this paper, we will present the trends that help the development of the hospitality industry in rural tourist areas, and the great opportunities for improving some types of tourism that are part of rural tourism. To have a professional operation, we must develop the hospitality industry, which includes accommodation, restaurants, recreation, etc. The tourist infrastructure as a key element has the accommodation, representing the tourist offered by rural tourism development. In addition, the strategic plan of several subtypes of rural tourism in the tourist area of Sharr Mountain will be presented. The main purpose of this scientific paper is to analyze all the trends in the development of the hospitality industry and the development of rural tourism, where based on them plans, strategies, and measures will be drawn up for the further development of rural tourism in Sharr Mountain.

Destination image and personality in workation tourism

ABSTRACT Workation represents an emerging and intriguing alternative type of tourism that integrates work and leisure. While it has gained substantial popularity, scholarly research in this field has been relatively constrained, particularly regarding the role of destinations. This study addresses this research gap by investigating the most salient attributes characterising an ‘ideal workation destination’. We present a theoretical model integrating components from the destination image and personality frameworks and employ fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis on a sample of 213 individuals. Compared to past work exploring the workation concept, experiences, and workationer characteristics, our research focuses on the attributes of destinations that make them attractive for this emerging tourism trend. The findings categorise workationers based on the destination attributes they prioritise, identifying three main groups: outdoor enthusiasts, extroverts, and hipsters. Understanding workationers’ diverse preferences regarding destination attributes enables tourism providers and destination management organisations in remote and undiscovered destinations to tailor their offerings and attract tourism flows seeking unique work-leisure experiences. This approach can support the revitalisation of these areas, enhancing their appeal and sustainability.

Evaluation of Social Media Tools in Health Tourism Marketing with Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods

Today, countries are turning to alternative tourism types due to the destructive and corrosive effect of mass tourism. Various factors in the global market affect consumer preferences and shape their demands. This situation leads countries to seek alternative tourism types. While developed countries tend to focus more on sports tourism, the rising value of health tourism stands out for developing countries. The high costs of healthcare services in developed countries, waiting times, and the lack of many health services offered by insurance companies lead consumers to outsource their helthcare needs. Relationship marketing plays a key role in health tourism services, and consumers seek first-hand answers to their questions. The health sector's sensitive and complex structure informs and raises consumers' awareness on the axis of relational marketing dimensions. This study aims to via multi criteria decision making to determine and rank the social media channels used in health tourism marketing. While the criteria weights are determined by the Best-Worst Method, the priority order of social media channels is determined by COmbinative Distance-based ASsessment. Expert opinions were consulted during the criteria determination and the ranking of the alternatives. As a result of the analyses, the importance of social media is emphasised once again. Social media tools, especially through mobile application applications, shape the age with the audience it reaches, the distribution between regions, the time spent and the information transmitted. The need for socialisation accelerates the development of technology with the rapid orientation of people towards this field. In this case, youtube, which has gained momentum with the number of users and the use of visual and auditory elements together, holds the leadership in the reflection of relational marketing on health tourism today, as it creates space for all segments, even though information pollution is experienced.

Rise of Agritourism in India: A Scoping Review

Agrotourism also known as agritourism, is a form of tourism that involves visiting rural areas to explore agricultural or farm-based activities, as well as to experience the culture and traditions of rural communities. This type of tourism mostly takes many forms, including farm stays, vineyard tours, rural bed and breakfasts, and other farm-based accommodations. Agritourism is a new phenomenon for Indian tourists (Eco India, 2017) department and hence has a great scope for tourists to explore and experience authentic Indian tradition and farmers and also can fetch extra income through their regular activities. Above 70% of the population are living in more than 6 million villages (Incredible India, 2017). The current study aims to understand the demand and supply pattern of budding agritourism sector of India. Through understanding limitation, farmer’s determination and perception, the research study also provides strategies to overcome the problems in order to conduct agritourism. This research paper begins with literature review which is followed by introductions to tourism in India and the study area. The qualitative research methodology is used (Semi-structured online questionnaire and interview) followed by analysis and the findings are discussed before conclusion.

Long-term dynamics of grasslands and livestock in Norwegian cultural landscapes: implications for a sustainable transition of rural livelihoods

ContextAbandonment of cultural landscape practices has had a notable impact on grasslands and domestic livestock that depend on them. This affects the prerequisites for sustainable transitions of cultural landscapes, which combine traditional livelihoods and novel ones like tourism.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to explore (1) the long-term temporal dynamics of grassland and livestock in a regional gradient from coastal to inland landscapes in Norway and (2) the temporal development of tourism types among regions.MethodsUsing three regions as case studies, with 62 municipalities, we analyzed (1) the temporal dynamics of grassland and livestock using agricultural census data from 1918 to 1999 and (2) two tourism types. Kruskal–Wallis and ANOVA were used to examine whether the relative changes in grassland areas and livestock units, respectively, differed significantly among regions. A PCA was conducted to explore relationships between grassland and livestock types. The proportions of tourist categories were compared.ResultsThe grassland area and thematic resolution of census data declined over time. Grassland areas correlated with domestic livestock units. Multivariate analysis explained 68% of the variation in grassland and livestock types among municipalities. There was a notable increase in the number of tourists, with summer tourism dominating where the cultural landscape was well conserved.ConclusionsOur study underscores the importance of integrating regional historical trajectories for the conservation and use of valuable cultural landscapes, thereby providing sustainable transitions that combine traditional livelihoods and new types as tourism. Additional in-depth studies are needed to understand the detailed drivers of these changes.

Cultural Tourism in Predominantly Rural Communities. Residents’ Perception in Buzău Carpathians and Subcarpathians (Romania)

Abstract Cultural tourism (CT), although considered by some “friendly tourism”, has its impacts, being perceived by more and more people and communities as a force of change through its diversification. This study is aimed at exploring CT’ in Buzău Carpathians and Subcarpathians (BSC) perception by residents using the interview method, targeting three main objectives: Identifying the profiles of the interviewed residents on CT as a driving factor for future development of CT; Analysing the perceived aspects/elements linked to CT and Identifying the roles played by locals for the valorisation of CT sights. The results show that the residents understood CT as a mix between the natural and cultural dimensions of local reality and its positive impact on local traditions. The study highlights the idea that the residents could and should be active agents for the CT local attractions and for the future development of this type of tourism within the study area.

Cultural Tourism as a Resource for Memory Studies

The article is devoted to the comprehension of tourism as an important tool for the preservation of cultural and historical heritage and the transmission of collective memory. Cultural and historical heritage (both tangible and intangible) is a factor in strengthening national identity and maintaining collective memory, being at the same time one of the main tourist resources that allow us to get in touch with history and culture. The study of the phenomenon of tourism from the perspective of memory studies clearly demonstrates that the direct visit of tourists to significant historical sites with a high level of symbolic capital contributes to a better perception of the images of the past embedded in them, and the impressions and experiences help not only to remember the information, but also to feel their own belonging to a certain culture. The example of sites important in the context of global and local history, such as the Battle of Stalingrad Museum-Reserve (Volgograd), the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (Auschwitz) and the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, shows how places of memory become popular tourist destinations without being overly commodified and commercialized. Consequently, a targeted approach to the positioning of cultural and historical sites and working with niche types of tourism that reflect the characteristics of specific places of memory provide an opportunity to develop tourism as one of the key forms of actualizing the past. This helps to attract a wide audience to learn about their history through interaction with authentic sites, rather than solely through entertainment media, and also reduces the risk of loss of cultural and historical heritage, which makes it possible to consider areas remote from major cultural centers as promising destinations.

REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE INTERSECTION OF ECO- AND RURAL TOURISM IN VINNYCHCHYNA DURING MARITAL STATE

The article examines the tourist potential of the Vinnytsia region and determines that the region has significant natural and recreational potential for the development of ecological and rural tourism. It has been established that the development of these types of tourism is due to the increase in demand for domestic tourism as a result of the war in Ukraine. Therefore, the main consumers of eco- and rural tourism services in Vinnytsia region are internally displaced persons, as well as connoisseurs of Ukrainian folk traditions due to the attractiveness of the nature, its environmental friendliness and rural lifestyle. Regulatory and legal documents regulating rural tourism, namely the Regional Development Strategy of the Vinnytsia Region until 2027, as well as the main directions of activity of the public organization «Vinnytsia Regional Branch of the Association for the Promotion of the Development of Rural Green Tourism in Ukraine» were studied. The tourist route Camino Podoliсo or St. Jacob’s Way, which covers two regions of Khmelnytskyi and Vinnytsia, was studied. It was found that this project is a unique opportunity to gain impressions from getting to know the unique sights, customs and traditions and natural features of Podillia. The significant areas of Vinnytsia region, the village of Busha of the Yampil district, on the territory of which there are outstanding monuments of the archaeology and architecture of the famous Bushan relief (carved out of stone in the Rock Temple by the hands of our glorious ancestors) and the remains of the Bushan fortress – a stone tower, the Haydamatskyi ravine, the remains of multi-layered settlements of Trypillia, Chernyakhiv, Penkiv and Scythian cultures, a medieval cemetery. The possibilities of Mogilev-Podilskyi, Barskyi and Vinnytsia districts regarding the development and intersection of eco- and rural tourism in wartime are also described. In the article, with the help of a SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the development of eco- and rural tourism in Vinnytsia are given. It was found that the combination of eco- and rural tourism is a necessary condition for the economic development of rural areas, and rural recreation should strengthen the ecological awareness of tourists in order to preserve the environment.

Managing tourism development: deploying successful strategies and techniques

Introduction: The tourism sector is gaining importance every year within the economies of individual countries and globally. Even the largest economies in the world, such as the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, include a significant portion of their income from tourism. The coronavirus pandemic somewhat halted tourism development; however, our study sector is beginning its new development trajectory today. Therefore, the issue of finding ways to implement effective strategies and tools for tourism development is relevant and requires scientific resolution.Objective: The study aims to scientifically substantiate ways to implement effective strategies and determine tools for their practical implementation in tourism development management. Methods: Based on the analysis of statistical data and forecasted indicators, the study identifies the importance and role of the tourism sector in developing individual state economies and the global economy. Results: The most effective strategies for tourism management are marketing strategies. Key strategies include: overall marketing strategies for specific regions, strategies by tourism type, and those combining regions and tourism types. Additionally, strategies for specific accommodation locations and country-specific strategies by tourist type are recommended. Tools enhancing these strategies include branding, content marketing, live video marketing, electronic marketing, and experiential marketing.Conclusions: Exciting and promising topics for further research on the issue include continuing to substantiate a broader range of tools that can be applied in tourism management and finding new ways to improve the tourism sector.

Examining gastronomy festivals, a type of event tourism, within the scope of the United Nations sustainable development goals

PurposeThe aim of this study is to analyze the gastronomy festivals in Türkiye within the scope of the United Nations sustainable development goals.Design/methodology/approachIn line with this purpose, a systematic review approach, which is a qualitative research method, was adopted as the method of the study. In the study, the data was collected with document analysis technique by accessing secondary sources. Systematic literature review was used to analyze the data.FindingsWhen the gastronomy-themed festivals in Türkiye are analyzed, it is seen that 23 of them are in line with at least one of the United Nations sustainable development goals. The number of festivals organized in accordance with more than one of these goals is 18. The number of festivals organized in accordance with at least one goal is 5. The fact that only 23 of the 351 festivals in the research universe are organized in accordance with the United Nations sustainable development goals reveals that festivals are insufficient in terms of sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsThis study adopts theoretical approaches such as the experience economy, as it provides unforgettable consumption experiences for both producers and consumers participating in gastronomy festivals, and stakeholder theory, as festivals involve many stakeholders. The study also presents practical approaches, such as supporting local development, which is one of the primary objectives of festivals.Originality/valueThis study has revealed the sustainability status of gastronomy festivals in Türkiye which have been taken into consideration more frequently in recent years. It may also contribute to the literature to examine the organized gastronomy festivals within the scope of the UN sustainable development goals.

Tourism Application Development with a Recommendation System based on Fuzzy Logic

The article addresses issues related to the breadth and multifaceted aspects of the tourism industry. It discusses the practical benefits of using recommendation systems based on mobile devices. Mobile applications with recom­mendation systems play an important role in the tourism planning process, offering users personalized suggestions that enhance their travel experience. The main focus of this work is on the use of fuzzy logic as the basis for the rec­ommendation system, which allows for a more flexible and accurate suggestion mechanism that takes into account uncertainties and the diversity of user preferences. The methodology proposed by the authors is based on applying a fuzzy content model to the described problems as an effective extension of the collaborative model. The article describes a method for implementing the recommendation system algorithm, lists the technical tools used to imple­ment the application, presents an activity diagram of the working application, describes the process of searching, preparing, and annotating data used in the working application. The presented software and methodological tools help to solve problems associated with the clear categorization of tourist objects within traditional types of tourism, arising from the broad classification of tourist objects, thereby improving the quality of the tourist experience.

Exploring the Benefits and Challenges of Tourism in Outer Space

Purpose: This article primarily explores the benefits and challenges of outer space tourism and also makes the case that a new international convention is desperately needed since the space tourism business cannot be supported by the current legal framework. Methodology: This research will be carefully conducted by providing an overview of the history space tourism. The concept will be understood by a survey of the literature on the types of space tourism, and the theories of space tourism. A thorough analysis will be carried to analyze the benefits and legal challenges of space tourism and also identify the gaps in the international space law framework that pertain to space tourism. The essay used papers from conferences, academic books, and articles. Findings: Man has always been a curious creature, eager to discover and visit new and interesting places. Since the beginning of the space age, the prospect of conducting open space missions has been a secret agenda item for the spacefaring nations. The next logical step for tourism might be space travel. Space tourism seeks to provide easy access to thrilling destinations for leisure and adventure. People are constantly seeking for new places to visit. People aspire to transcend boundaries and travel beyond, even to the heavens. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy (Recommendations): Even though space tourism has many advantages, getting to space presents new commercial, legal, and technical difficulties as well as advances. The booming space tourism business cannot be supported by the current space law regime because "the backbone of international space law” is too inflexible to be a stabile basis for space tourism The advantages of space tourism, the difficulties it presents in the age of commercialization, and the policies and governance that must be in place for space travel to be effective are all covered in this article.

Co-Innovation in Dark Tourism: Quality and Type of Tourists’ Ideas Before vs. After the Visit

Building on prior findings on co-innovation and dark tourism, this research examined if and how the experiential stage (before vs. after the visit) affects the quality and the type of ideas provided by tourists. Four hundred visitors shared new ideas for a dark tourism experience, in Medellin (Colombia). Half of the sample was interviewed before visiting the site and the other half after the visit. The results show that before the visit (i.e. less information: higher cognitive flexibility and lower functional fixedness) the respondents provided more original ideas. After the visit, their ideas were rated higher in terms of feasibility and persuasiveness. Furthermore, tourists showed higher morbid curiosity before the visit, leading to morbid ideas. After the visit, curiosity about history and empathy increased, leading to educational ideas. The results can help managers to set goals for co-innovation at dark tourism sites, by considering the different experiential stages.

Identification Priority Source of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils Based on Source-specific Ecological Risk Analysis in a Typical Tourist City

To understand the pollution status, distribution characteristics, and pollution sources of soil heavy metals in tourist cities in northwest China, the soil content of heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the main areas of Dunhuang City was collected and analyzed. The soil heavy metal pollution level was quantitatively evaluated by the methods of the geo-accumulation index and improved Nemerow pollution index, and the sources of heavy metal pollution were quantitatively analyzed using cluster analysis and the positive matrix factorization （PMF） model. The contribution rate of each pollution source to ecological risk was determined by combining the PMF model and comprehensive ecological risk index. The results showed that except for the mean contents of As and Ni, the mean contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn were all higher than the background values in Gansu Province. However, the average content of the eight elements was lower than the screening value of construction land in the Standard for Soil Pollution Risk Control of Soil Environmental Quality Construction Land （trial） （GB 36600-2018）. Among them, the enrichment of Cd, Pb, and Hg was more serious, and the exceedance rate was higher than 90%. The results of the geo-accumulation index indicated that urban soils were mainly polluted by Hg in the study area, and Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn pollution also existed in different degrees. The improved Nemerow pollution index illustrated that the comprehensive pollution degree of the soil was clean to moderate pollution, and the overall pollution was light pollution. Based on the PMF model, we could conclude that soil heavy metals in the study area were affected by natural sources, industrial deposition sources, industrial sources, traffic sources, and comprehensive sources, and the contribution rates were 29.28%, 25.86%, 20.13%, 16.5%, and 8.23%, respectively. The specific source-integrated ecological risk assessment model found that the industrial deposition source contributed the most to the ecological risk in the study area and could be regarded as the priority control pollution source, and Hg was considered to be the priority control pollution element for ecological risk.

REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALIFYING HOTEL SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS A FIELD STUDY ON ATHLETES WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN THE CITY OF KARBALA

Concern for people with special needs represents a recent global trend that embodies the new concepts of a responsible and sustainable hospitality industry. The study aims to identify the concepts of tourism for people with special needs and its importance, the types of tourists with special needs, explain the concept of hotel services for people with special needs and their types, and determine the reality of the requirements for qualifying services. Hotels for people with special needs. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach and the survey approach in distributing the electronic questionnaire form to a random sample of athletes with special needs in the Sports City Hotel in Karbala in Iraq (46 items). The study concluded that there was a statistically significant correlation between the qualification requirements Hotel services for people with special needs and the quality of service provided according to the opinions of the study sample of sports guests at the Sports City Hotel in Karbala, and a set of recommendations were presented to raise the efficiency of hotel services to suit the requirements of people with special needs.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Sosialisasi Pemanduan Wisata di Desa Ekowisata Pancoh

Rural areas as the locus of tourism development need to prepare themselves to welcome the arrival of tourists. In order to create an empowered village community, one of the initial strategies that can be implemented is through a community service programme through socialisation of community empowerment through tour guiding in Pancoh Ecotourism Village. The socialisation of tour guiding activities is delivered through lecture and discussion methods about tour guiding, what things the guide needs to prepare before meeting tourists, and ways to find out the type or characteristics of tourists. Through this community service programme, the capacity of local human resources is prepared as well as possible to receive tourist visits and be able to provide services and guides according to professional standards. This community service programme is held to create a learning space for the community to improve their knowledge and abilities in the field of tour guiding.

Adventure Tourism in and Around Khatima City

The different types of adventure tourism activities available in and around Khatima. The types of tourist undertaking these activities and the level of adventure involved. Perception of the tourists towards adventure tourism. Limitations and challenges of adventure tourism.

The ideal MICE destination characteristics: A perspective from Istanbul

Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions (MICE) is a lucrative tourism segment, offering higher per capita spending and larger returns on investment than other tourism types. However, what makes a successful MICE destination from a multi-stakeholder perspective is overlooked in the literature. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to explore the features of ideal MICE destinations based on the perspectives of different stakeholders in the MICE market, including supply (e.g., C.V.B.s, lodging) and demand (e.g., Travel agencies, incentive houses). In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 experts. The results of the thematic analysis revealed seven overarching themes, which are classified under the characteristics of a MICE destination were grouped under internal (infrastructure, superstructure, service quality) and external (cultural, natural, economic, and political) factors. To confirm the validity and reliability of the findings, the results of semi-structured interviews were further evaluated by conducting focus groups with seven MICE experts. This study extends current literature by identifying destination selection factors with a more holistic approach, which reflects the perspectives of different stakeholders. The findings also provide a foundation for developing marketing strategies and allocating resources to better position the destination.

Development of Digital Marketing Applications for Jombang Tourism and Culture Based on Android (User)

ABSTRACT The development of global tourism is very rapid, including in Indonesia, especially in the city of Jombang. Jombang is known to have interesting cultural and natural tourism objects. Digital marketing describes the use of digital technology to support marketing functions. This research aims to study the use and development of digital marketing in the promotion of tourism and culture in Jombang. The digital marketing application developed is designed to help users find information about the natural beauty, tourist attractions, and cultural richness of Jombang. In addition, this application facilitates the search and discovery of included tourist sites, which is expected to have a positive impact on the development of tourism and cultural preservation in Jombang. This Android-based digital marketing application has several main features: Main Page (Home): Displays a summary or recommendation of tourist attractions in Jombang. Popular Tourism List: Presents the most visited tourist attractions. Maps: Helps users find routes to tourist sites. Tourist Description: Provides detailed information about a particular tourist destination. Popular Culture List: Displays cultural activities or events that are often held in Jombang. Tourist Type and Sub-district Filters: Allows users to select the type of tourism and sub-district of interest. Keywords : Development, Digital Marketing, Android, Tourism, Culture.