Type Of Toothpaste Research Articles

Perbedaan Pengaruh Pasta Gigi Berbahan Dasar Hidroksiapatit dan Eugena caryophillus Terhadap Hipersensitifas Gigi

Tooth hypersensitivity is a clinical condition that describes localized, non spontaneous pain, and arises when tooth is stimulated using thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. The use of desensitizing agent such as hydroxyapatite and Eugenia caryophyllus can be used as home treatment that can relieve tooth hypersensitivity. Hydroxyapatite is an inorganic compound that makes up the hard tissues of the human body such as bone, dentine and tooth. Hydroxyapatite has a mechanism to decrease dental hypersensitivity by inducing remineralization of the teeth and close the open dentinal tubules. Eugenia caryophyllus is a material that is used in the field of dentistry and can reduce the pain of tooth hypersensitivity by suppressing nerve receptors in the perception of pain felt by the patient. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of hydroxyapatite-based toothpaste and Eugenia caryophyllus against tooth hypersensitivity. In this observational research, researcher give different type of toothpaste to two groups of research subjects and measure the changes in tooth sensitivity for 15 days. The value of tooth hypersensitivity before and after treatment is tested using Electric Pulp Test (EPT). Independent t-test shows the result of p value = 1.30 (p>0.05). It can be concluded that there is no significant difference between hydroxyapatite and Eugenia caryophyllus in relieving tooth hypersensitivity after being used for 15 days.

Effects of theobromine toothpaste on prevention of enamel discoloration from coffee

This study investigated whether tooth brushing with toothpastes containing theobromine could prevent enamel discoloration due to coffee consumption. Thirty-five bovine incisor teeth were divided into groups that included brushing and no brushing treatments. Two brushing treatments consisting of two types of toothpaste: Theodent®, which contains theobromine, and Pepsodent®, which contains fluoride were crossed two brushing durations: 4 minutes 40 seconds and 20 minutes. Following the treatments, tooth specimens were immersed in coffee for 45 hours and the color change was measured using a Vita EasyShade spectrophotometer. Significant changes occurred in the color levels between the brushing and no brushing groups (ÄE* values; P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the types of toothpaste used. These results indicate chemicals in both toothpastes can effectively reduce enamel discoloration due to coffee consumption. Future studies should consider the importance of natural substances, like theobromine, for tooth whitening.

Evaluation of the possibility of using nanocrystalline apatite powders as inorganic fillers of toothpastes

The article describes the most common types of toothpastes and materials used as inorganic abrasive polishing fillers therapeutic toothpastes available on the market. The prospects of using in the composition of therapeutic toothpastes and dentifrices for the teeth and mouth cavity of powders based on hydroxyapatite are evaluated. It is shown that in the products available on the market used biogenic hydroxyapatite submitted either in an inactive form, or containing deproteinized bone fish or farm animals (pigs or cattle). The prospects for the use of synthetic nanocrystalline apatite powder, purposefully developed for the plasticity of skeletal defects, in the composition of toothpastes and in dentifrice products – to replace inorganic components in their composition, consisting of chalk, kaolin, soda (in the lower price segment), is shown. titanium dioxide or aerosil (in the upper price range), or biogenic hydroxylapatite (as part of innovative premium products), traditionally used as abrasive components. It has been shown that synthetic nanocrystalline powders of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 can be obtained by the methods of “green chemistry” from solutions of Ca(OH)2 and H3(PO4)2 grades of “chemically pure” and “analytically pure” (not containing heavy metals and ingredients of animal origin) and Ca10(PO4)6F2 in the solid phase or by coprecipitation from solutions of Ca10(NO3)2×4H2O, NH4F and (NH4)2HPO4 taken in the required stoichiometry, followed by heat treatment and grinding. The optimal ratios of the initial components and heat treatment regimes are determined, which ensure the production of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 powder with the ratio Ca/P = 1.67 and Ca10(PO4)6F2 of high purity, whose crystal sizes correspond to the nanoscale range.When carrying out a full complex of toxicological and hygienic tests in vivo, it was established that the obtained material belongs to low-toxic, low-hazard substances with poorly expressed cumulative properties; it does not irritate the mucous membranes and does not possess gonadotoxic, embryotoxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic effects when ingested, which makes it safe and potentially promising to use it as an inorganic filler of toothpastes and agents for healing tooth enamel detection, Ca and P in it and restore the structure of the gingival mucosa.

Assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of conventional and whitening kinds of toothpaste on oral mucosa cells

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate possible DNA damages to oral epithelial cells exposed to whitening kinds of toothpaste considering the effect of conventional non-whitening toothpaste.Materials and methods: Sixty volunteers were assigned into three experimental groups, each of them using a different regular toothpaste for the initial 2 months, followed by the use of whitening kind of toothpaste of the same brand for next 2 months. The oral epithelial cells were sampled prior and 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after the beginning of the use of tested kinds of toothpaste. Chromosomal damages were analyzed by micronucleus assay.Results: For just one kind of tested whitening toothpaste was observed the significant increase in the number of micronucleated cells after 60 days of use compared values obtained 60 days of usage of conventional non-whitening toothpaste (6.35 ± 3.67 and 2.8 ± 1.91; p < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in other micronucleus assay endpoints between tested types of toothpaste at either of the sampling times during the period of toothpaste application.Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of certain whitening kinds of toothpaste may cause a limited biologically insignificant genotoxic effect on buccal epithelial cells.

The effect of brushing with toothpaste containing nano calcium carbonate upon nanofill composite resin surface roughness

This study aims to determine the effect of brushing with toothpaste containing nanocalcium carbonate on the roughness of nanofill composite resin surface. Brushing was conducted with 3 types of materials for 3 consecutive brushing periods of 10 minutes each. Surface roughness was measured using a surface-roughness tester and the results were analyzed using the repeated ANOVA and the one-way ANOVA test. The surface morphology was observed using SEM after 3 months’ worth of brushing with the 3 materials. It was found that the nanofill composite resin surface-roughness value increased significantly (p<0.005) after brushing with toothpaste containing nano calcium carbonate for 3 months, but the value was not as high as that obtained when brushing with other types of toothpaste.

Centre-level variation in dental treatment and oral health and individual- and area-level predictors of oral health in 5-year-old children with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate: the Cleft Care UK study. Part 3.

To explore centre-level variation in fluoride treatment and oral health outcomes and to examine the association of individual- and area-level risk factors with dental decay in Cleft Care UK (CCUK). Two hundred and sixty-eight 5-year-old British children with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Data on caries and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) were collected. The child's history of fluoride ingestion and postcode was used to assess exposure to fluoridated water. Centre-level variation in fluoride exposure and caries was examined using hierarchical regression. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between individual- and area-level fluoride exposures and outcome. Children had high levels of caries, rampant caries and DDE. There was no evidence of variation between centres in the number of children with caries or rampant decay. There was evidence of variation in prescription of fluoride tablets and varnish and the type of toothpaste used. Area level of deprivation was associated with a higher risk of dental caries-risk ratio (RR) in the lowest quartile versus the rest was 1.43 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.81). Use of fluoride tablets and varnish was associated with higher risk of caries-RR 1.73 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.32) and RR 1.33 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.70), respectively, adjusted for age, sex and deprivation. The association with use of fluoride tablets and varnish probably reflects reverse causality but indicates the need for early preventative interventions in children with UCLP.

Assessment of Improvement of Gingivitis During Orthodontic Treatment Using Two Types of Toothpaste

Objective: to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two different toothpaste (parodontax and Dr. John’s formula gel) on the degree of gingivitis during fixed orthodontic treatment.Material and Methods: A sample of 30 patients with an age range of 13-22 years, requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were evaluated for the efficacy of two types of toothpaste after inatiation of gingivitis, i.e, Dr.Jhon’s formula (groupI), Parodontax (groupII), and Signal (groupIII). At baseline, onset of gingivitis and (1-3-6 weeks) from using the toothpaste, clinical parameters and resistin samples from gingival crevicularfluid(GCF) were assessed from the patients in all groups. Gingival crevicular fluide samples of resistin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: the greatest mean value of resistin concentration was recorded at onset of gingivitis, there was no significant difference between groups, 6 weeks after treatment group II revealed a significant lower value compared to group I&III , and the greatest mean value of clinical parameters Plaque Index (PD), Probing Depth (PI), and Gingival Index (GI) were recorded at onset of gingivitis, 6 weeks after treatment group I revealed a significant lower value in PI compared to group II&III and group II revealed a significant lower value in PD and GI compared to group I& III. Conclusion: the results revealed that, the two studied Toothpaste significantly reduced gingivitis during orthodontic treatment compared to the control, Dr. Jhone’s toothpaste has significant decrease in PlaqueIndex over the parodontax toothpaste, and Parodontax toothpaste provided obvious significant decrease in the Gingival Bleeding and Probing Depth compared to Dr.Jhon’s formula toothpaste.

Original Research. Surface Roughness Changes of Different Restoration Materials after Tooth Brushing Simulation Using Different Toothpastes

Abstract Background: The need for the whitening effects of toothpastes became primary for most users. Changes in the surface roughness of restoration materials after tooth brushing are inevitable, and the abrasion is known to increase the possibility of dental plaque accumulation. Aim of the study: To evaluate in vitro surface roughness changes of different dental restorative materials after tooth brushing simulation. Material and methods: Fifty specimens of two composite materials (Evicrol, Super-Cor), two glass ionomer materials (Glassfill, Kavitan Cem) and a silicate cement (Fritex) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each group of specimens was divided in three subgroups for tooth brushing simulation: using two different types of toothpaste and without toothpaste. Before and after 153 hours of tooth brushing simulation with a custom-made device, the surface roughness was measured with a surface roughness tester. Statistical analysis was performed after collecting the data. Results: All materials exhibited changes in surface roughness after the use of both toothpastes. The self-curing composite showed the less change and glass ionomer materials showed the greatest changes in surface roughness. Conclusions: The surface changes of dental materials depended on their composition and the cleaning procedure. Although self-curing composite was the most resistant to surface changes, its surface roughness values were high. Light-curing composite presented the lowest surface roughness values, even after brushing with toothpastes. The “medium” labeled toothbrush caused significant changes without toothpaste on the surface of light-curing composite, glass ionomer and silicate cement materials.

A comparative assessment of effects of Polish propolis combined with plant oils with those of Brazilian propolis on the oral cavity condition in ortofacial cleft patients treated with removable appliances

In patients with orofacial cleft, toothpaste they use should demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and regenerative action and at the same time be well-tolerated by the oral cavity epithelium and characterized by low toxicity. For this reason, it is expedient to seek preparations that would show the properties described above and could be used as auxiliary means supporting the maintenance of oral health in patients with orofacial clefts. Aim. The aim of the study was to perform a comparative assessment of toothpaste containing Polish propolis in combination with plant oils with that containing Brazilian propolis on the oral cavity condition in patients with orofacial cleft treated with removable appliances. Material and methods. The study material included 75 patients eligible for the study with a cleft lip or cleft lip and palate treated orthodontically. They were divided into three groups, A, B and C. Group A received a toothpaste with 2 % ethanol extract of Polish propolis (EEP-P) and plant oils, 0.5% tea tree oil (TTO), 0.2% menthol oil (MO), and 0.1% rosemary oil (RO). Group B received a toothpaste with 3% ethanol extract of Brazilian propolis (EEP-B). Group C included patients who were given a placebo toothpaste devoid of any active substances. During the baseline (first) and a follow-up (final) examination after 35 days, in each patient the Approximate Plaque Index (API), gingival index (GI) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) were assessed. Results. The biggest improvement of the gingival condition translated into the GI index and the BOP was found in group A and amounted to 31% and 26% respectively, compared to the baseline examination (p&lt;0.00); a statistically significant reduction of the GI index by 25% and BOP by 29% (p&lt;0.01) was found in group B. No statistically significant differences of the values of the API, GI and BOP indices were found between groups A and B. There was no significant improvement of the gingiva condition in Group C. Conclusions. Both types of toothpaste containing active substances have beneficial effects on the condition of the marginal parodontium and they do not significantly differ in terms of their biological activity in the oral cavity. Besides, the toothpaste with Polish propolis and plant oils has a beneficial effect on the oral cavity hygiene in children with orofacial cleft. (Machorowska-Pieniążek A, Tanasiewicz M, Skucha-Nowak M, Morawiec T. A comparative assessment of effects of Polish propolis combined with plant oils with those of Brazilian propolis on the oral cavity condition in orofacial cleft patients treated with removable appliances. Orthod Forum 2017; 13: 15-27).

Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste on microhardness ofartificial carious lesions created on extracted teeth.

Background. Many types of toothpastes contain substances that can remineralize initial enamel caries. This study aimed to assess the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) on microhardness of artificially created carious lesions.Methods. In this in vitro study, NHA was prepared using sol-gel technique and added to the toothpaste with 7% concentration. A total of 80 extracted sound teeth were collected. The crowns were polished using 500-grit abrasive paper. The specimens were randomly coded from 1 to 80. Number 1 to 40 were assigned to group A and numbers 41 to 80 to group B. The microhardness was measured using HVS-1000 Vickers microhardness tester. The specimens were demineralized using 37% phosphoric acid for 3 minutes in order to create artificial carious lesions and then were rinsed with water, air-sprayed for 3 minutes and dried. Microhardness was measured again. Next, the specimens were brushed for 15 days, twice daily, for 15 seconds. After 15 days, microhardness was measured again. Toothpaste A contained NHA and fluoride and toothpaste B contained fluoride alone. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16, with one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and ANOVA at a significance level of P<0.05.Results. The microhardness of specimens significantly decreased following acid exposure (P<0.01) but increased again in both groups after exposure to toothpastes. The increase in microhardness was significantly greater in group A (P<0.01).Conclusion. The toothpaste containing NHA was more effective than the toothpaste without NHA for the purpose of remineralization.

Study on the influence of whitening toothpastes on the nanocomposite material surface

The influence of whitening toothpastes on the surface of nanocomposite dental restorative materials (24 samples divided in 3 groups according to type of toothpaste used) was studied using optical profilometry. The most significant changes on the surface roughness of the material caused abrasive whitening toothpaste in comparison to enzymes-based paste. Selection and use of whitening toothpastes in patients with dental restorations must be carried out under dentist's supervision.

Color stability and surface roughness of artificial teeth brushed with an experimental Ricinus communis toothpaste

Aim: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of brushing with a Ricinus communis-based experimental toothpaste on color stability and surface roughness of artificial teeth. Methods: Ninety artificial teeth (maxillary central incisors) in different shades, light and dark (NatusDent Triple Pressing, Dentbras) were used. Initial color (Spectrophotometer Easyshade, VITA) and surface roughness (Rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosakalab) readouts were performed. After baseline measurements, samples were assigned to 10 groups (n=9) according to the artificial tooth shade and type of toothpaste used during the mechanical brushing test (Pepsodent, MAVTEC): Sorriso Dentes Brancos - SDB, Colgate Luminous White - CLW (Colgate-Palmolive), Close up White Now - CWN (Unilever), Trihydral - THL (Perland Pharmacos) and Ricinus communis - RCE (Experimental). After 29,200 cycles of brushing, corresponding to 2 years of brushing by a healthy individual, new color and roughness readouts of the specimens were performed. Data (before and after the tests) were statistically analyzed (2-way repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey, p 0.05) for any tested toothpaste regardless of tooth shade. Conclusions: The experimental Ricinus communis toothpaste did not cause color and surface roughness alteration in the artificial teeth, and it may be considered a suitable option for denture cleaning.

How Do Dental Materials React On Tooth brushing?

Background: Novel dental materials have created the need for new knowledge, in terms of abrasion both in a quantitative, i.e. how much of the surface that has been abraded as well as in a qualitative way, i.e. the roughness of the surface after brushing. Furthermore, the development of new measuring techniques has created a new interest in this type of research. Objective: To investigate if and how, different filling-materials and an acrylic are affected by brushing with and without tooth pastes. Methods: The following dental materials were used: a cold cured acrylic, a flow composite and three different hybrid composites. The specimens were attached to acrylic plates and were exposed to brushing in a brushing machine using water alone and two different toothpastes: a low abrasive toothpaste and a whitening toothpaste. After one and six hours of brushing the results were evaluated using a profilometer. A surface roughness value (Ra-value) was calculated from the profilometer measurements for each material. Results: Brushing with water alone caused negligible abrasion. There was a clear difference in abrasivity between the two toothpastes. Brushing with Pepsodent Whitening® resulted in a rougher surface than after brushing with Colgate Smiles®. Conclusions: The present study has shown that toothpaste is needed to create a significant abrasion on dental materials. Most materials exhibited a rougher surface after six hours of brushing than after one hour, however some of the materials obtained a smoother surface indicating a polishing effect between one and six hours of brushing. The surface roughness was dependent on the type of toothpaste used.

The Influence of Social and Living Environment on Development of Oral Hygiene Habits in People Over The Age of 65

Abstract Introduction. Oral health largely depends on proper hygiene, which in elderly people is not different from generally accepted standards, however, must be adjusted to specific conditions in oral cavities of the elderly. Aim. The aim of the study was the assessment of oral hygiene habits in people over the age of 65 residing in Lublin Nursing Homes and in family homes basing on questionnaire survey. Material and methods. The study was conducted among 240 people over the age of 65: 117 residents of the four Lublin Nursing Homes (group I) and 123 seniors living in their own homes in Lublin (group II). Assessment of the oral hygiene habits was conducted basing on the questionnaire survey concerning the frequency of tooth brushing, type of toothpaste, the use of additional oral aids as well as the frequency of toothbrush replacement. Results. Questionnaire survey revealed that seniors residing in Nursing Homes who had their own teeth most frequently brushed them once daily e.g. 37.25%, whereas the surveyed who lived in their family homes twice daily – 47.67%. In both groups the people who brushed their teeth used fluoride toothpastes. Additional oral hygiene aids were used by 31.71% of the surveyed living with their families. Both, the residents of Nursing Homes and those who lived with their families most frequently reported replacing their toothbrushes at least every 3 months. Conclusions. Nursing Homes residents essentially more frequently revealed considerable neglect and irregularities in oral hygiene in comparison to seniors living with their families. Population of elderly people, especially residents of nursing homes, should be provided with complex dental care.

Topical Fluoride Varnish Every 6 Months is not More Effective Than Placebo Varnish at Preventing Dental Caries in Preschoolers in Brazil

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Biannual fluoride varnish applications and caries incidence in preschoolers: a 24-month follow-up randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Oliveira BH, Salazar M, Carvalho DM, Falcao A, Campos K, Nadanovsky P. Caries Res 2014;48(3):228-36 Reviewer Donald L. Chi, DDS, PhD Purpose/Question To determine whether topical fluoride varnish applied every 6 months is more effective than a placebo varnish at preventing dental caries in preschoolers. Source of Funding Government. Rio de Janeiro State Foundation for the Endowment of Research (FAPERJ; process E-26/102.248/2009) and the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq; process 310807/2009). Industry: Colgate-Palmolive donated the placebo varnish, toothbrushes, and toothpaste Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trial Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable

Tooth brushing for oral prophylaxis

Control of plaque and debris is essential for the prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases and dental caries, because plaque is the primary etiological factor in the introduction and development of both of these infection-oriented diseases. Plaque removal with a toothbrush is the most frequently used method of oral hygiene. Powered toothbrushes were developed beginning in the 1960s and are now widely used in developed countries. The bristles of a toothbrush should be able to reach and clean efficiently most areas of the mouth, and recently the design of both manual and powered toothbrushes has focused on the ability to reach and clean interproximal tooth surfaces. An individual's tooth brushing behavior, including force, duration, motivation and motion, are also critical to tooth brushing efficacy. Dental floss and the type of toothpaste play additional important roles as auxiliary tools for oral prophylaxis. Dental professionals should help their care-receivers’ meet the requirements of oral hygiene to maintain their QOL. This article reviews these topics.

Correlating Dental Caries with Tooth Brushing Frequency, Type of Toothpaste and Dental Visits

Abstract Aim: This study was done to evaluate correlation of Dental Caries status with frequency of tooth brushing, type of toothpaste and regular dental visits in children. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out randomly on 2500 school children of two age groups viz. 12 and 15 years, and caries examination was done using WHO (World Health organization) 1997 criteria in order to correlate with various risk factors viz. brushing frequency, use of fluoridated/non-fluoridated toothpaste and frequency of child's visit to dental clinic. Results: In both the age groups brushing frequency and type of toothpaste used insignificantly affected caries while evidence that frequency of child's visit to dental clinic reduces caries risk was also not substantial. Conclusion: The present study implicates that due to complex multifactorial nature of dental caries, its prevention still remains an enigma for the dental professional and society.

The Shear Bond Strengths of Composite Bonded to Dentine Following Treatment with Two Dentine Occluding Desensitizing Toothpastes

Aim: This study determined whether prior brushing with desensitizing toothpastes (Sensodyne Rapid Relief and Colgate Pro-Relief) affected the shear bond strengths of composite to dentine surfaces after appropriate use of two different dentine bonding agents (SingleBond and PQ-1). Materials and Methods: Sixty caries free molar teeth were cleaned, disinfected and embedded in individual cylinders of polymethylmethracyrlate. The occulsal surfaces were flattened to expose dentine and finished down with 600 grit silicone carbide paper. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 10 teeth each. Two groups served as control where dentine surfaces were brushed with pumice slurry. Of the remaining 4 groups, 2 groups were brushed with Sensodyne Rapid Relief and 2 groups brushed with Colgate Pro-Relief. The dentine surfaces were brushed to simulate 2 weeks of twice-daily toothpaste use. The specimens in each of the control groups and experimental groups were subjected to dentine bonding procedures (Single Bond or PQ-1), and application of hybrid composite resin (Z-250) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A universal material testing machine, with a cross head speed of 0.05 mm/min was used to determine shear bond strengths. Results: Mean shear bond strengths ranged from 5.71 MPa (Colgate pretreatment, composite bonded with Single Bond) to 9.07 MPa (Sensodyne pretreatment, composite bonded with Single Bond). Results showed neither of the main effects, of toothpaste type or bonding agent were significant (p > 0.05) but their interaction was (F = 4.25, p = 0.02). Post hoc analysis showed that teeth brushed with the Sensodyne group, treated with the unfilled dentine bonding agent had a significantly higher bond strength than those treated with the filled dentine bonding agent. Conclusion: The desensitizing toothpastes that use the mechanism of occlusion of open dentinal tubules in the preliminary management of tooth sensitivity should not have an adverse effect on future restorative treatment modalities.

Estimated Fluoride Doses from Toothpastes Should be Based on Total Soluble Fluoride

The fluoride dose ingested by young children may be overestimated if based on levels of total fluoride (TF) rather than levels of bioavailable fluoride (total soluble fluoride—TSF) in toothpaste. The aim of the present study was to compare doses of fluoride intake based on TF and TSF. Fluoride intake in 158 Brazilian children aged three and four years was determined after tooth brushing with their usual toothpaste (either family toothpaste (n = 80) or children’s toothpaste (n = 78)). The estimated dose (mg F/day/Kg of body weight) of TF or TSF ingested was calculated from the chemical analysis of the toothpastes. Although the ingested dose of TF from the family toothpastes was higher than that from the children’s toothpastes (0.074 ± 0.007 and 0.039 ± 0.003 mg F/day/Kg, respectively; p < 0.05), no difference between types of toothpaste was found regarding the ingested dose based on TSF (0.039 ± 0.005 and 0.039 ± 0.005 mg F/day/Kg, respectively; p > 0.05). The fluoride dose ingested by children from toothpastes may be overestimated if based on the TF of the product. This finding suggests that the ingested dose should be calculated based on TSF. Dose of TSF ingested by children is similar whether family or children’s toothpaste is used.

Effectiveness of Herbal and Non-Herbal Toothpastes in Reducing Dental Plaque Accumulation

Maintaining good oral hygiene in orthodontic patients is important and as the community interest in herbal ingredients increases, herbal toothpaste was developed. Its effectiveness against dental plaque accumulation is still under debate. Herbal toothpaste has not been tested in fixed orthodontic patients. Objective: To study the effectivenes differences between herbal toothpaste and non-herbal toothpaste. Methods: This randomized, double blind clinical trial was participated by 16 subjects aged range 15-35 years who were planned for fixed orthodontic. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the type of toothpaste used. Plaque accumulations were measured according to Loe and Sillness plaque index on Ramfjord teeth before and two weeks after bonding. Results: Wilcoxon test result showed there was no significant reduction of plaque index on herbal toothpaste usage nor significant increase on non-herbal toothpaste usage. Mann-Whitney test showed no significant differences between herbal and non-herbal toothpaste. Conclusion: There was no significant differences in plaque acummulation between usage of herbal toothpaste nor usage of non-herbal toothpaste. There was no significant effectiveness differences between those toothpastes in fixed orthodontic patients, although herbal toothpaste usage showed a reduction of plaque index, whereas non-herbal toothpaste usage showed an increase of plaque index. DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v19i3.143