Evaluation of the possibility of using nanocrystalline apatite powders as inorganic fillers of toothpastes

Abstract

The article describes the most common types of toothpastes and materials used as inorganic abrasive polishing fillers therapeutic toothpastes available on the market. The prospects of using in the composition of therapeutic toothpastes and dentifrices for the teeth and mouth cavity of powders based on hydroxyapatite are evaluated. It is shown that in the products available on the market used biogenic hydroxyapatite submitted either in an inactive form, or containing deproteinized bone fish or farm animals (pigs or cattle). The prospects for the use of synthetic nanocrystalline apatite powder, purposefully developed for the plasticity of skeletal defects, in the composition of toothpastes and in dentifrice products – to replace inorganic components in their composition, consisting of chalk, kaolin, soda (in the lower price segment), is shown. titanium dioxide or aerosil (in the upper price range), or biogenic hydroxylapatite (as part of innovative premium products), traditionally used as abrasive components. It has been shown that synthetic nanocrystalline powders of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 can be obtained by the methods of “green chemistry” from solutions of Ca(OH)2 and H3(PO4)2 grades of “chemically pure” and “analytically pure” (not containing heavy metals and ingredients of animal origin) and Ca10(PO4)6F2 in the solid phase or by coprecipitation from solutions of Ca10(NO3)2×4H2O, NH4F and (NH4)2HPO4 taken in the required stoichiometry, followed by heat treatment and grinding. The optimal ratios of the initial components and heat treatment regimes are determined, which ensure the production of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 powder with the ratio Ca/P = 1.67 and Ca10(PO4)6F2 of high purity, whose crystal sizes correspond to the nanoscale range.When carrying out a full complex of toxicological and hygienic tests in vivo, it was established that the obtained material belongs to low-toxic, low-hazard substances with poorly expressed cumulative properties; it does not irritate the mucous membranes and does not possess gonadotoxic, embryotoxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic effects when ingested, which makes it safe and potentially promising to use it as an inorganic filler of toothpastes and agents for healing tooth enamel detection, Ca and P in it and restore the structure of the gingival mucosa.