Types Of Substructures Research Articles

CLASSIFICATION OF INTEREST IN FAMILY LAW BY DIFFERENT CRITERIA

This article is devoted to the issues of classification of interests in family law by different legal criteria. The article is argued that the classification of interests in family law should act as criteria: 1) depending on the sphere in which they arise: private and public interests of family law; 2) depending on the subjects of family law: the interests of the spouses; parents’ interests; interest of children; the interests of other family members; 3) depending on compliance with the requirements of family law, legitimate and illegal interests; 4) depending on the nature and content of the need, whose satisfaction is directed: property interest and non-property interest; 5) depending on the form of consolidation: interests, enshrined in the positions of family law and interests expressed in the principles of family law. Particular attention in the article is aimed at researching private and public interests in family law. It is proved that the norms of family law are based on the establishment of forms and limits of mutual addition of private and public interests. The article states that private interests in family law are represented in the form of interests of individual family members, and their essence is due to the type of family substructure. Also, it was stated that public interests in family law include: state interest; public interest; the family’s interest. The article states that adopted by parents, legitimate representatives of the child, authorities, court and other decisions in their basis should be directed to priority taking into account the interests of the child in order to meet any of its needs (depending on age, health, sex, sex. The specifics of the child’s development), which fits in the essence of the principle of the best interests of the child. The author of the article has proven that the principle of the best interests of the child includes both the principle of the wellbeing of the child, eliminating the need for their delimitation as separate legal categories.

Эволюция микроструктуры и ее параметров с деформацией в поликристаллических сплавах медь - алюминий с разной энергией дефекта упаковки

Evolution of the dislocation structure during active plastic deformation was carried out in copper-aluminum alloys with Al content of 0.5-14 at. % using transmission electron microscopy. Analysis of the types of the dislocation substructure as a function of the alloying element content and deformation degree was conducted. The following parameters of the defect substructure were measured: average scalar dislocation density, curvature-torsion of the crystal lattice and microtwin density. The effect of stacking fault energy on accumulation of defects in the alloys was observed and evaluated.

Эволюция дислокационной субструктуры при деформации упорядоченного и разупорядоченного сплава Pd3Fe в области слабоустойчивых структурно-фазовых состояний

The results of an electron microscopy study of the evolution of the dislocation structure of a polycrystalline ordered and disordered Pd3Fe alloy in the region of weakly stable structural-phase States are presented. The scheme of rearrangement of dislocation substructures during the transition from stage to stage, which are highlighted on the deformation curves of the Pd3Fe alloy, is constructed. It is established that in the case of both disordered and ordered alloys, each stage of deformation is characterized by its own special types of dislocation substructure (DSS), which are the main carriers of deformation for this stage. Transitions from some types of DSS to other types occur in certain ranges of values of the degree of deformation ε. The appearance of the DSS type characteristic of this stage of deformation occurs at the previous stage, and as the degree of deformation increases, the proportion of this type of DSS increases. At the stage under consideration, their share is the largest, and when moving to the next stage, it gradually decreases until it disappears. In the case of ordered alloys, the types of dislocation substructure-the main carrier of deformation for this stage differ from the types of DSS that are implemented in disordered alloys at the same stage of deformation. It is shown that each stage of deformation has its own DSS - strain carriers. When moving to a new stage, the transition to new structural carriers of deformation occurs. During the transition, these carriers co-exist, which is a characteristic feature of weakly stable States of the system.

KinaseMD: kinase mutations and drug response database.

Mutations in kinases are abundant and critical to study signaling pathways and regulatory roles in human disease, especially in cancer. Somatic mutations in kinase genes can affect drug treatment, both sensitivity and resistance, to clinically used kinase inhibitors. Here, we present a newly constructed database, KinaseMD (kinase mutations and drug response), to structurally and functionally annotate kinase mutations. KinaseMD integrates 679 374 somatic mutations, 251 522 network-rewiring events, and 390 460 drug response records curated from various sources for 547 kinases. We uniquely annotate the mutations and kinase inhibitor response in four types of protein substructures (gatekeeper, A-loop, G-loop and αC-helix) that are linked to kinase inhibitor resistance in literature. In addition, we annotate functional mutations that may rewire kinase regulatory network and report four phosphorylation signals (gain, loss, up-regulation and down-regulation). Overall, KinaseMD provides the most updated information on mutations, unique annotations of drug response especially drug resistance and functional sites of kinases. KinaseMD is accessible at https://bioinfo.uth.edu/kmd/, having functions for searching, browsing and downloading data. To our knowledge, there has been no systematic annotation of these structural mutations linking to kinase inhibitor response. In summary, KinaseMD is a centralized database for kinase mutations and drug response.

A crystal plasticity FE study of macro- and micro-subdivision in aluminium single crystals {001} multi-pass rolled to a high reduction

In this study, the substructure formation in a multi-pass rolled aluminium single crystal {001}<110> was investigated by the crystal plasticity finite element model, and the predations were validated by experimental observations at both macro- and micro-scale. A finite element model for multi-pass rolling was developed to follow the real experimental rolling scheme, by which the through-thickness macroscopic subdivision was successfully predicted up to a 90 % reduction. The macro-subdivision was featured by forming matrix bands through the thickness, and the deformation behaviours, in terms of slip activity, shear strain and crystal rotation, alternated between matrix bands. The development of matrix bands, stability of crystal orientations, and correlation between slip activity, shear strain and crystal rotation have been investigated. Another modelling method, Submodel, was used to exceedingly increase the mesh resolution in smaller regions of interest, and the experimentally observed microstructure, i.e., micro-subdivision was explicitly and spatially revealed. Similar predictions were obtained in Submodels with different element sizes, which proves the feasibility of this method in predicting microstructure formation. It was found that the substructure formation by varying slip activity and crystal rotation between domains is energy favourable. The procedure of substructure formation was explained based on the predictions, three types of substructure have been identified, and the substructure formation was discussed.

Modular Tree Network for Source Code Representation Learning

Learning representation for source code is a foundation of many program analysis tasks. In recent years, neural networks have already shown success in this area, but most existing models did not make full use of the unique structural information of programs. Although abstract syntax tree (AST)-based neural models can handle the tree structure in the source code, they cannot capture the richness of different types of substructure in programs. In this article, we propose a modular tree network that dynamically composes different neural network units into tree structures based on the input AST. Different from previous tree-structural neural network models, a modular tree network can capture the semantic differences between types of AST substructures. We evaluate our model on two tasks: program classification and code clone detection. Our model achieves the best performance compared with state-of-the-art approaches in both tasks, showing the advantage of leveraging more elaborate structure information of the source code.

Application of endurance time method to seismic fragility evaluation of highway bridges considering scour effect

Earthquake and flood scour are two main causes of failures to highway bridges. This study developed an alternative fragility analysis framework of bridges based on endurance time method (ETM). A two-span reinforced concrete highway bridge supported by three types of substructures, e.g. shaft foundation, two-column bent foundation and pile group foundation, was taken as the example bridge. The developed framework was used to obtain the fragility curves of the example bridges. The influences of scour depth, substructure design, ground motion direction and scour countermeasure on the seismic fragility of bridges were investigated. The developed seismic fragility analysis framework based on endurance time method yields accurate and efficient calculation compared with IDA method. Scour reduces the bearing capacity of the foundation and affects the seismic fragility of bridges. However, the effect of scour on the seismic fragility varies with the bridge substructure design, the ground motion direction and the application of the scour countermeasure.

Identification of the Destruction Model of Ventilated Facade under the Influence of Fire

Ventilated facades are becoming an increasingly popular solution for external part of walls in the buildings. They may differ in many elements, among others things: claddings (fiber cement boards, HPL plates, large-slab ceramic tiles, ACM panels, stone cladding), types of substructures, console supports, etc. The main part that characterizes ventilated facades is the use of an air cavity between the cladding and thermal insulation. Unfortunately, in some aspects they are not yet well-standardized and tested. Above all, the requirements for the falling-off of elements from ventilated facades during a fire are not precisely defined by, among other things, the lack of clearly specified requirements and testing. This is undoubtedly a major problem, as it significantly affects the safety of evacuation during a fire emergency. For the purposes of this article, experimental tests were carried out on a large-scale facade model, with two types of external-facade cladding. The materials used as external cladding were fiber cement boards and large-slab ceramic tiles. The model of large-scale test was 3.95 m × 3.95 m, the burning gas released from the burner was used as the source of fire. The test lasted one hour. The facade model was equipped with thermocouples. The cladding materials showed different behavior during the test. Large-slab ceramic tiles seemed to be a safer form of external cladding for ventilated facades. Unfortunately, they were destroyed much faster, for about 6 min. Large-slab ceramic tiles were destroyed within the first dozen or so minutes, then their destruction did not proceed or was minimal. In the case of fiber cement boards, the destruction started from the eleventh minute and increased until the end of the test. The authors referred the results of large-scale test to testing on samples carried out by other authors. The results presented the convergence of large-scale test with samples. External claddings was equipped with additional mechanical protection. The use of additional mechanical protection to maintain external cladding elements increases their safety but does not completely eliminate the problem of the falling-off of parts of the facade. As research on fiber cement boards and large-slab ceramic tiles presented, these claddings were a major hazard due to fall-off from facade.

Substructure-Based Topology Optimization for Symmetric Hierarchical Lattice Structures

This work presents a topology optimization method for symmetric hierarchical lattice structures with substructuring. In this method, we define two types of symmetric lattice substructures, each of which contains many finite elements. By controlling the materials distribution of these elements, the configuration of substructure can be changed. And then each substructure is condensed into a super-element. A surrogate model based on a series of super-elements can be built using the cubic B-spline interpolation. Here, the relative density of substructure is set as the design variable. The optimality criteria method is used for the updating of design variables on two scales. In the process of topology optimization, the symmetry of microstructure is determined by self-defined microstructure configuration, while the symmetry of macro structure is determined by boundary conditions. In this proposed method, because of the educing number of degree of freedoms on macrostructure, the proposed method has high efficiency in optimization. Numerical examples show that both the size and the number of substructures have essential influences on macro structure, indicating the effectiveness of the presented method.

Deep Learning the Morphology of Dark Matter Substructure

Abstract Strong gravitational lensing is a promising probe of the substructure of dark matter halos. Deep-learning methods have the potential to accurately identify images containing substructure, and differentiate weakly interacting massive particle dark matter from other well motivated models, including vortex substructure of dark matter condensates and superfluids. This is crucial in future efforts to identify the true nature of dark matter. We implement, for the first time, a classification approach to identifying dark matter based on simulated strong lensing images with different substructure. Utilizing convolutional neural networks trained on sets of simulated images, we demonstrate the feasibility of deep neural networks to reliably distinguish among different types of dark matter substructure. With thousands of strong lensing images anticipated with the coming launch of Vera C. Rubin Observatory, we expect that supervised and unsupervised deep-learning models will play a crucial role in determining the nature of dark matter.

Research on the seismic retrofitting performance of RC frames using SC‐PBSPC BRBF substructures

SummaryA new type of external substructure to upgrade existing reinforced concrete frames (RCFs) is presented in this paper, namely, a self‐centering precast bolt‐connected steel‐plate reinforced concrete buckling‐restrained brace frame (SC‐PBSPC BRBF). The upgrade mechanism and three‐dimensional simulation model were analyzed based on relevant experiment validations. A quasistatic analysis and parameter study was conducted using 21 scenarios to compare the upgrading effects of the outside substructure. Afterwards, a stiffness‐based design procedure was developed and modified for this external substructure, including macro‐demand analysis, partial component design, and overall structural evaluations. Dynamic analyses were also performed on a frame building for five cases, before and after strengthening. The proposed numerical model reflected the precast characteristics and displayed the ideal fitting accuracy. The external assembled brace provided sufficient initial stiffness and energy dissipation capacity, while the external prestressed tendon decreased residual displacements and facilitated self‐centering of the whole structure. The analyses illustrated that the damage to the existing RCF was transferred and seismic demands were significantly reduced within limitations, accompanied with greater capacity reliability. This research provides a reference for the practical applications of the external upgrading substructures in earthquake‐prone areas.

Study of typhoon impacts on the foundation design of offshore wind turbines in Taiwan

Taiwan is hit by an annual average of three to four typhoons with different intensities and routes. To consider the impacts of typhoon events on offshore substructure design, the historical metocean data for storm event-based frequency analysis are generally applied. However, whether a supertyphoon passes directly over an offshore wind farm has a great influence on the results of frequency analysis. Therefore, the American Bureau of Shipping has recently increased the return period of hydrodynamic loads from 50 to 100 years to address the higher variation in the severity of extreme storms in typhoon-prone offshore regions. In this paper, to assess the impacts of the increase in the return period (from 50 to 100 years) on the design of offshore substructures, case studies of different types of substructures (i.e. monopile, three-leg jacket and four-leg jacket) with different water depths were conducted for the offshore wind farms off the coast of Changhua County in central Taiwan. The quantitative differences in foundation design are presented by way of a comparison of substructure weights, overturning moments and pile lengths. The preliminary results of the case studies show that the monopile design is more obviously dominated by earthquakes than by typhoons and the jacket-type foundation is more significantly dominated by typhoons.

A language for probabilistically oblivious computation

An oblivious computation is one that is free of direct and indirect information leaks, e.g., due to observable differences in timing and memory access patterns. This paper presents Lambda Obliv, a core language whose type system enforces obliviousness. Prior work on type-enforced oblivious computation has focused on deterministic programs. Lambda Obliv is new in its consideration of programs that implement probabilistic algorithms, such as those involved in cryptography. Lambda Obliv employs a substructural type system and a novel notion of probability region to ensure that information is not leaked via the observed distribution of visible events. Probability regions support reasoning about probabilistic correlation and independence between values, and our use of probability regions is motivated by a source of unsoundness that we discovered in the type system of ObliVM, a language for implementing state of the art oblivious algorithms. We prove that Lambda Obliv's type system enforces obliviousness and show that it is expressive enough to typecheck advanced tree-based oblivious RAMs.

Self-organization processes during deformation of nickel single crystals

In this work, plastic deformation of nickel single crystals with highly symmetric orientations was examined. Revealed scale levels of plastic deformation self-organization and the corresponding deformation mechanisms. It was established that the shear traces and meso-bands are formed due to dislocation glide, macro-bands are formed due to dislocation glide in and near-surface misorientation of local areas, and for folds the disorientation inside the crystal is additionally developed. Based on the morphology of folded structures, it is shown that there is a correlation between the wavelength of the folds, the distance between the misoriented bands and the dislocation substructure. The Hurst exponent and correlation lengths correlate with the stages of the stress-strain curve and, consequently, the type of dislocation substructure.

PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION WITH HYBRID PROSTHESIS ON IMPLANTS IN MANDIBULA

In the modern world trends, standardized conventional prosthetic restorations are increasingly replaced by non-conventional therapeutic methods and devices. The main goal set by modern prosthetоdontic therapy is the tendency to increase retention and fix the stability of restorations in the area of their base. One of the new solutions to this problem has been the application of the Brånemark system (Nobel Biocare). One of such prosthetic devices is the so-called single hybrid prosthesis (multi unit system). It is basically a type of fixed-mobile substructure that is tightly screwed with screw nuts on several pre-installed implants. The methodology of the work is multidisciplinary and primarily requires knowledge of several areas with a skilled team with professionalism and stable routine. Hybrid prosthesis are the practical choice of a firmly fixed prosthetic superstructure on 4 implants in order to give the patients a sense of security, stability and immobility of the restoration itself. The purpose of our research was to study the frequency of use of hybrid prostheses compared to other conventional types, as well as to determine their prevalence in terms of localization and some demographic characteristics (gender and age). The prevalence of hybrid devices compared to other types of mobile devices by year, varies from 3.15% in year 2010 to 7.33% in 2018. There is a higher percentage of these prostheses in the lower jaw of 88.4% compared to the upper jaw where the representation is significantly lower and equals 11.6%. The highest percentage is in the group of 50-59 years old with a value of 40%. If we add values from 40-59 years old, we get data that more than half or more precisely 64.8% of the interviewed group are in this age range. Тhe percentage representation of the hybrid dentures gradually increases with age, then gradually decreases, while the oldest patients prefer the use of classical acrylic total dentures. Analysis of the prevalence of hybrid prosthesis in relation to gender did not show significant variations. It could be concluded that immediate implant function becomes an accepted treatment modality for fixed restorations in completely toothless mandibula, while experience with immediate implant function in the upper jaw is still very limited.

Comparison of three seemingly similar lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases from Neurospora crassa suggests different roles in plant biomass degradation

Many fungi produce multiple lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) with seemingly similar functions, but the biological reason for this multiplicity remains unknown. To address this question, here we carried out comparative structural and functional characterizations of three cellulose-active C4-oxidizing family AA9 LPMOs from the fungus Neurospora crassa, NcLPMO9A (NCU02240), NcLPMO9C (NCU02916), and NcLPMO9D (NCU01050). We solved the three-dimensional structure of copper-bound NcLPMO9A at 1.6-Å resolution and found that NcLPMO9A and NcLPMO9C, containing a CBM1 carbohydrate-binding module, bind cellulose more strongly and were less susceptible to inactivation than NcLPMO9D, which lacks a CBM. All three LPMOs were active on tamarind xyloglucan and konjac glucomannan, generating similar products but clearly differing in activity levels. Importantly, in some cases, the addition of phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC) had a major effect on activity: NcLPMO9A was active on xyloglucan only in the presence of PASC, and PASC enhanced NcLPMO9D activity on glucomannan. Interestingly, the three enzymes also exhibited large differences in their interactions with enzymatic electron donors, which could reflect that they are optimized to act with different reducing partners. All three enzymes efficiently used H2O2 as a cosubstrate, yielding product profiles identical to those obtained in O2-driven reactions with PASC, xyloglucan, or glucomannan. Our results indicate that seemingly similar LPMOs act preferentially on different types of copolymeric substructures in the plant cell wall, possibly because these LPMOs are functionally adapted to distinct niches differing in the types of available reductants.

Monopile-mounted wave energy converter for a hybrid wind-wave system

Multipurpose platforms are innovative solutions to combine the sustainable exploitation of multiple marine resources. Among them, hybrid wind-wave systems stand out due to the multiple synergies between these two forms of marine renewable energy. The objective of this work is to develop a hybrid system for monopile substructures, which are currently the prevailing type of substructure for offshore wind turbines, and more specifically to focus on the wave energy converter sub-system, which consists in an oscillating water column. For this purpose, an in-depth experimental campaign was carried out using a 1:40 scale model of the wave energy converter sub-system and the monopile substructure, considering regular and irregular waves. Based on the experimental results the performance of the device and its interaction with the wave field were characterised – a fundamental step to fully understand the benefits and limitations of this hybrid wind-wave system, which sets the basis for its future development. Regarding the performance, the best efficiency was obtained with the turbine damping corresponding to a 0.5% orifice size, and two resonance peaks were identified (T = 9 and 6 s). As for the interaction of the hybrid system with the wave field, between 5% and 66% of the incident wave power is reflected and between 3% and 45%, transmitted. The wave period was found to be the parameter that most influenced wave run-up on the substructure. This characterisation of the behaviour of the hybrid system shows that it is indeed a promising option for further development.

Sequence-to-sequence modeling for graph representation learning

We propose sequence-to-sequence architectures for graph representation learning in both supervised and unsupervised regimes. Our methods use recurrent neural networks to encode and decode information from graph-structured data. Recurrent neural networks require sequences, so we choose several methods of traversing graphs using different types of substructures with various levels of granularity to generate sequences of nodes for encoding. Our unsupervised approaches leverage long short-term memory (LSTM) encoder-decoder models to embed the graph sequences into a continuous vector space. We then represent a graph by aggregating its graph sequence representations. Our supervised architecture uses an attention mechanism to collect information from the neighborhood of a sequence. The attention module enriches our model in order to focus on the subgraphs that are crucial for the purpose of a graph classification task. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches by showing improvements over the existing state-of-the-art approaches on several graph classification tasks.

SEISMIC VULNERABILITY AND RETROFIT METHODOLOGIES IN MEDIUM-LENGTH REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES

An important number of short and medium span bridges in the world were built before 1970. Particularly, in Mexico, the typical structural configuration of these bridges is a simple supported concrete deck on reinforced concrete beams, for two lane roads. Just a few of them have been designed for seismic actions and during their life several increments of the live load amplitudes have been presented. This paper comments the most common procedures to assess the seismic vulnerability of these structures and the techniques used to rehabilitate and retrofit them. Special emphasis is devoted to the importance of the substructure type on the expected damage limit states of the bridges.

Effect of Temperature on the Evolution of the Dislocation Structure of Ni Single Crystals

The dislocation structures and stress–strain curves of Ni single crystals with a [100] compression axis are studied at temperatures of 293 and 673 K. The dislocation structures for both temperatures are shown to arise in the sequence cellular, band, and fragmentary. A rise in temperature has no effect on the type of substructures that are observed in strained Ni single crystals, despite the difference between their parameters.