Types Of Social Behavior Research Articles

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВЗАЄМОЗВ'ЯЗКУ ЖИТТЄСТІЙКОСТІ Й ОПАНУВАЛЬНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ ОСОБИСТОСТІ

The article reveals the concept of coping behavior, its features, and its main functions in the life of a person. It is presented as a special type of social behavior that ensures the preservation of the mental health and well-being of the individual and helps to cope with stressful events and difficult life situations with the help of conscious actions. The main ways of coping behavior are characterized. It is emphasized that an important factor in the formation of coping behavior is the adaptive potential of the individual, namely the level of its hardiness. It is emphasized that it is the hardiness of the individual that is the leading factor in the effective life of the individual, which provides the ability to productively overcome difficulties, using constructive behavioral strategies, to cope with difficult life situations and psychological stress. It helps to minimize the negative consequences, turning them into new opportunities for one's development, and most importantly, to maintain harmonious communication with the environment. The article also presents the results of a study of the features of the relationship between hardiness and the coping behavior of an individual. Among the features of the manifestation of methods of coping behavior in the subjects, a high level was found among such indicators as self-control, flight avoidance, and positive reassessment. The study established a relationship between coping behavior and personality resilience. In particular, the presence of a direct statistically significant correlation of medium strength (r=0.390, sig=0.012) between the "Problem Solving Planning" strategy and hardiness was revealed; the presence of a direct statistically significant relationship of average-strength (r=0.388, sig=0.013) between the "Self-control" strategy and hardiness; the presence of a direct statistically significant relationship of medium strength (r=0.463, sig=0.000) between the "Taking responsibility" strategy and hardiness; the presence of an inverse statistically significant relationship of average-strength (r=-0.429, sig=0.000) between the "Escape-avoidance" strategy and hardiness. Peculiarities of expressiveness of ways of coping behavior in the subjects with high and low hardiness were determined. Thus, a group of people with a high level of hardiness is characterized by the manifestation of constructive skills to resist difficulties, energy, and the ability to defend their interests, minimize their anxiety and positively reassess the current situation. At the same time, individuals with low levels of hardiness are more inclined to be attracted by the support of others than to solve problems on their own, they tend to use an escape-avoidance strategy, often distance themselves, and show low self-control and low ability to solve problems.

Oxytocin receptor disruption in Avil-expressing cells results in blunted sociability and increased inter-male aggression.

Social behaviors are foundational to society and quality of life while social behavior extremes are core symptoms in a variety of psychopathologies and developmental disabilities. Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuroactive hormone that regulates social behaviors through its receptor (OXTR), with all previously identified social behavior effects attributed to the central nervous system, which has developmental origins in the neural tube. However, OXTR are also present in neural crest-derived tissue including sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Avil encodes for the actin-binding protein ADVILLIN, is expressed in neural crest-derived cells, and was therefore used as a target in this study to knock out OXTR expression in neural-crest derived cells. Here, we tested if OXTRs specifically expressed in Avil positive neural crest-derived cells are necessary for species-typical adult social behaviors using a Cre-LoxP strategy. Genetically modified male and female mice lacking OXTR in Avil expressing cells (OXTRAvil KO) were tested for sociability and preference for social novelty. Males were also tested for resident intruder aggression. OXTRAvil KO males and females had reduced sociability compared to OXTRAvil WT controls. Additionally, OXTRAvil KO males had increased aggressive behaviors compared to controls. These data indicate that OXTRs in cells of neural crest origin are important regulators of typical social behaviors in C57BL/6J adult male and female mice and point to needed directions of future research.

Automated detection and analysis of social behaviors among preweaning piglets using key point-based spatial and temporal features

In the pig industry, the social behaviors of preweaning piglets are critical indicators of their liveability, growth, health, and welfare status. In this study, we developed a novel method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that extracts high-quality spatiotemporal features to detect different types of social behaviors among preweaning piglets: snout-snout and snout-body social nosing, and snout-snout and snout-body aggressive/playing behavior. In our method, piglets were first detected and individually tracked using an integrated CNN-based network. Upon piglet detection, the key points of the piglet body were detected using a key point detector and a 1-second-tracking-unit strategy was adopted to reduce the influence of tracking errors and missing the detection of piglets. To detect suspected social behaviors in a tracking unit, we constructed a self-adaptive spatial affinity kernel function to represent the relationships between piglets, and pairwise piglets with spatial affinity higher than 0.7 were kept for further analysis, while the others were filtered out. Thereafter, high-quality spatiotemporal features consisting of the piglets’ spatial affinity and the corresponding linear motion and angular motion intensities were extracted and input into a support vector machine to hierarchically detect and classify piglet social behaviors. In addition, the proportions of the four detected social behaviors associated with the interaction points were analyzed in short video clips and a long video that covered the whole daytime. Our method achieved a favorable detection performance with a recall of 0.9687, a precision of 0.9309, and an F1 of 0.9494 in the short video clips, and a recall of 0.9576, a precision of 0.9187, and an F1 of 0.9377 in the 8-h long video episode. This shows the feasibility of the detection of social behaviors for piglets using CNNs.

PENGARUH KONFORMITAS TERHADAP KEDISIPLINAN ANGGOTA RESIMEN MAHASISWA DI SUMBAWA

Conformity is a type of social behavior in which individuals change their attitude and behavior to conform to social norms. Discipline is the awareness and willingness of someone who obeys all company regulations and applicable social norms. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an effect of Conformity on the Discipline of Student Regiment Members in Sumbawa. This research uses descriptive quantitative approach, the sampling technique uses cluster random sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 100 members of the student Regiment. Research data is obtained using the research instrument in form of two scales namely Conformity scale and Discipline scale. Results showes that Conformity is affecting the Discipline of the Student Regimen Members in Sumbawa with value p = 0,000/p < 0,05 and R square of 0,559 Wich means that the higher the Conformity of the members of the Student Regiment, the higher the influence on Discipline. Conformity has an effect of 55,9% while the remaining 44,1% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

Social Behavior of University Students in Civic Sphere (Based on Results of Sociological Study in Rostov Region, Russia)

The specific features of social needs and life strategies of students as a special social group, the significant role of universities in the formation of civic consciousness and the peculiarities of the transformation of the civic sphere in Russia actualize the study of the social behavior of university students in the civic sphere. The main purpose of the study is to identify the features of the social behavior of university students in the civic sphere and to determine their types. The methodological framework is based on the synthesis of socially deterministic and neoinstitutional approaches, the theory of mental programs, M. Rokeach's value approach and the activity-based approach to studying social practices. As external factors, the authors examine the features of organizational and institutional conditions for the implementation of civil-social and civil-political practices by students. The authors investigate the following internal factors: conservative and liberal mental programs which include ideas about civic participation as a terminal and instrumental value, attitudes and motives behind practices. The study is based on the data of the author's questionnaire of 382 students from seven universities in the Rostov region. According to the results of the study, there are four types of social behavior of students in the civil sphere: civic type, career-leisure type, hybrid type and conformist type. The most common type of behavior remains conformist as it is formed under the influence of conservative mental programs and formal conditions for the implementation of civil practices. The most adaptive to modern realities in the civil sphere is the hybrid type of students' social behavior. The university is a platform of special social trust between students and determines broad prospects for the development of informal civic events.

Exploring influencing factors of WEEE social recycling behavior: A Chinese perspective

Recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) reduces the waste of resources, environmental pollution, and human health risks. WEEE recycling involves multiple stakeholders and a complex array of interacting factors that influence the behavior of those stakeholders. Identifying the key influencing factors for these stakeholders helps in the effective development of the WEEE recycling industry. Most previous research has only considered the perspective of consumers, however, this study considered the influencing factors for four key stakeholders: manufacturers, consumers, recyclers and disposers, and the government. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) model was used to determine the main factors affecting the typical social recycling behaviors in China. The results show that the most critical influential factor is the government policies that promote WEEE recycling (incentive), whereas the most important centrality factor is the producers that take responsibility for recycling. The disclosure of the environmental product information by manufacturers is the least important influencing factor in the system, which is contrary to conventional understanding. Although the government plays a powerful role, the production, recycling, and processing companies constitute central links in the entire WEEE recycling industry and are therefore important. These results are helpful in formulating relevant policies and affecting the behavior of relevant stakeholders.

A Systematic Review of Social Maintenance Behavior Outcomes of Interactive Social Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

A large and varied evidence base supporting the efficacy of social therapies to improve the social behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) does not permit a clear understanding of which specific types of social behavior are improved by specific social therapies. Social maintenance behaviors function to form and sustain relationships, which has been associated with a reduction in negative social experiences in children with ASD. The present systematic review investigates the effectiveness of interactive social therapy in increasing these specific behaviors in this population. A systematic search of PsycArticles, Medline, Education Resources Information Centre, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, and Scopus databases identified 18 articles as relevant for inclusion. The extant evidence suggests that interactive social therapies are effective in increasing social maintenance behaviors in children with ASD. Explicit targeting of these behaviors and inclusion of reinforcement are highlighted as potentially active components in this regard.

КОНЦЕПТ БІЖЕНЕЦЬ У ДИСКУРСАХ НОВИХ МЕДІА УГОРЩИНИ: «ФОРМУВАННЯ ЄДИНОГО ГОЛОСУ»

The article is devoted to the study of the concept REFUGEE / MENEKÜLT in the discourse of new media of Hungary in 2015, marked by the migration crisis in Europe. Based on the results of content analysis with the use of the “Big Data” technology, a discourse-forming role of the concept REFUGEE / MENEKÜLT has been proven in relation to the ratio of government and public positions. Hungary has formed a strategy of a “single voice” of official media and social networks which systematically implement the strategic narrative “Refugees are a threat to Hungary”(“Menekültek veszélyt jelentenek Magyarországnak”). Hungary's unified national communicative strategy of non-admittance of refugees and the corresponding discourse as a type of social behavior were laid down by national consultations (a referendum) and in V. Orbán's speeches. The narratives and thematic groups of linguistic markers of social networks regarding the concept REFUGEE / MENEKÜLT mostly coincide with the narratives and messages of the official media which relay the policy of the of Hungarian government of the day. The development of the strategic narrative is carried out according to the following structural blocks: abstract, climax, outcome, essessment, conclusion. The “single voice”policy on the issue of refugees was implemented in Hungary through various communicative channels with a focus on all target audiences.

Everyday life of local police officers in Kyiv region during the Nazi occupation (1941–1943)

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of daily life of the local police officers of the Reichсommissariat Ukraine (hereinafter – the RCU), their socio-professional status. Research methods: analytical, synthetic, historical-chronological, comparative-historical, logical. Main results. The example of the RCU examines the problem of the daily life of local police officers in their everyday, social, professional and psychological dimensions. At the systemic level, the everyday aspects of daily routine of local police officers and their place in the system of social relations of that time are clarified. Typical models of behavior of policemen of RCU are distinguished in their relationships with local society. Examples of the participation of Ukrainian police officers both in persecution and in helping people who were victims of Nazi repression are given. The fact of increase of destructive phenomena in moral and psychological moods of local police officers of the RCU is established. Scientific novelty. For the first time the daily life of RCU police officers is analyzed in detail, their place in the system of social relations and model of behavior in the course of fulfilling their professional duties are determined. Practical importance. The study identifies typical social behavior patterns of persons who in occupation conditions were employed by local police and were directly accomplishing the goals and objectives of Nazi occupation policy. The originality of the study is based on the identification and analytical and synthetic processing of previously unknown archival sources of the Soviet special services. Type of article: research.

Theocharis Kessidis: Discovery of Man and Formation of Greek Philosophy

In the article, we discuss the views of Theocharis Kessidis, an eminent classical researcher and philosopher of the 20 th century, on the origins of Greek philosophy (on the transition from myth to logos ). We define the key stages of his life: studying philosophy at Moscow State University, the impact of political atmosphere on the formation of his outlook, reflection on the discussions about the history of Western philosophy and the origin of philosophical rationalism. According to Kessidis, Homer’s mythopoetic works anteceded and prepared the substantiation of the role of reason in the comprehension of the world, which the ancient Greek philosophers (Milesian schools, Pythagoreans, Heraclitus, and the Eleatics) offered. Kessidis pays special attention to Homer’s epic style and Homeric comparisons. The epic consciousness inherits myth when dealing with the gods, but it also diffuses myth, abandoning the original unity of the image and the thing. There can be found Kessidis’s central thesis -about the “discovery of man,” self-understanding started by Homer and continued by the ancient Greek thinkers. The “discovery of man” by the Greeks made possible the development of democracy. Polis democracy is related to agonality, which is widespread among the Greeks type of social behavior and the main feature of their national character. Philosophy, as opposed to myth and religious belief, created a space for reasoning and rational self-assertion of the individual. But along the same path, abysses of the unconscious in man’s psyche opened up, as the ill-fated Peloponnesian War showed, leading to the historical defeat of logos in its fight against irrational faith. Kessidis’s ideas about the agonal, irrational that concomitant to the reason in its genesis and historical development allow us to take a new look at the transition from myth to logos and stay significant and relevant today.

Involvement of Oxytocin Receptor/Erk/MAPK Signaling in the mPFC in Early Life Stress-Induced Autistic-Like Behaviors.

The neonatal or infant period is a critical stage for the development of brain neuroplasticity. Early life stresses in the neonatal period, including neonatal maternal separation (NMS), have adverse effects on an increased risk of psychiatric disorders in juveniles and adults. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not largely understood. Here, we found that juvenile rats subjected to 4 h daily NMS during postnatal days 1 to 20 exhibited autistic-like behavioral deficits without impairments in learning and memory functions. Molecular mechanism studies showed that oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in the medial prefrontal cortex of NMS rats was evidently downregulated when compared with control pups, especially in neurons. Erk/MAPK signaling, the downstream coupling signaling of OTXR, was also inhibited in NMS juvenile rats. Treatment with oxytocin could relieve NMS-induced social deficit behaviors and activated phosphorylation of Erk/MAPK signaling. Furthermore, medication with the inhibitor of H3K4 demethylase alleviated the abnormal behaviors in NMS rats and increased the expression of OXTR in the medial prefrontal cortex, which showed an epigenetic mechanism underlying social deficits induced by NMS. Taken together, these findings identified a molecular mechanism by which disruptions of mother–infant interactions influenced later displays of typical social behaviors and suggested the potential for NMS-driven epigenetic tuning of OXTR expression.

Social Behavior of Students in Higher Education (Based on the Results of a Sociological Study in the Rostov Region, Russia)

The transformational processes in the field of higher education in Russia, associated with the introduction of new educational practices, actualize the importance of studying changes in the social behavior of university students. The main purpose of the study was to clarify the characteristics of the social behavior of university students, conditioned by external and internal factors. The methodological construct included synthesis of socially deterministic and neoinstitutional approaches, the theory of mental programs, the theory of generations, the value approach of M. Rokeach, as well as the activity-based approach to the study of social practices. Reforms in the higher education system in Russia, which were accompanied by the emergence of a new educational environment and excessive social inequalities, were studied as external factors. Mental programs were studied as internal factors, which included ideas about education as a terminal and instrumental value, attitudes and motives of practices. The research was based on the data of the authors' questionnaire survey of 382 students from 7 universities of the Rostov region. Identifying the features of the mental programs of university students and their educational practices made it possible to identify six types of social behavior of students in the educational sphere: traditional, career, pragmatic, traditional and career, traditional and pragmatic, and career and pragmatic. The analysis of the results allows drawing conclusions about the high readiness of students to new educational practices, which are still poorly implemented. At the same time, motivation depends on mental programs, and the educational practices themselves depend on the conditions created in universities. The results of the study may be of interest to specialists dealing with the issues of social behavior of students in the context of transformations of the higher education system.

MIGRANT YOUTH PUSH BACK. VIRTUAL FRIENDSHIPS AND EVERYDAY RESISTANCE IN THE DIGITAL SPHERE

ABSTRACT Resistance has proven to be a hard concept to define. Debates about resistance in the sociological and sociolinguistic literature cover many aspects: from the degree to which resistance can be seen as related to established social groups (see Rampton 1996), to the level of agentivity and intention that is required for an action to be regarded as resistant, to the type of social behavior that qualifies. Thus, while some see resistance as based on actions, others see it as based on cultural appropriation (Hall & Jefferson 1976). In their comprehensive review of literature on the topic, Hollander & Einwohner (2004) conclude that resistance can be seen as consisting of action and opposition. In this paper, I analyze resistance from the point of view of opposition to ideas, social situations, institutional actions and processes that result or may result in discrimination or stereotyping of specific social groups, as negotiated in the digital sphere by migrant and non-migrant youth belonging to a school-based community. Indeed, it has been argued (Chiluwa 2012, Chibuwe & Ureke 2016) that digital environments constitute ideal arenas for the development of resistance thanks to their wide reach and their ability to mobilize people around common themes. However, much of the research in this area has targeted organized resistance fueled by political or ethnic groups. In this paper I argue that resistance is an emerging process that does not necessarily stem within political contexts or from open choice, but can develop within interactional exchanges focused on everyday life events. Thus, what I am interested in here is in how spontaneous acts and discourses of resistance emerge in the everyday exchanges of a diverse community that was not born around a particular social or political agenda. For this paper, I will examine exchanges that happen on the Facebook page of one of the members of the community. I will show how resistance takes many forms: from irony and jokes to the raising of serious topics, to the dissemination of information and through different discourse genres: from storytelling to the posting of pictures.

Long-term repeatability in social behaviour suggests stable social phenotypes in wild chimpanzees.

Consistent individual differences in social phenotypes have been observed in many animal species. Changes in demographics, dominance hierarchies or ecological factors, such as food availability or disease prevalence, are expected to influence decision-making processes regarding social interactions. Therefore, it should be expected that individuals show flexibility rather than stability in social behaviour over time to maximize the fitness benefits of social living. Understanding the processes that create and maintain social phenotypes requires data encompassing a range of socioecological settings and variation in intrinsic state or life-history stage or strategy. Using observational data spanning up to 19 years for some individuals, we demonstrate that multiple types of social behaviour are repeatable over the long term in wild chimpanzees, a long-lived species with complex fission–fusion societies. We controlled for temporal, ecological and demographic changes, limiting pseudo-repeatability. We conclude that chimpanzees living in natural ecological settings have relatively stable long-term social phenotypes over years that may be independent of life-history or reproductive strategies. Our results add to the growing body of the literature suggesting consistent individual differences in social tendencies are more likely the rule rather than the exception in group-living animals.

Social functioning in schizotypy: How affect influences social behavior in daily life.

Social deficits are already exhibited by people at risk for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Technological advances have made passive detection of social deficits possible at granular levels. In this real-world study, we tested if schizotypy status (high/low) predicted two types of social behavior: (1) being around other people; and (2) actively socializing with others. We also examined if schizotypy influences relationships between social behavior and affect using subjective and objective instruments. Our findings revealed that socializing with others was significantly decreased in the high schizotypy group. Positive affect increased in social situations and predicted later social behavior in those low, but not high, in schizotypy. Decreased social behavior in schizotypy may be explained, in part, by these individuals being less incentivized than their peers to pursue social situations. Future studies should test this explanation in larger samples exhibiting elevated positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy traits.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia Are Better Differentiated by Positive Symptoms Than Negative Symptoms.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorders that overlap in symptom presentation. The purpose of this study was to specify overlapping symptom domains and to identify symptoms that can reliably differentiate adults with ASD (n = 53), SZ (n = 39), and typical development (TD; n = 40). All participants regardless of diagnosis were administered gold-standard diagnostic assessments of ASD and SZ characteristics including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Sensitivity and specificity of the ADOS were assessed using diagnostic cut-off scores. The degree of symptom overlap on these measures between participant groups was analyzed using Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves, and Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAs) to control for group differences in IQ and sex distributions. The ADOS reliably discriminated ASD and TD adults, but there was a high rate of “false positives” in SZ patients who did not meet the DSM-5 criteria for ASD. To identify the reasons for low specificity in the SZ sample, we categorized ASD and SZ symptoms into ‘positive’ (presence of atypical behaviors) and ‘negative’ (absence of typical behaviors) symptoms. ASD and SZ groups overlapped on negative symptoms largely related to the absence of typical social and communicative behaviors, whereas disorder-specific positive symptoms differentiated ASD and SZ. For example, those with ASD scored higher on restricted and repetitive behaviors and stereotyped language, whereas those with SZ scored higher on psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. These results suggest that, when making a differential diagnosis between ASD and SZ, clinicians may benefit from focusing on the presence or absence of positive ASD and SZ symptoms. Standardized measures to classify ASD symptoms into positive and negative symptoms have not yet been developed but represent a potentially viable clinical tool.

Kinship Without Words

This article seeks to identify at what point in hominid evolution language would have become adaptive. It starts by recalling the distinction between kin-selected altruism and reciprocal altruism, noting that the former is characteristic of social insects while the latter is found among some species of social mammal. Reciprocal altruism depends on the exchange of information assuring partners of the other’s continued friendly intent, as in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma. The article focuses on species that practice “fission–fusion”: social behaviour, where the alternation between larger and smaller parties creates greater uncertainty as to individuals’ continued commitment to reciprocity. The greatest uncertainty arises in “atomistic” fission–fusion, where individuals leave and join foraging groups independently. Chimpanzees, bonobos, and human hunter–gatherers practice this type of social behaviour. There is less uncertainty where the smaller social unit is an extended family, as among vampire bats, chacma baboons, and savanna elephants. A comparison of the repertoire of calls and gestures among these species indicates that chimpanzees and bonobos have the largest repertoires. I then point out that, thanks to the higher proportion of meat in the diet, hunter–gatherers must live in far more dispersed communities than chimpanzees or bonobos, yet they practice more complex patterns of cooperation and reciprocity. This, I argue, created a social environment in which language became particularly adaptive. Homo heidelbergensis is identified as the key species in which language could have originated, during the transition between the Lower and Middle Paleolithic.

How does individual variation in sociality influence fitness in prairie voles?

Comparative studies aid in our understanding of specific conditions favouring the initial evolution of different types of social behaviours, yet there is much unexplained intraspecific variation in the expression of social behaviour that comparative studies have not yet addressed. The proximate causes of this individual variation in social behaviour within a species have been examined in some species but its fitness consequences have been less frequently investigated. In this study, we quantified the fitness consequences of variation in the sociality of prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster. We characterized sociality of voles in seminatural enclosures using an automated behavioural tracking system paired with social network analyses to quantify the degree of spatial and temporal co-occurrence of different voles. We then assessed the relationship between sociality and both mating success (number of different conspecifics with which an individual produced offspring) and reproductive success (total number of offspring surviving to first capture). We measured the number of social connections each individual had with all voles and with only opposite-sex voles (unweighted degree) through social network analyses. Both female and male voles varied in the number of social connections they had with all conspecifics and with opposite-sex conspecifics. In both analyses, females and males with an intermediate number of social connections had higher mating success overall and, for the analysis with all connections, produced more offspring. Males with many or few social connections also had the lowest average body mass. Overall, our results suggest some limit on the fitness benefits of sociality. Although there was substantial individual variation in our measure of vole social behaviour, intermediate levels of social connections may be most favourable.

Ultrasonic signals associated with different types of social behavior of mice.

Communication plays an integral role in human social dynamics and is impaired in several neurodevelopmental disorders. Mice are used to study the neurobiology of social behavior; however, the extent to which mouse vocalizations influence social dynamics has remained elusive because it is difficult to identify the vocalizing animal among mice involved in a group interaction. By tracking the ultrasonic vocal behavior of individual mice and using an algorithm developed to group phonically similar signals, we show that distinct patterns of vocalization emerge as male mice perform specific social actions. Mice dominating other mice were more likely to emit different vocal signals than mice avoiding social interactions. Furthermore, we show that the patterns of vocal expression influence the behavior of the socially-engaged partner but no other animals in the cage. These findings clarify the function of mouse communication by revealing a communicative ultrasonic signaling repertoire.

Психологические факторы ответственного поведения учащейся молодежи

The article considers the problem of studying the determinants of the types of responsible behavior of young people. It is assumed that there are similarities and differences in the determination of the types of responsible behavior of the youth. The study involved 70 students (average age – 22 years old, SD = 2.19; men – 12%). We used the standardized methods "Questionnaire for the diagnosis of the personal symptom complex of responsibility" (Kocharyan I.A.), "Methods for the study of self-attitude" (Panteleev S.R.), the questionnaire "Determining the level of self-esteem" (Kovalev S.V.), "Social Desirability Scale" (D. Crown, D. Marlowe). We established that the most pronounced types of social behavior of youth are "ethics" and "self-sacrifice". It is shown that the severity of the type of social responsibility is determined by various combinations of psychological characteristics. The most complex regression equation characterizes the type of responsible behavior “Normalizations”. The least pronounced prediction of responsible behavior was revealed in relation to its types: "Fidelity to principle" and "Self-confidence". The results of this study can be useful for further study of the problems of social responsibility, as well as for the development of programs for the formation of youth's social responsibility in educational organizations.