Types Of Seafood Research Articles

Comparative Study of Potentially Toxic Nickel and Their Potential Human Health Risks in Seafood (Fish and Mollusks) from Peninsular Malaysia.

Simple SummaryExposure to highly nickel (Ni)-polluted environments through oral ingestion of seafood may induce a variety of pathological and toxicological impacts, which is our main public concern. The present biomonitoring study concluded that the Ni levels of the three seafood types were found to have posed no Ni’s non-carcinogenic risk of seafood ingestion. In addition, both the average and high-level consumptions of seafood would not pose adverse effects of Ni to the consumers. This study provided a scientific basis for the food safety assessment of Ni and suggestions for risk management of potentially toxic Ni of seafood consumption in Malaysia.Human exposure to highly nickel (Ni)-polluted environments through oral ingestion pathways may cause various pathological effects. This biomonitoring study aimed to assess the human health risk of potentially toxic Ni in 19 species of marine fishes from Setiu (Terengganu) and two popular seafood molluscs (mangrove snail Cerithidea obtusa and cockle Anadara granosa) from the coastal area of Peninsular Malaysia. The Ni levels of the three seafood types were found below the maximum permissible limit for Ni. The Ni target hazard quotient values of all seafood were lower than 1.00 for average and high-level (AHL) Malaysian consumers, indicating no Ni’s non-carcinogenic risk of seafood consumption. It was also found that the calculated values of estimated weekly intake were below than established provisional tolerable weekly intake of Ni for both AHL consumers. It can be concluded that both the AHL consumption of seafood would not pose adverse effects of Ni to the consumers. This study provided a scientific basis for the food safety assessment of Ni and suggestions for risk management of potentially toxic Ni of seafood consumption in Malaysia.

Simple and reliable determination of total arsenic and its species in seafood by ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS

Quantitative, rapid, selective and sensitive methods for the determination of total arsenic (tAs) and six arsenic compounds (arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), arsenobetaine (AsB), arsenocholine (AsC), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsonic acid (DMA)) in seafood were developed. The measurement of the tAs concentration was performed using quadrupole inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Microwave-assisted extraction was used for the isolation of arsenic species. The separation and quantification of analysed compounds were performed by ion-exchange chromatography coupled with ICP-MS in one chromatographic run using ammonium carbonate-based buffers, which has little effect on ICP-MS sensitivity compared to commonly used phosphate buffers. The results of validation and proficiency tests confirmed the reliability, robustness, and applicability of the developed procedures to various types of matrices. The proposed methods are relatively simple, time- and cost-efficient, therefore could be used to routinely analyse tAs content and arsenic species in different types of seafood at trace and ultra-trace levels.

Opposing trends in fisheries portfolio diversity at harvester and community scales signal opportunities for adaptation

Understanding mechanisms that promote social-ecological resilience can inform future adaptation strategies. Among seafood dependent communities, these can be illuminated by assessing change among fisheries portfolios. Here, in collaboration with a Coast Salish Nation in British Columbia, Canada, we used expert Indigenous knowledge and network analyses to chronicle differences in fisheries portfolios pre and post a social-ecological regime shift. We then evaluated key drivers of change using semi-structured interviews. We found that while portfolios decreased in diversity of seafood types harvested and consumed among individuals overtime, portfolios increased in their diversification at the community level because more similar seafoods within less diverse individual portfolios were more commonly harvested and consumed by the Nation as a whole. Thus, diversity can operate simultaneously in opposing directions at different scales of organization. Experts identified four key mechanisms driving these changes, including commercial activities controlled by a centralized governance regime, intergenerational knowledge loss, adaptive learning to new ecological and economic opportunities, and the trading of seafood with other Indigenous communities. Unexpectedly, increased predation by marine mammals was also flagged as a key driver of change. Adaptation strategies that support access to and governance of diverse fisheries, exchange of seafoods among communities, and knowledge transfer among generations would promote social-ecological resilience, food security, and community well-being.

Iodine Content of Wild and Farmed Seafood and Its Estimated Contribution to UK Dietary Iodine Intake.

Iodine is an important nutrient for human health and development, with seafood widely acknowledged as a rich source. Demand from the increasing global population has resulted in the availability of a wider range of wild and farmed seafood. Increased aquaculture production, however, has resulted in changes to feed ingredients that affect the nutritional quality of the final product. The present study assessed the iodine contents of wild and farmed seafood available to UK consumers and evaluated its contribution to current dietary iodine intake. Ninety-five seafood types, encompassing marine and freshwater fish and shellfish, of wild and farmed origins, were purchased from UK retailers and analysed. Iodine contents ranged from 427.4 ± 316.1 to 3.0 ± 1.6 µg·100 g−1 flesh wet weight (mean ± SD) in haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio), respectively, being in the order shellfish > marine fish > freshwater fish, with crustaceans, whitefish (Gadiformes) and bivalves contributing the greatest levels. Overall, wild fish tended to exhibit higher iodine concentrations than farmed fish, with the exception of non-fed aquaculture species (bivalves). However, no significant differences were observed between wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and turbot (Psetta maxima). In contrast, farmed European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and seabream (Sparus aurata) presented lower, and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) higher, iodine levels than their wild counterparts, most likely due to the type and inclusion level of feed ingredients used. By following UK dietary guidelines for fish consumption, a portion of the highest oily (Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus) and lean (haddock) fish species would provide two-thirds of the weekly recommended iodine intake (980 µg). In contrast, actual iodine intake from seafood consumption is estimated at only 9.4–18.0% of the UK reference nutrient intake (140 µg·day−1) across different age groups and genders, with females obtaining less than their male equivalents.

Bacterial diversity and potential risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination of seafood products sold in retail markets in Bangkok, Thailand.

Consumption of contaminated food causes 600 million cases, including 420,000 of fatal infections every year. Estimated cost from food-borne illnesses is USD 110 billion per year, which is an economic burden to low- and middle-income countries. Thailand is a leading producer and consumer of seafood, but little is known about bacterial contamination in seafood. In particular, public health agencies need to know the relationship between Salmonella contamination in seafood and risk factors, as assessed with readily available culture-dependent and bacterial phenotyping methods. To address this, levels of indicator bacteria, Salmonella and Vibrio in various seafood products were determined to identify risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination. A total of 335 samples were collected from October 2018 to July 2019 at seafood markets throughout Bangkok, Thailand; overall sample composition was Pacific white shrimp (n = 85), oysters (n = 82), blood cockles (n = 84), and Asian seabass (n = 84). Prevalence was 100% for fecal coliforms and 85% for E. coli. In contrast, prevalence was 59% for V. parahaemolyticus, 49% for V. cholerae, 19% for V. alginolyticus, 18% for V. vulnificus, and 36% for Salmonella. Highest concentrations of fecal coliforms and E. coli were in oysters. Highest concentrations of Salmonella with Matopeni (31%) being the predominant serotype were in shrimp. Salmonella contamination was significantly associated with type of seafood, sampling location, retail conditions, and the presence of E. coli, V. alginolyticus and V. vulnificus. A cutoff value for E. coli concentration of 1.3 × 104 MPN/g predicted contamination of Salmonella, with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 61%. Displaying seafood products on ice, presence of E. coli and Vibrio, and seafood derived from Eastern Thailand were associated with an increased risk of Salmonella contamination.

Multi-analyte gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to monitor bisphenols, musk fragrances, ultraviolet filters, and pesticide residues in seafood

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the analysis of thirty-six anthropogenic contaminants in the edible portion of four distinct seafood items is reported. Considering the heterogeneous composition of algae, mussels, and lean/fatty fish muscles, a generic sample preparation based on the QuEChERS procedure combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with in situ acetylation was successfully applied for quantification of pesticide residues, bisphenols, musk fragrances and UV-filters. Matrix effects were influenced by the type of seafood, with the lowest effects being observed with EMR-lipid and graphitized carbon black sorbents in dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup step. Method performance features were successful evaluated in the different seafood samples – algae, mussel, lean and fatty fish muscles, following the criteria established by SANTE/12682/2019 for analytical methods for pesticide residues analysis. The detection and quantification of bisphenol F, musk fragrances (galaxolide and tonalide), UV-filters (2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, and isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate), and residues of permethrin in commercial samples of algae, mussel and fish collected in a Portuguese estuary support the suitability of the proposed method for future seafood monitoring by food safety authorities.

Occurrence of Marine Ingredients in Fragrance: Update on the State of Knowledge

The fragrance field of perfumes has attracted considerable scientific, industrial, cultural, and civilizational interest. The marine odor is characterized by the specific smell of sea breeze, seashore, algae, and oyster, among others. Marine odor is a more recent fragrance and is considered as one of the green and modern fragrances. The smells reproducing the marine environment are described due to their content of Calone 1951 (7-methyl-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-3(4H)-one), which is a synthetic compound. In addition to the synthetic group of benzodioxepanes, such as Calone 51 and its derivatives, three other groups of chemical compounds seem to represent the marine smell. The first group includes the polyunsaturated cyclic ((+)-Dictyopterene A) and acyclic (giffordene) hydrocarbons, acting as pheromones. The second group corresponds to polyunsaturated aldehydes, such as the (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, which are most likely derived from the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The third group is represented by small molecules such as sulfur compounds and halogenated phenols which are regarded as the main flavor compounds of many types of seafood. This review exposes, most notably, the knowledge state on the occurrence of marine ingredients in fragrance. We also provide a detailed discussion on several aspects of essential oils, which are the most natural ingredients from various marine sources used in fragrance and cosmetics, including synthetic and natural marine ingredients.

The Potential of the Use of the Flavonoid Fisetin in the Treatment of Coronavirus by Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus called COVID-19 was identified as an unknown cause of pneumonia in Wuhan, China. The pandemic virus was transmitted to humans from a type of seafood that could spread significantly among humans in a short time. Clinical signs of coronaviruses include fever, severe sweating, cough, pneumonia, and a weakened immune system, with acute cases leading to death. One of the most important coronavirus receptors in the host cell is the angiotensin 2 converting enzyme. It is noteworthy that the patient’s recovery process increases during the inhibition of angiotensin 2 converter enzyme. Therefore, the administration of drugs that inhibit this enzyme can be effective in recovering a patient with coronavirus. Flavonoids are one the inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which is abundant in fruits and vegetables. Fistula, a type of flavonoid known in nature as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of many, can be effective in the treatment of coronavirus by inhibiting the enzyme converter angiotensin 2.

국내 소비 수산자원 및 가공품 중의 비타민 A 및 E vitamers 분석 및 검증

Simple simultaneous alkaline extraction (saponification) coupled with HPLC was validated and applied for the analysis of ten vitamers of A (retinol and β-carotene) and E (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (T) and corresponding tocotrienols (T3)) in seafood. Limits of detection for retinol, β-carotene and α-T were 0.380 μg/100 g, 0.602 μg/100 g and 0.0002 mg/100 g, respectively. Analysis precision was excellent for all vitamers (RSD: repeatability <2.4%, reproducibility <4.5%). Recoveries of vitamers ranged from 92% to 110%, showing good accuracy. Total vitamin A and E activities varied among seafood types, with ranges of 0.00-311.77 μg retinol activity equivalent/100 g and 0.01-0.62 mg α-tocopherol equivalent/100 g, respectively. β-Carotene was found in some seafoods such as shellfish (ark shell, blue mussel and spiny top shell) and crustacean (gazami crab) samples as well as marine algae due to the presence of intestinal organ containing algae in edible parts. The highest β-carotene content (689.84±29.86 μg/100 g) was observed in seasoned oyster whereas the retinol content was highest in blackthroat seaperch (311.77±7.99 μg/100 g). α-T was found in all samples and ranged from 0.07 to 4.72 mg/100 g. This study provides reliable vitamin A and E profiles for domestic seafood in Korea.

Consumer seafood preferences related to alternative food networks and their value chains

Alternative food networks (AFNs) for seafood employ different approaches along their diverse value chains, yet typically share five common attributes – supporting small-scale and place-based fishing operations through the provision of traceable, sustainable, and high-quality seafood products to customers. While a range of benefits from AFNs have been described, the potential for broad impacts of seafood AFNs remains largely unknown due to a range of constraints, including a lack of understanding of consumer preferences related to different seafood attributes, including those central to AFNs. This paper utilizes an online survey of consumers in Canada (n = 2006) to assess the potential demand for products supplied through seafood AFNs. Results indicate both barriers and opportunities for growing seafood AFNs. While respondents’ top three consumed seafood species (salmon, tuna, and shrimp) aligned with North American consumption patterns, a willingness to substitute between species was also indicated, which could present market opportunities for seafood AFNs offering a variety of product options based on local seasonality and abundance. Respondents prioritized product quality attributes situated at the consumption end of the value chain (e.g., taste, appearance, freshness, affordability, health benefits, and seafood type) over harvesting-related features (e.g., sustainability, production method, and fair compensation to harvesters). In addition, despite some degree of willingness to pay (WTP) – especially for high quality seafood – respondents were not willing to pay large price premiums for other features emphasized by seafood AFNs. Finally, different consumer segments interact differently with seafood AFNs’ five key features – for example, higher WTP was evidenced amongst younger consumers. Overall, the paper suggests that seafood AFNs should consider emphasizing their high-quality product offerings, pricing their products competitively, and targeting specific consumer segments when looking to expand into new markets.

O38 How Seafood Says “Sustainable”: A Content Analysis of Retail Package Labels

<h3>Background</h3> When harvested or raised within sustainable systems, products of domestic fisheries and aquaculture offer healthy, affordable seafood choices with minimal environmental impact that can help Americans meet dietary guidelines for seafood intake. However, some consumers hesitate to purchase seafood products, associating them with negative environmental impact, and adherence to intake recommendations remains low. Consistent sustainability labeling on seafood products could better signal environmental responsibility and encourage consumers toward increased intake. <h3>Objective</h3> To characterize label attributes indicative of sustainability on seafood packages. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> A content analysis of seafood package labels was conducted using the Label Insight product database. Characterized attributes included 320 terms and certifications documented on packages. From over 400,000 food products, 2,200 seafood packages were selected for inclusion based on type: salmon (n = 730), shrimp (n = 1,387), and oysters (n = 83). Mixed dishes were excluded. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Four trained coders characterized label attributes according to a priori themes, including sustainability. Total usage frequencies of sustainability-related labels, and frequencies of specific terms and certifications, were determined for each seafood type. Pearson chi-square analyses were conducted to evaluate statistical associations between seafood type and sustainability labeling practices. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-eight attributes (11.9%) were coded as sustainability labels. Overall, more salmon (47.9%) and shrimp (47.6%) packages displayed sustainability labels than did oysters (26.5%), (χ² (2, N = 2,200) = 14.443, <i>P</i> = 0.001). Specific terms used varied by seafood type. Salmon (41.6%) and oyster (26.5%) packages displaying sustainability labels most frequently utilized unstandardized "environmental" terms, whereas shrimp packages (36%) most often displayed a third-party sustainability certification label. Lesser-used terms included planet friendly, responsibly produced, and responsibly caught. <h3>Conclusion</h3> While encouraging that nearly half the evaluated salmon and shrimp packages reference sustainability, use of terminology and certifications across and within seafood types is inconsistent. Future studies might investigate whether more frequent use of standardized sustainability labels measurably increases seafood purchase and consumption.

Pathogenicity and seasonal variation of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from seafood and ready-to-eat sushi in South Korea

Aeromonas hydrophila is an emerging foodborne pathogen capable of causing human gastroenteritis, and the main reservoir is the aquatic environment. In this study, the prevalence and virulence of A. hydrophila in seafoods and ready-to-eat (RTE) sushi distributed in various conditions (refrigerated, dried, or frozen) or seasons was investigated. Strains were isolated from seafood (refrigerated or frozen oysters, sashimi, and processed fish; n = 333) and RTE sushi (n = 88) samples collected in South Korea and then genetically analyzed for gastroenteritis-related virulence genes (aer, ast, and alt). Raw oysters showed the highest prevalence of A. hydrophila (57.1%; 47/91) among all seafoods. Among the sashimi samples, flatfish sashimi (54.8%; 34/62) and salmon sushi (51.4%; 18/35) were the most prevalent. A. hydrophila was not detected in the oysters or anchovies distributed as either frozen or dried products. Seasonal investigations of sashimi and sushi showed that the summer prevalence of A. hydrophila with putative virulence genes was significantly lower in sashimi but highest in sushi. These results indicated that sushi could have been contaminated from several sources during the manufacturing or distribution processes. Significant correlations among the prevalence of putative virulence genes were confirmed, although no combination of genes presented a Phi correlation coefficient above 0.5 (0.26–0.43). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the prevalence of A. hydrophila in various types of retail seafoods and RTE sushi in the East Asia region and then relate the prevalence to the distribution conditions of the samples. This study provides background information on the level of potential risk posed by A. hydrophila in retail seafoods and RTE sushi.

Mexican Small‐Scale Fisheries Reveal New Insights into Low‐Carbon Seafood and “Climate‐Friendly” Fisheries Management

As a society, we are confronted with the question of how best to feed an expanding human population, and some have pointed to seafood as a “climate‐friendly” option. To date, the contributions of small‐scale fisheries (SSFs) have been largely excluded from studies on food footprint. Here, we calculated the Emission Intensity profiles for seven seafood types generated by Mexican SSFs. Based on these results—which indicate that there exist several low‐carbon SSFs in Northwestern Mexico—we provide a coarse approximation for the total carbon footprint of Mexico’s motorized small‐scale fleet. Finally, we scrutinize the utility of non‐fuel data (such as GPS data) in predicting fuel consumption/carbon emissions across SSFs. To our knowledge, this is the first life‐cycle assessment to compare multiple seafood products generated by Mexican SSFs, and the first published link between tracking data and carbon accounting for SSFs specifically. We discuss how these results, in combination with insights gained from monitoring efforts in Northwestern Mexico, might be used to inform and incentivize “climate‐friendly” fisheries management. While carbon footprint represents just one component of sustainability, this article serves as a helpful case study for those preoccupied with carbon accounting and fishers sustainability in traditionally data‐limited scenarios.

Maternal seafood intake during pregnancy, prenatal mercury exposure and child body mass index trajectories up to 8 years.

BackgroundMaternal seafood intake during pregnancy and prenatal mercury exposure may influence children’s growth trajectories.MethodsThis study, based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), includes 51 952 mother-child pairs recruited in pregnancy during 2002–08 and a subsample (n = 2277) with maternal mercury concentrations in whole blood. Individual growth trajectories were computed by modelling based on child’s reported weight and length/height from 1 month to 8 years. We used linear mixed-effects regression analysis and also conducted discordant-sibling analysis.ResultsMaternal lean fish was the main contributor to total seafood intake in pregnancy and was positively but weakly associated with child body mass index (BMI) growth trajectory. Higher prenatal mercury exposure (top decile) was associated with a reduction in child’s weight growth trajectory, with the estimates ranging from -130 g [95% Confidence Intervals (CI) = -247, -12 g] at 18 months to -608 g (95% CI = -1.102, -113 g) at 8 years. Maternal fatty fish consumption was positively associated with child weight and BMI growth trajectory, but only in the higher mercury-exposed children (P-interaction = 0.045). Other seafood consumption during pregnancy was negatively associated with child weight growth compared with no intake, and this association was stronger for higher mercury-exposed children (P-interaction = 0.004). No association was observed between discordant maternal seafood intake and child growth in the sibling analysis.ConclusionsWithin a population with moderate seafood consumption and low mercury exposure, we found that maternal seafood consumption in pregnancy was associated with child growth trajectories, and the direction of the association varied by seafood type and level of prenatal mercury exposure. Prenatal mercury exposure was negatively associated with child growth. Our findings on maternal seafood intake are likely non-causal.

Seafood consumption patterns and affecting factors in urban China: A field survey from six cities

Chinese seafood market has grown rapidly. China is a country covering a vast territory with diversified natural resources, the lifestyle and diet of residents in different regions are varied. This paper identifies differences in seafood consumption patterns across urban China, reasons behind consumer behaviors. Through face-to-face interviews, the authors used a multistage stratified cluster sampling procedure to survey 1201 households from six provinces or municipalities in China: Beijing, Shanghai, Xian, Nanchang, Shenyang, and Yinchuan. Ordered probit model and two-limit tobit model were estimated to investigate the determinants of household seafood consumption frequency and seafood expenditure share. The findings are that choices of seafood types are associated with regional economies. Considerable population in northeastern and western China consumes more fish than the population of the other regions. People living in economically developed regions, such as Beijing and Shanghai, consume more shrimp. Education and income also affect household seafood consumption frequency and expenditure share in total food cost. Geographic locations have strong influence on seafood consumption. Seafood is of great importance to coastal and lakeside areas, but it is less appealing to northeastern and western residents. People living in Shanghai and Nanchang eat seafood more frequently, have higher seafood expenditure share than people living in Xian; Health motive is a significant predictor of seafood consumption. Health-oriented people eat seafood more frequently than they eat terrestrial animals (such as bovine, ovine, pig, and poultry). These findings are useful for global seafood producers, marketers, and policy makers to improve their product perception, marketing strategies and promotion policies.

Microplastics in different tissues of wild crabs at three important fishing grounds in China

Crabs are an indispensable component of the benthic ecosystem and represent a type of seafood that is easily obtained and frequently eaten by humans. However, little is known about microplastic (MP) accumulation in different tissues of crabs in important fishing areas. In this study, the abundances and characteristics of MPs in different tissues of four species of wild crabs (Portunus trituberculatus, Charybdis japonica, Dorippe japonica, and Matuta planipes) were investigated across 9 sites at three important fishing grounds (Haizhou Bay, Lvsi and Yangtze River Estuary fishing grounds) in China. Crabs from all sites were found to contain MPs, with a total detection rate of 89.34%. The MP abundance in crabs from all sites ranged from 2.00 ± 2.00 to 9.81 ± 8.08 items/individual and 0.80 ± 1.09 to 22.71 ± 24.56 items/g wet weight. The abundance of MPs exponentially increased with decreasing MP size. The MPs were dominated by fibers in terms of shape, black-gray and blue-green in terms of color and cellophane in terms of composition. MPs were found in the gills and guts of the crabs, but not in the muscles. The abundance and size of the MPs in the guts were significantly higher than those in the gills, but there was no significant difference in color or shape. In addition, crab eating patterns have a significant impact on the abundance of MPs in different species. The abundance of MPs in the saprophytic crabs was significantly higher than that in the predatory crabs. MP contamination in crabs is worthy of attention for human health and the stability of marine ecosystems.

An occurrence of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning by consumption of gastropods contaminated with brevetoxins

Brevetoxins were confirmed in urine specimens from patients diagnosed with neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) after consumption of gastropods that were recreationally harvested from an area previously affected by a Karenia brevis bloom. Several species of gastropods (Triplofusus giganteus, Sinistrofulgur sinistrum, Cinctura hunteria, Strombus alatus, Fulguropsis spirata) and one clam (Macrocallista nimbosa) from the NSP implicated gastropod collection area (Jewfish Key, Sarasota Bay, Florida) were examined for brevetoxins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All gastropods and the clam were contaminated with brevetoxins. Composite B-type toxin concentrations in gastropods ranged from 1.1 to 198 μg BTX-3 equiv./g by ELISA, levels likely capable of causing NSP in consumers. Several brevetoxin metabolites previously characterized in molluscan shellfish were identified in these gastropods. Brevetoxin analog profiles by ELISA were similar in the gastropod species examined. This work documents the occurrence of NSP through consumption of a type of seafood not typically monitored in Florida to protect human health, demonstrating the need to better assess and communicate the risk of NSP to gastropod harvesters in Karenia brevis endemic areas.

Quantitative determination of phosphorus in seafood using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with machine learning

Quantitative determination of phosphates or total phosphorus in seafood is of great importance for the fraud detection as well as food security issues. In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied as a rapid method for phosphorus determination in three types of seafood including codfish, scallop and shrimp. Both univariate and multivariate regression models were established with special attentions on the correction of matrix effect to improve the analytical performances of LIBS. The obtained results showed that compared with the traditional univariate model and the linear PLS model, the non-linear SVM model could provide the best figures-of-merit with R2 of 0.9904, RMSEC, RMSEP and ARE of 1.68 g/kg, 1.42 g/kg and 3.70%, respectively. The average RSD of prediction of SVM is 5.18%, which is much lower than the value of PLS (9.40%) and is comparable to the value of univariate model (4.11%). This indicates that SVM may be more suitable to address the non-linear behaviors in LIBS spectra caused by the matrix effect, and therefore leads to a more robust calibration model. The present results demonstrated the capacity of LIBS combined with machine learning in phosphorus determination of seafood products, which could be potentially used for on-site phosphates detection within the food supply chains.

A universal method for the speciation analysis of arsenic in various seafood based on microwave-assisted extraction and ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The speciation analysis of arsenic in seafood is of great significance for objectively and scientifically assessing arsenic health risks in seafood. In general, different types of seafood contain a variety of different arsenic species and have quite different matrix. Thus, the detection of arsenic species in different types of seafood required different extracting and analytical methods. In this study, a universal microwave-assisted extraction was developed to extract each arsenic species including As(V), As(III), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), arsenobetaine (AsB), arsenosugars and so on in various seafood with a extraction efficiency > 95% and without altering their original species, and a universal cation exchange IC-ICP-MS (ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) method was developed for the detection of arsenic species in various seafood (seaweed, fish, shellfish and shrimp) with a method detection limit of 8.0 ng As/g dried seafood–12.0 ng As/g dried seafood. Especially, the extract of seafood obtained with our microwave-assisted extraction can be directly used for the following IC-ICP-MS detection without any additional pretreatment. By using the extraction method and IC-ICP-MS method, we have successfully detected each arsenic species including As(V), As(III), MMA, DMA, AsB, arsenosugars and so on in seaweed, fish, shellfish and shrimp samples with a recovery of 92%–104% and a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) < 5%. The developed microwave-assisted extraction method and IC-ICP-MS detection method is simple, has broad applicability, high efficiency, excellent accuracy and strong resistibility to the complicated matrix, which promising a reliable approach for objectively and scientifically assessing arsenic health risks in various seafood to ensure the consumption safety of seafood.

Heavy metal contamination in processed seafood and the associated health risk for Malaysian women

PurposeMalaysians are the highest seafood consumers in the region; be it fresh or processed. Environmental pollution has put the safety of seafood at stake, heavy metals among others. This study was done to assess the health risk associated with selected heavy metals ingestion from processed seafood.Design/methodology/approachThe most preferred processed seafood type and the intake rates were determined from a cross-sectional survey among communities in Shah Alam, Selangor (n = 90). The processed seafood were then purchased from local traders (n = 81), underwent homogenization, acid digestion (0.5 g) in Multiwave 3,000 and heavy metal quantitation (Hg, Pb, Cd, As) using ICP-MS. Estimated weekly ingestion (EWI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), lifetime cancer risk (LCR), and target risk (TR) were used to estimate the risk associated with processed seafood consumption.FindingsArsenic was the highest metal detected, acetes topping the list (10.05 ± 0.02 mg/kg). Mercury was detected at significantly higher level in salted fourfinger threadfin (0.88 ± 0.09 mg/kg) while Pb and Cd in toli shad (2.67 ± 0.16 mg/kg; 0.32 ± 0.22 mg/kg). Non-cancer risk was estimated for consumption of dried/salted food types with hazard index (HI) anchoives (5.2) > salted fourfinger threadfin (1.8) > toli shad (1.7). Besides, an unacceptable cancer risk was estimated for all food types for continuous consumption (Total risk (TR) > 10–4), except the dried acetes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study implies that although the concentration of most heavy metals were well below the permitted value, significant amount of risk present for consumption of several species. In addition, for selected heavy metals such as Hg and As, speciation analysis followed by risk assessment would provide a clearer picture.Practical implicationsThere is a need to refer back to the local permissible level of heavy metals in processed seafood and formulate safe consumption guide.Social implicationsThe food types are advised to be consumed with caution especially by the sensitive group.Originality/valueThis study estimated the risk of cancer and other non-cancer disease from processed seafood consumption among Malaysian women.