Abstract
Simple SummaryExposure to highly nickel (Ni)-polluted environments through oral ingestion of seafood may induce a variety of pathological and toxicological impacts, which is our main public concern. The present biomonitoring study concluded that the Ni levels of the three seafood types were found to have posed no Ni’s non-carcinogenic risk of seafood ingestion. In addition, both the average and high-level consumptions of seafood would not pose adverse effects of Ni to the consumers. This study provided a scientific basis for the food safety assessment of Ni and suggestions for risk management of potentially toxic Ni of seafood consumption in Malaysia.Human exposure to highly nickel (Ni)-polluted environments through oral ingestion pathways may cause various pathological effects. This biomonitoring study aimed to assess the human health risk of potentially toxic Ni in 19 species of marine fishes from Setiu (Terengganu) and two popular seafood molluscs (mangrove snail Cerithidea obtusa and cockle Anadara granosa) from the coastal area of Peninsular Malaysia. The Ni levels of the three seafood types were found below the maximum permissible limit for Ni. The Ni target hazard quotient values of all seafood were lower than 1.00 for average and high-level (AHL) Malaysian consumers, indicating no Ni’s non-carcinogenic risk of seafood consumption. It was also found that the calculated values of estimated weekly intake were below than established provisional tolerable weekly intake of Ni for both AHL consumers. It can be concluded that both the AHL consumption of seafood would not pose adverse effects of Ni to the consumers. This study provided a scientific basis for the food safety assessment of Ni and suggestions for risk management of potentially toxic Ni of seafood consumption in Malaysia.
Highlights
IntroductionThe 28th element in the periodic table, nickel (Ni), is a transition metal found widely in the environment, including air, water, and soil
Nineteen species of commercial marine fishes were collected from two fishing loading sites: Kampong Fikri (5◦39 19 N, 102◦44 16 E) and Kampung Rhu Sepuluh (5◦35 36 N, 102◦49 42 E) in Setiu (Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia) (Table S1; Figure 1a)
The HHR of Ni indicated that target hazard quotient (THQ) for all three seafood is below 1, which means that there was no non-carcinogenic risk of Ni for average and high-level consumers
Summary
The 28th element in the periodic table, nickel (Ni), is a transition metal found widely in the environment, including air, water, and soil. The 28th element, nickel (Ni), is a transition metal found widely in the environment, including air, water, and soil. It can exist in a variety of oxidation levels (ranging from −1 to +4), the +2 oxidation state (Ni2+) is the most common in the environment and biological systems [1–3]. Even though there is no proof that Ni has a physiological purpose or nutritional benefit in humans [4], it has been recognized as a vital and significant element in several microbes, plants, and animal species [5–8] Both Ni and Ni compounds are widely utilized in stainless steel, alloys, rubber and plastic industries, Ni-cadmium battery industries, and electroplating industries [3,9–11]. All the above information clearly shows the importance and significance of Ni from environmental to human health
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