The article is devoted to the generalization of literary data on the medicinal properties of plants of aquatic flora of the territory of the Poltava city and its surroundings, studied in the course of original research. From the compiled floristic list, a spectrum of medicinal plants was selected, their degree of introduction into medical practice, belonging to protected lists, frequency of occurrence in the study area was analyzed. It was established that 45 (78%) of the 58 species of vascular plants have medicinal properties, including 4 species are officinal, 18 species are folk medicine plants, 23 species are promising for use in pharmacy. For each species, an annotation of its medicinal properties is compiled, which indicates the type of medicinal raw materials and medicinal forms, chemical composition, directions and mechanisms of physiological action on the human body, indications for the use of medicinal preparations.
 It was found that, despite the high participation of medicinal plants in the aquatic flora of the Poltava city and its surroundings, their harvesting in the research area is not appropriate for various reasons: official species (Acorus calamus, Iris pseudacorus, Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba) – because of their limited distribution, belonging to various protection lists, and as for mass anthropotolerant species, promising for use in pharmacy (in particular, Ceratophyllum demersum, Lemna minor, Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, T. latifolia), their use is limited due to the ability to accumulate harmful substances from polluted ecotopes in urban territory.
 The compromise solutions for harvesting valuable species of medicinal plants that have a limited distribution in nature or grow in polluted ecotopes can be introduction (artificial cultivation of plants ex situ) and biotechnology (cultivation of cells, tissues and organs isolated from the plant on artificial nutrient media in vitro, which allow obtaining a specific target product).