Types Of Politeness Strategies Research Articles

The Analysis of Politeness Strategies in Buginese Bone Language

This study was aimed to investigate the kind politeness strategies used by Buginese Bone in several situations. The source of data was verbal utterances by Buginese Bone. This study used pragmatic study especially theory of politeness by Brown and Levinson. It also used the qualitative descriptive method. The writer used observation by recording and note-taking providing the technique of collecting data. The result of the study showed that the types of politeness strategies used in Buginese Bone are; Negative Politeness, Off-record which found in the interaction between strangers, local inhabitants, family members, superior and subordinate. While, positive politeness is appeared in the interaction between friends. The implication of this research was intended for making good interaction when interacting to other people. The writers also suggest that for further research to investigate the same field in terms of semantics.

Politeness Strategies Used by Anies Baswedan in the Interview on Humanities in Southeast Asia

This study applied a qualitative descriptive approach that establishes the requirement that a study must be carried out on the basis of existing facts. This study aims to examine the politeness strategies used by Anies Baswedan in the interview on humanities in Southeast Asia. The source of data of this study was obtained from youtube. This research data is in the form of phrases and clauses which contained politeness strategies. The collected data is assessed using Brown and Levinson's Politeness Strategies theory to find out the types of politeness strategy and its sub-strategies. This study applies a pragmatic study. After analyzing the data, the researchers concluded that there are three types of politeness strategies found in the Interview on Humanities in Southeast Asia. These three types of politeness strategies are: Bald on record, positive politeness, and negative politeness

Hong Kong EFL Learners Politeness Strategy Use in Production and Perception of Requests and Refusals

Requests and refusals are well-acknowledged as challenging speech acts even when realized in native interactions owing to their intrinsic nature of being facethreatening. It is therefore conceivable that producing such social responses would be an arduous task for foreign language learners. Against this background, the present study set out with an aim to examine the politeness in the production of and perception of requests and refusals by six secondary-level EFL learners in Hong Kong under different degrees of social distance and social status, with prospective English teachers and native speakers as the control group. A discourse-completion task and a survey served as the instruments to elicit quantitative data. Results were analyzed with reference to Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, which proposes four types of politeness strategies, namely bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off-record strategy. Findings suggested that intermediate learners had an overuse of direct strategy to threaten both positive and negative face of interlocutors, while advanced learners were reported to be too conventionally indirect in general. Plausible explanation was the insufficient coverage of certain topics at schools. The paper hence demands educational adjustment in relevant aspects to improve learners’ pragmatic performance.

POLITENESS STRATEGIES ANALYSIS REFLECTED IN LITTLE WOMEN MOVIE BY GRETA GERWIG

This research mostly discusses the politeness strategies that is shown in Little Women movie. Politeness is a social behaviour to a speaker towards deferent wishes of the addressee in different concerns. The purpose of this study is to find the politeness strategies and the most-frequent strategy that is used in Little Women movie. Based on Brown and Levinson (1978), there are four types of politeness strategies. Those are bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record. Descriptive qualitative method was selected to analysed the data. The theory that are applied in this study are Brown and Levinson’s theory (1978), which concerns about the politeness strategies. The result of this term paper was shown that all of the characters use all the politeness strategies from Brown and Levinson and the most frequent strategy that is used by the characters is positive politeness. The researchers hope that this research will help the readers to get a better understanding about politeness strategies based on Brown and Levinson.

Politeness in Thesis Consultation by WhatsApp: Do Lecturers and Students Apply Different Strategies?

The study of politeness in education setting interaction has increased in last decades. However, the investigation of politeness strategies in lecturer-student interaction using WhatsApp is relatively unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to explore politeness strategies used by a lecturer and students in virtual communication using WhatsApp during thesis consultation. The researcher applied a mixed method: qualitative and quantitative research to discover the politeness phenomena in WhatsApp interaction. The participants of the study were 10 undergraduate students of English Department, University of HKBP Nommensen, and a lecturer as their thesis consultant. The data of the study consist of 50 screenshots of WhatsApp chats thesis consultation. The results show that all four types of politeness strategies were found in lecture-students interaction. The politeness strategies used by the lecturer and students differ greatly. The lecturer dominantly employed bald on-record (30. 93%) with the most imperative sentences realization; on the other hand, the students tend to use positive politeness strategy (23.20%) with the most greetings realization. This demonstrates that lecturers keep their distance when communicating, whereas students attempt to “get closer” during the interaction. The different politeness strategy choices are caused by the different power and social status (position) factors between lecturers and students. The findings of this study also show that the politeness strategies chosen by lecturers and students are not always consistent with previous similar studies.

An Analysis Of Politeness Strategies In Directive Speech Act Used By Main Characters In Green Book Movie

This research aims at examining the types of directive speech act in the Green Book movie, and politeness strategies employed by the main characters. The purpose of this research is to find out the type of directive speech act used by main characters and what the types of politeness strategies used in directive speech acts as function in Green Book movie. The data were directive utterance that uttered by Tony Vallelonga and Dr. Donald Shirley and the source of the main data in this study was Green Book movie and its script. This research belonged to a descriptive-qualitative method. The results of the study show that there were five kinds of directive speech act and four types of politeness strategies. The amount totals of data are 163. In directive speech act, there are 39 data of commanding, 36 data of requesting, 56 data of questioning, 24 data of suggesting, and 8 data of forbidding. While in politeness strategies, they applied bald-on record 77 data, positive politeness 71 data, negative politeness 13 data and bald-off record 2 data. Directive speech act in the form questioning is commonly used by main character and bald on record is the mostly used in politeness strategy which is a strategy where the utterances are uttered clearly and concisely.

SPEECH ACT AND POLITENESS TRATEGY USED BY PRE-SERVICE TEACHER IN ONLINE LEARNING IN SMA LAB UNDISKSHA

Language is an essential tool that we use in our daily life. In general, language is used as a tool to convey information. In using language, speakers must pay attention to the language used. Language users should do this to avoid or minimize errors in conveying information to listeners. This study aims to determine what types of speech acts and politeness strategies are used by pre-service teachers when teaching online classes. This research is expected to provide an overview of how speech acts and politeness strategies can affect educational activities. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This research was conducted using two steps. The researcher's first step is to observe how preservice teachers use speech act and politeness strategies in online classes. Then the researcher will conduct interviews with research subjects or pre-service teachers to verify the data that has been observed. In conducting this research, the researcher used two theories as to the research foundation. The first theory is Searle's theory of speech act types and Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness strategies. The study found that if pre-service teachers use five types of speech acts, they are representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and directive. This study also found that pre-service teachers used more directive speech acts in teaching online classes than other types of speech acts. In addition to the use of speech acts, this study also found that pre-service teachers also use four politeness strategies in teaching online classes. The four types of politeness strategies are bald-onrecord, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record.

Politeness strategies and the effort to build the pragmatic competence through Cinderella

<p>This research is conducted to analyze the politeness strategy used by characters in Cinderella movie to strengthen pragmatic competence. The objective of this research is to identify, (1) types of speech act used by characters of Cinderella movie in conveying politeness strategies (2) types of politeness strategies that are depicted by characters in Cinderella movie, and (3) to describe the relation of politeness strategy and pragmatic competence. The study is designed as descriptive qualitative research. The object of the study is a movie entitled Cinderella. Documentation and observation are the techniques to collect the data. This research is analyzed by using Spreadley Theory which includes four stages of analysis namely domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, componential analysis, and cultural theme analysis. The result of the analysis are (1) there are five types of speech acts used by the main characters of Cinderella movie in conveying politeness strategies. They are assertive, directive, commisive, expressive, and declarative. Directive speech act is becoming the most frequently used by the main characters of this movie in conveying politeness strategies. (2) There are four types of politeness strategy that are depicted by the main characters in Cinderella movie. Those types are bald on – record strategy, positive politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, and finally off – record strategy. The result shows that bald on – record strategy becomes the most frequently used strategy compared to the others. Politeness and pragmatic competence have a very close relationship. The importance of pragmatic competence can be strengthened through the choice of politeness strategies. Film as a mirror of a society is a good medium to analyze the sociocultural background of the utterance so that the purpose of the speaker's meaning can be realized appropriately.</p>

Analysis of Politeness Strategies and the Maxim Violation in a Movie Script of Enola Holmes

The purpose of this research were to find out (1) whether the types of politeness strategies in Enola Holmes movie are in accordance with politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) or not, (2) what type of politeness strategies most frequently appeared in Enola Holmes movie, (3) which character(s) use politeness strategies most frequently than the others, and (4) what type of violating maxims based on Grice’s maxim most frequently appeared in Enola Holmes movie. The design of this research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data of the research were in the form of utterances that contained politeness strategies and cooperation and implicature (Violating of maxim). The result shows that (1) the types of politeness strategies in Enola Holmes movie are in accordance with politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987); (2) Bald on Record is the most frequent politeness strategies appeared in Enola Holmes movie. Bald on Record is mostly used by the characters because there is a power, social status, or close relationship among the characters.; (3) there are three characters who used politeness strategies more frequently, they are Enola Holmes, Sherlock Holmes, and Tewkesbury (4) Violating maxim of relevance is the most frequently appeared in Enola Holmes movie.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ НАВЫКОВ ВЕЖЛИВОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ДЕЛОВОМУ ПИСЬМУ В ВУЗЕ

The necessity to improve business interaction and to develop new approaches to study politeness, as an essential category of communication, has determined the need to develop a methodology to teach business writing for future professionals. Thus, the paper aims to study the linguistic politeness means and further develop a system of exercises for university students to write business letters effectively based on the study of politeness. The study uses the descriptive method to determine the choice of linguistic means to express politeness as well as the method of pedagogical construction to produce an effective methodic system to write business letters in English. The results show that business letters use two types of politeness strategies: the intimacy strategy (aiming at establishing and developing business contacts) and the distance strategy (aiming at preventing conflicts). These strategies use a particular set of speech acts that are represented by specific speech cliché or formulas. Finally, the paper suggests the methodic system including five stages: introducing the concept of politeness and its linguistic means; analyzing the means of politeness in sample business letters; developing lexical skills of politeness; writing business letters based on the samples and schemes; practicing reading and writing business letters imitating the real communicative situations.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Politeness Strategies of Directive Expression Reflected in ‘Inglorious Basterds’ Movie

This research studies about politeness strategies and translation technique in Inglorious Basterds movie and its Indonesian translation. The purposes of the research are to know the kinds of politeness strategies which is used by the main characters in directive utterance and how does the translator translate the politeness strategies of directive act into subtitle. The data of this research are Inglorious Basterds movie and its Indonesian translation. This research is done by descriptive qualitative method, and focus on a single case. The research findings show that there were 4 types of politeness strategies and 12 translation techniques in 168 data. Based on the frequencies, the strategies applied in the data are Bald on Record 86 times (43%), Positive Politeness 57 times (29%), Negative Politeness 33 times (17%), and Off Record 22 times (11%).

POLITENESS STRATEGIES REFLECTED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN “BRIDGE TO TERABITHIA” MOVIE

This research aims to identify politeness strategies reflected by the main character in “Bridge to Terabithia” movie. Qualitative method is used by the researcher to analyze the data. The data are the utterances of the main character that include politeness strategies. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses theory by Brown and Levinson (1987) about politeness strategies. The results of this research show that there are four types of politeness strategies which used by the main character in this movie. The most type that used is bald on record strategy and positive politeness strategy. The factors in using politeness strategies by the main character in this movie are payoffs in each strategy and circumstances (sociological variables). The researcher hopes that this research could give the contribution toward the next researchers. Moreover, some recommendations are given to the next researchers who will do the same research on politeness strategies either in the movie or in other forms. Key Words: Politeness strategies, Bridge to Terabithia

Requesting and Refusing Politeness Expression Teacher’s Instruction in Teaching Learning Process

This research conducted to describe the request and refusal polite expression when teacher instruct students. The writer has chosen English teacher and the object is 1 teacher. The writer joins in the class and records the activities when teachers teach students. The data analyzed by using qualitative method. The types of politeness are based on the Brown and Levinson’s theory about politeness strategy that should people use when they instruct others. There are 24 male students and 30 female students who are follow this research. The research instrument to collect the data is through observation the conversation during learning and teaching process. All the utterances relate to politeness strategy produced by the students and teacher write down and 2 conversations are chose to be analyzed based on politeness strategies The result of this research shows that there are three types of instructional activities; motivating students (1 expression), informing students of objective (1 expression), helping students recall prerequisites (1 expression), presenting information and example (1 expression) and providing practice and feedback (7 expressions). Teacher used four types of them, Bald on Record (4 expressions), Positive Politeness (16 expressions), Negative Politeness (6 expressions), and off- record (2 expressions). There are 3 expressions are polite requests and no impolite refusal. From that result, the writer concludes that teacher often to use Positive Politeness by reasoning that it types of politeness strategy is to make the relationship between teacher and students more intimate during teaching learning process. This research can lead other researcher to conduct research on Politeness strategy. It also can lead the teachers and the students to make a good interaction by applying the politeness strategy in the classroom so that they can maintain a good communication one another

Translation of Politeness Strategies in Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility

The present article is a comparative analysis of negative politeness strategies in Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility and the Hungarian translation in Értelem és érzelem translated by Gerda Barcza. The aim of the article is to examine whether the politeness strategies applied by the characters in the source text remain the same type of politeness strategies in the target text as a result of the translation process. The article also endeavours to establish whether the politeness strategies employed by the characters in the Hungarian translation mirror the same character traits as in the original text. The article presents the parallel analysis of the negative politeness strategies in the source text and the target text used by several characters in the novel. The comparative analysis explores whether there are any changes in the characters’ linguistic behaviour as a result of the translation process. In order to show the differences between the source and the target text, we apply back translation, a translation that is as literal as possible to demonstrate the change of the politeness strategy. When no change is identified, no back translation is applied, only a detailed analysis and explanation is offered. The article presupposes that the politeness strategy in question will show only a slight change, therefore the characters will mirror the same traits as in the original text. The article ultimately aims to prove that the translation of the novel entitled Sense and Sensibility will not alter Jane Austen’s specific way of characterization.

Politeness Strategies in EFL Classroom Context: Avoiding Future Conflict and Maintain the Harmony of Diversity

The research aims to investigate the politeness in language and action by students of Letters Faculty at Methodist University. Seeing the students from different etnic, religion, and culture, should be understanding and well manage to avoid future conflict and maintain the harmony of diversity among them. The research was done in the fifth-semester Cross Cultural Understanding class of Letters Faculty, The Methodist University of Indonesia. The researchers used a qualitative approach by observing the activities of students and recording their utterances during responding to the point of view. The result shows that the students applied the four types of politeness strategies in responding to context of avoiding conflict and maintain the harmony. The types are bald on record strategy, positive strategy, negative strategy and off record strategy. From the four types of politeness strategies, bald on record strategy is dominantly used by students. It is due to the students have a similar position, and it seems that no distance between them. All the communications are between students to students. For a reason, saying something directly and to the point are frequently used. Being polite should be in words and actions. From the research, students are polite in words but not in action. 
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Strategi Kesopanan Berbahasa Yang Digunakan Oleh Penghuni Kos

Everyday, people share idea, intention and interest through language with other people. They do social interaction each other or one another in appropriate speech. To be successful in social interaction, people need to consider such requirements inorder to make good interaction.One of the requirements is politeness in using language in conversation.This research aimed to find out the types of politeness strategy used by people at boarding house. This research was conducted in a boarding house that consist of Bugis people and various age (16 to 25 years old) called BPJS. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative. The data was collected through voice recorder to gain the politeness strategy used by the people in the boarding house in their daily social interaction.The data was analyzed using conversational analysis which is required to the analytic exploration. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded four Kinds of Politenss strategies used by Boarding House BPJS occupants, they are bald on record, positive strategy, negative strategy, and off record. Eevery kind of politeness strategy used has some kinds of sub strategy. They are Necessary, Offer Something, Optimistic, Promises, Pessimistic, Question & Hedge, Ironic Espression and Ambiguous Expression.

Cooperative Principle’s Violation and Politeness Strategies in A Movie

The present study was aimed to find out the type of politeness strategies which was frequently used by the casts in “Mr. Bean” movie and to find out the type of cooperative principle’s maxims which was frequently violated by the casts in “Mr. Bean” movie. This research was a descriptive qualitative method. All data were taken from the utterances of all casts in “Mr. Bean” movie which contained the politeness strategies and the violation of cooperative principle’s maxims. The researcher himself was the instrument of the research. The results show that bald on-record strategy is often used by the casts in “Mr. Bean” movie and the violation of relevance maxim is often used by them in “Mr. Bean” movie. It indicates that the casts of “Mr. Bean” movie tend to use bald on-record strategy and to violate the relevance maxim than other categories.

Politeness Strategies and Social Dimensions in Once Upon A Time Season 1 Movie Series: Sociopragmatics Study

The purposes of this research are to find out the types of politeness strategies used to save the face of the characters in Once Upon A Time season 1 and to identify the dominant scale of social dimensions when using politeness strategies in Once Upon A Time season 1. This research uses qualitative-descriptive analysis method and to get the data needed in this research the writer did the following steps: watching the movies, transcribing the speech, searching the data, classifying the data, analyzing the data and drawing a conclusion related to the types of politeness strategies and the dominant scale of social dimensions. The source of the data used is taken from the serial film Once Upon A Time season 1 by Edward Kitsis dan Adam Horowitz. The results of this research show that there are four types of politeness strategies found in the serial film Once Upon A Time season 1. They are 10 data of bald on-record (28,6%), 8 data of positive politeness strategies (22,9%), 13 data of negative politeness strategies (37,1%) and 4 data of off-record consists (11,4%) and the most dominant scale of four social dimension scales is social distance scale 14 data (40%).

Study of Politeness Strategies and Flouting of Maxim Used in The Dead Poets Society 1989 Movie

The aims of this research were to find out (1) whether the types of politeness strategies in The Dead Poets Society movie are in accordance with politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) or not, (2) what type of politeness strategies most frequently appeared in The Dead Poets Society movie, (3) which character(s) use politeness strategies most frequently than the others, and (4) what type of flouting maxims based on Grice’s maxim most frequently appeared in The Dead Poets Society movie. The design of this research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data of the research were in the form of utterances that contained politeness strategies and cooperation and implicature (flouting of maxim). The result shows that (1) the types of politeness strategies in The Dead Poets Society movie are in accordance with politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987); (2) Bald on Record is the most frequent politeness strategies appeared in The Dead Poets Society movie; (3) there are three characters who used politeness strategies more frequently in requesting something, they are John Keating, Mr.Perry, and Mr.Nolan and (4) Violating maxim of manner is the most frequently appeared in The Dead Poets Society movie. It can be indicated that Bald on Record is mostly used by the characters because there is a power, social status, or close relationship among the characters. Moreover, maxim of manner is mostly flouted by the characters because there is a misunderstanding or conflict avoidance.

Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Strategies on Apologizing Expression of “The Princess Diaries” (2001) The Movie: A Discourse Analysis


 This research was intended to analyze the politeness strategy employed by the characters in expressing apology based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies in the movie The Princess Diaries (2001). Designed as a descriptive-qualitative research, the data was analyzed by using the descriptive method where politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) was applied to see the types of politeness strategies. The data was taken from an American Comedy, Family and Romance movie entitled The Princess Diaries (2001). The result of the analysis showed that there were 15 utterances that can be classified as apologizing expression which were analyzed by using Brown and Levinson (1987) Politeness Strategies. Those 15 utterances were divided into 11 utterances using positive politeness and 4 utterances using negative politeness. Based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies, positive politeness happened in a group of friend and a group of family that have close relationship with the Speaker while negative politeness used to avoid offence of the Hearer by showing respect. Thus, it is concluded that positive politeness was the most politeness strategies applied by all the characters in the movie to express apology, and all the characters who applied positive politeness strategy are female.
 
 Keywords: Politeness Strategies, Apologizing Expression, Discourse Analysis.