Types Of Politeness Strategies Research Articles

Analysis of Politeness Strategy in Pitch Perfect 2 Movie

The politeness strategy is a phenomenon of language that is based on the form and purpose of each of them. Politeness strategies are used to convey communication with meaning and purpose to be conveyed and interpreted properly.This study aimed to identify and analyze the politeness strategy used in the Pitch Perfect 2 Movie script. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach in research. And the movie script of Pitch Perfect 2 movie is used as a data source in this research. The theory in this research used by Brown and Levinson about the types of politeness strategies. The data politeness strategies were found in the movie script which were four main strategies: Positive Politeness, Negative Politeness, Bald on Record, and Off-the Record.

Politeness strategy used by President Barack Obama speech

Politeness strategy is a behavior that shows a friendly attitude in communicating with others, thus creating a good relationship. The purpose of this research is to find out the types of politeness strategies and the most dominant type contained in Obama's speech. The research design in this study is descriptive qualitative research. The data were taken from Barack Obama's speech. The results of data analysis show that there are 124 utterances containing politeness strategies to be analyzed in this study. There are four types of politeness strategies in Barack Obama's speech, namely Bald on record (10%), positive politeness (59%), negative politeness (10%), and off record (21%). The four types found are realized into twenty-five sub-categorizations, namely: Allow something, Greetings and Farewells, Detect the listener’s (Interests, wants, needs, and goods), Exaggerate (Interest, Approval, Sympathy listener), Engage listeners by telling a good story, Ask for approval, Avoid Disputes, Increase and emphasize community equality, The speaker knows and cares about the listener's wishes, Offers and Appointments, Be optimistic, Give or ask for reasons, Assumptions or claims of reciprocity, Be conventionally indirect, Be Pessimistic, Minimize Coercion, Give Respect, Impersonality of Speaker and Listener, Providing Relevant Cue Instructions, Overstate, Use Tautology, Be Ambiguous, Being Vague, Over – Generalize.

COMMUNICATION POLITENESS STRATEGY OF MAHFUDZ M.D IN ANSWERING ABOUT THE LAW ON ‘NARASI’

Communication using the politeness strategy is something that is very attached to everyone. Each person will have a different form of politeness. Researcher use qualitative methods a) transcript of the video content of Mahfud MD in the Narasi show from minute 20 to 50 with a total duration of 30 minutes b) Identifying the type of communication politeness strategy in Mahfud MD's answers in the Narasi show. The findings found that Mahfudz MD uses three of the five types of politeness strategies, namely bald on record, positive, negative, and off-record politeness, and most often uses positive politeness for communication on Narasi with the theme law as moral demand in Indonesia.

Politeness Strategies in Classroom Interaction between Teacher and Students and among Students at Senior High School

In classroom, politeness is needed to be applied to build a good relationship, good social interaction, and comfortable communication between teacher and students and avoid conflict which possibly happens. The purpose of this research is to know the types of politeness strategies used by students and teachers in classroom interaction and to describe the politeness strategies are realized in the teacher – student’s classroom interaction. This research are expected to be valuable for the teacher as the model in English teaching, the teacher can teach moral education in the teaching and learning process. Students will aware of the importance of politeness in English teaching and learning. The people who use polite language will be more honored and accepted in community. Polite in communication make conversation get closer between sepaker and hearer. There are four types of polieness strategies, there are Blad On Record, Positive Politeness Strategies, Negative Politeness Strategies and Off Recordthe researcher found the dominant strategy in teacher-students communication was Bald On Record Strategy which has 13 frequency (44,82%), and followed by Positive which has 10 fruquency (34,48%)In communication among students, the researcher found the most dominant politeness strategy used among students is positive politeness which has 21 frequency (46,66%) and followed by bald on record 17 frequency (37,77%).

Analysis of speech acts in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations: A politeness language analysis

This research studies about politeness strategies in Charles Dickens Great Expectations. The writer analyze of Speech Acts in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations: A Politeness Language Analysis. The purposes of the research were to know the kinds of politeness strategies which used by the main characters in directive utterance and the politeness strategies of directive act in title. The data of this research was Charles Dickens' Great Expectations. This research was done by descriptive qualitative method. The research findings show that there were 2 types of politeness strategies. Based on the frequencies, the strategies applied in the data were Positive Politeness 145 frequencies (86%) and Negative Politeness 31 frequencies (14%). Based on the frequencies of directive utterance in the data were Pip 88 frequencies, Miss. Havisham 340 frequencies, Mrs. Joe Gargery 31 frequencies and Joe Gargery 8 frequencies.

Politeness strategies used by Papuan students in virtual communication practices at university

This study aims at investigating and revealing language politeness strategies, as well as the factors that influence politeness strategies used by Papuan students during virtual in the context of virtual academic consultations as a practice of virtual communications to the lecturers. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods and purposive sampling to choose two lecturers and fifteen university students from the Papua as participants. Data was also gathered through online observation, offline interviews, and documentation. Online observations were made by evaluating screenshots of Google Classroom comments and recording of written conversations on WhatsApp and SMS sent by ten Papuan students. At the same time, offline interviews were carried out 10 students and 2 instructors. The data is then analysed using discourse analysis, which consists of multiple steps, including data recording, data transcription, data selection, and data interpretation. In line with the findings of this study, Papuan students use four types of politeness strategies when consulting with lecturers via virtual communication. They are positive, negative, bald on record, and off the record politeness strategies. In online communication, the negative politeness strategy is the most prevalent among Papuan students. The diversity of politeness strategies that are replicated, even if they appear unpleasant at times, is not an aspect of purposeful or disrespectful behaviour toward the interlocutor. But let us get back to the level of language skills, which still require more attention and are impacted by a variety of internal factors such as personality and age, and external factors such as culture, facilities obtained. The findings indicate that even when language capabilities are restricted in virtual communication, Papuan students receive enough education. This situation will improve the civility of language that students in Papua use while conversing digitally. As a result, higher education institutions in Papua should pay more attention to standard communication patterns when academic consulting with lecturers as speech partners in the context of higher education in Papua in order to develop comprehensive and effective communication practices.

The strategies of politeness In AL- Sistani 's advice & Guidance to the Fighters in the Jihad arenas A Discourse analysis

Politeness is a social phenomenon that can be investigated in each language withinside the world. Every language has its own way of expressing through the speakers relying on their tradition and consequently politeness principle suffers from shortcomings that decrease its performance in the analysis of the act of communication. For example, the term 'universalism' is not illustrated properly through Brown and Levinson, similarly to Leech who confines himself to cope with particular speech acts.
 It is hypothesized that politeness strategy used is positive politeness whilst the negative is not used right here withinside the coming data, and it could be considered as a type of etiquette which is not the same as one society to another.
 The current study examines the strategies of politeness in Al- Sistani 's advice & Guidance to the Fighters in the Jihad arenas.
 There are two types of politeness strategies (positive and negative). Both types of politeness strategies contain preserving and readdressing the social distance among the speaker and the hearer.
 The goal of the study is to analyze the types of politeness strategies might be proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987), the use of discourse analysis which is found out that politeness is used in lots of approaches to construct and maintain the friendly mood.
 The outcomes proved that the positive politeness is the most effective method used and the negative strategy is not employed at all.

Gender and Politeness of Request Expression on Whatsapp

The research discussed about politeness strategy used by male and female students in requesting on WhatsApp message. The aims of this study were: to find out the types of politeness strategy used by male and female students by using Brown and Levinson (1987) politeness theory, to find out the differences and reason of politeness strategy used by male and female students in requesting on WhatsApp. The descriptive qualitative method were used in this research, and the data were derived from the WhatsApp message script. The findings of the study showed that male students applied 3 politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987): bald-on record (21 sentences), positive politeness (8 sentences), negative politeness (3 sentences). The researcher also found that female students applied 4 politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987): bald-on record strategy (5 sentences), positive politeness (7 sentences), negative politeness (17 sentences), and off record (5 sentences). The significant difference in politeness strategies used by male and female students are that there is no off record strategy used by male students, they apply the bald-on record strategy more often, while female students are more varied in using of politeness strategies and mostly applied the negative politeness. The difference of male and female students politeness strategy in requesting on WhatsApp because each gender has own way in conveying their want. Male students were more direct when requesting to others, while female students were more indirect when requesting to others.

APPLICATION OF BROWN AND LEVINSON’S MODEL ON JOE BIDEN’S VICTORY SPEECH: A CASE ON POLITENESS STRATEGY

This research discussed about politeness strategies in Joe Biden’s victory speech. The researcher used theory of Brown and Levinson (1987). This theory to analyzed the types of politeness strategy and the dominant types in Joe Biden victory speech. The source of the data was taken from Joe Biden’s speech in YouTube Its about 15 minutes, 19 seconds. This speech was published at 8 November 2020. The researchers chose Joe Biden’s speech because the researcher found that the types of politeness strategy in this speech. the researcher found 22 data and three types of politeness strategy namely positive politeness 18 (81.8%), negative politeness 1 (4.5%) and off record indirect strategy 3 (13.6%). Positive politeness that found in this speech namely: uses promise, intensifity interest to the hearer, be optimistic, repetition, joke, assume or assert reciprocity, offer, and use rhetorical strategy, negative politeness that found in this speech was use pessimistic and off record indirect strategy namely use metaphors and give hints or directions. The most dominant types in Joe Biden Victory speech was positive politeness strategy. Positive politeness used in the speech so that make good communications between the speaker and the hearer and also make the situations comfortable, relax and make a pleasant situation in doing communication.

ANALYZING THE MEANING OF LANGUAGE USE IN POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN THE DANISH GIRL MOVIE

Politeness strategies are used to craft messages that save the listener's positive and negative face when face-threatening behavior is inevitable or desired. Brown and Levinson mainly outline his four types of politeness strategies. Do not use baldness, negative politeness, positive politeness, off the record (indirect), and simply face-threatening behavior. Positive politeness strategies try to minimize threats to the listener's positive face and make the listener feel good. Negative politeness strategies are based on avoidance and assume that the speaker is imposing something on the listener. Off-the-record strategies use indirect speech to deprive the speaker of the possibility of imposing themselves on the listener. Discourse analysis is conducted to analyze the "face-threatening acts" (FTA) in some conversations of The Danish Girl Movie(2015). Positive politeness or negative politeness is adopted to examine how to speaking between man and a beautiful girl respectively in unconventional ways, which enable them to develop friendship thanks to the politeness strategies used positive politeness and negative politeness. The "meaning of language use" in the politeness strategies is explored. The analysis of politeness in action in this film uncovers both the informational and affective dimensions of language use in structuring human relationship and friendship. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. In this paper, used a purposive sampling technique. With this technique, only utterances with positive and negative politeness strategies were selected for inclusion in this paper. A descriptive qualitative research technique was used to analyze the data. Guidance maps were used to identify positive and negative politeness strategies. The study found that use positive and negative politeness strategies to mitigate threats. It also helps interlocutors understand the strategies they can use to communicate effectively, ensuring both sides feel valued in the conversation.

TYPES OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES AND DEGREES OF POLITENESS PERFORMED BY ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS IN REQUESTING FOR HELP

In social interaction, people need to pay attention to the face of others to maintain relationships and avoid losing their faces. To do this, people should use politeness strategies in communication. This study aims to investigate which type of politeness strategies are mostly used and the level of politeness shown by English major students in the High Quality Program in requesting help. This study is based on the theory of Brown and Levinson (1987). Based on the analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire, negative politeness strategies were applied the most. This also performs a high degree of politeness. It shows that students majoring in English studies (High Quality Program) had an awareness of using politeness strategies in requesting help.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0704/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Face Threatening Acts of the Main Character in “The Half of it” Movie

This study analyzed face threatening acts (FTAs) used by the main character in the movie titled The Half of It, focusing on (i) the types of the FTAs and (ii) how the FTAs are used by the main character. The data came from all utterances (words, phrases, clauses, sentences) produced by the main character. A pragmatic theory of FTAs from Brown and Levinson was applied to analyze the data qualitatively. Four types of FTAs are found in this study. The first type is “threatening the hearer’s negative face”, which was embedded in specific acts used by the main character, namely Suggestion, Threat, Reminding, Order, Warning, and Compliment. The second type is, “threatening the speaker’s negative face”, which is followed by such acts as Response to the hearer’s faux pas, Excuses, and Acceptance of offers. The third type is, “threatening the hearer’s positive face” with the acts of Criticism, Insults, Disagreement, Ridicule, Reprimand, Disapproval, Irreverence, Complaints, and Accusations. The last type of the FTAs is “threatening the speaker’s positive face” by using Confession, Emotion leakage, Physical control over the body, Apology, and Acting stupid. Finally, the FTAs enacted in the utterances of the main character are minimized by means of applying the politeness strategies. It has been discovered that the main character used the four types of politeness strategy that were positive politeness, negative politeness, bald on-record, and off-record strategy.

An Analysis Of Speech Act And Politeness Strategy Used By English Lecturer of Dwijendra University in Online Classroom Interaction

Speech act and politeness strategy are widely known as a part of pragmatics in which certain aims are conveyed beyond the words or phrases when a speaker says something. Both apply as acts that refer to the action performed by the utterances produced during an intercourse. The aims of this study was finding out what types of politeness strategy and speech acts used by English lecturer during online class’s instruction. The subject of this research is an English lecturer at Dwijendra University. The data were collected through two steps; an observation on politeness strategy and speech act used during the online learning and then an interview to verify the observed data. It is a qualitative descriptive study which was conducted in two steps; first step is to observe how English lecturer apply politeness strategies and speech act in online learning. Second, interview is conducted with research subjects to verify the observed data. In addition, there are two theories applied in this research namely Brown & Levinson's theory of politeness strategies and Searle's theory of speech act. The result of the study found out that English Lecturer use four types of politeness strategies during an online learning; bald-on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record. Besides, five types of speech acts were found to be used by the English lecturer during his online learning; representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and directive. This study also discovered that an English lecturer used more directive speech acts during online learning.
 
 Keyword: Online Learning, Politeness Strategy, Speech Act

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN “ALADDIN” MOVIE

This research is a descriptive study on the use of politeness strategy in movie. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative approach. This research focused on describing politeness strategies used by the main characters of Aladdin movie. The data were analyzed from conversation script in form of utterance. The researchers used analysis method by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The research results showed that the types of politeness strategies used by the four main characters in the film Aladdin are the bald-on record strategy, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, and off-record strategies. Bald on record is the most widely used. It appeared 11 times (37%). It is followed by positive politeness which are uttered 7 times (23%) and off record which are also uttered 7 times (23%). The forth is negative politeness that uttered 5 times (17%). The researcher suggest to the English teachers to use Aladdin movie as teaching resource for politeness strategy. The researcher also suggested to the students could apply the politeness strategy in their life especially with the teachers and mates during learning process. For the further researcher, there are many aspects which can be analyzed about Pragmatics including politeness strategy. The reseracher suggests to the other researchers to analyze other aspects of Pragmatics in different works.

Politeness Strategies Employed in Communication with Santri and Ustadz in an Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia

This study on politeness and morals is a learning strategy used in the interaction between santri and kyai/ustdaz in Pesantren Salaf Al-Qur'an Sholahul Huda Al-Mujahidin. This study examined the politeness strategies of both santri and kyai/ustadz in their daily interactions and the factors underlying their use of such systems. Furthermore, a case study qualitative approach by doing observation and interview was employed as the study method. To figure out the phenomenon, Brown and Levinson's (1987) theory of politeness strategies was applied in analyzing the data: Bald on Record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off Record. From the analysis, it was figured out that all types of politeness strategies were realized in kyai/ustadz utterances. In contrast, only three politeness strategies were performed by santri. It was identified that some social factors of power and social distance triggered the santri and kyai/ustadz to execute such plans. However, another influential factor that was found to encourage the participants to employ those strategies was Pesantren Sholahul Huda Al-Mujahidin's culture of akhlak encompasses several values based upon Islamic values declared in Al Quran and Al Hadith. Maintaining and nurturing this akhlak and morality is believed to be the basis of the realization of peace.

Politeness Strategies used by the First Semester EFL Students in Online Classroom Interaction at UNISMUH Makassar

This research highlights the politeness strategies used by the first semester EFL students in online classroom interaction at UNISMUH Makassar. The objectives of this research were: (1) find out the types of politeness strategies used by the first semester EFL students in online classroom interaction (2) examine the reasons why the first semester EFL students use politeness strategies in online classroom interaction (3) explore the lecturers’ perception about the politeness strategies used by the first semester EFL students in online classroom interaction. This research used descriptive-qualitative method. The subject of the research consisted of three classes in the first semester English Education Department at UNISMUH Makassar. The data were collected by using observation checklist, audio recorder and interview guides. The result of this research revealed that (1) there were four politeness strategies used by the first semester EFL students in online classroom interaction at UNISMUH Makassar, they were bald on record strategy, positive politeness strategy, and negative politeness strategy and off record politeness strategy. From a total of 220 utterances, the most frequently used strategy was bald on record politeness strategy (109 times), positive politeness strategy (43 times), negative politeness strategy (65 times) and off record (3 times), (2) the reasons why students used politeness strategy were to make comfortable communication, create harmony, mutual respect, make the class calm and peaceful, and build intimacy and solidarity to avoid disputes and misunderstandings, (3) In lecturers' perceptions, in order to be polite in online classroom interaction, the first semester EFL students used greeting, saying farewell, apologizing, permission, give deference and good cooperation in class. The lecturers highly appreciate and have a good perspective on the politeness strategies used by the EFL students in online classroom interactions.

Politeness Strategies in Social Media: the Case of “Covid -19” Pandemic in Facebook and Twitter Posts

This study deals with the types of politeness strategies on social media: Facebook posts and Twitter, according to Brown and Levinson's (1987) theory. This research is included in the type of descriptive qualitative research. To answer questions in the research, the author took 30 Facebook posts and Twitter data according to Creswell's (2009) theory, namely by downloading posts from Facebook and Twitter randomly with the theme of Covid-19. Then the data was condensed, displayed and verified conclusion drawn. The results of this study found that there were 5 types of positive politeness strategies and 6 negative politeness strategies. The positive sub strategies are: making offer, showing a sense of optimism, involving the interlocutor and speaker in a certain activities , giving and asking for reasons, and expector demand reciprocity. while the negative politeness strategies include: indirect expression), using fences, stating FTA as a general social, stating clearly that the speaker has given goodness.

The Analysis of Politeness Strategies in Buginese Bone Language

This study was aimed to investigate the kind politeness strategies used by Buginese Bone in several situations. The source of data was verbal utterances by Buginese Bone. This study used pragmatic study especially theory of politeness by Brown and Levinson. It also used the qualitative descriptive method. The writer used observation by recording and note-taking providing the technique of collecting data. The result of the study showed that the types of politeness strategies used in Buginese Bone are; Negative Politeness, Off-record which found in the interaction between strangers, local inhabitants, family members, superior and subordinate. While, positive politeness is appeared in the interaction between friends. The implication of this research was intended for making good interaction when interacting to other people. The writers also suggest that for further research to investigate the same field in terms of semantics.

Politeness Strategies Used by Anies Baswedan in the Interview on Humanities in Southeast Asia

This study applied a qualitative descriptive approach that establishes the requirement that a study must be carried out on the basis of existing facts. This study aims to examine the politeness strategies used by Anies Baswedan in the interview on humanities in Southeast Asia. The source of data of this study was obtained from youtube. This research data is in the form of phrases and clauses which contained politeness strategies. The collected data is assessed using Brown and Levinson's Politeness Strategies theory to find out the types of politeness strategy and its sub-strategies. This study applies a pragmatic study. After analyzing the data, the researchers concluded that there are three types of politeness strategies found in the Interview on Humanities in Southeast Asia. These three types of politeness strategies are: Bald on record, positive politeness, and negative politeness

Hong Kong EFL Learners Politeness Strategy Use in Production and Perception of Requests and Refusals

Requests and refusals are well-acknowledged as challenging speech acts even when realized in native interactions owing to their intrinsic nature of being facethreatening. It is therefore conceivable that producing such social responses would be an arduous task for foreign language learners. Against this background, the present study set out with an aim to examine the politeness in the production of and perception of requests and refusals by six secondary-level EFL learners in Hong Kong under different degrees of social distance and social status, with prospective English teachers and native speakers as the control group. A discourse-completion task and a survey served as the instruments to elicit quantitative data. Results were analyzed with reference to Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, which proposes four types of politeness strategies, namely bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off-record strategy. Findings suggested that intermediate learners had an overuse of direct strategy to threaten both positive and negative face of interlocutors, while advanced learners were reported to be too conventionally indirect in general. Plausible explanation was the insufficient coverage of certain topics at schools. The paper hence demands educational adjustment in relevant aspects to improve learners’ pragmatic performance.