Partner Type Research Articles

Партнерская модель взаимодействия властных элит и гражданского общества и проблемы ее становления в современной России

The relevance of the study of the partnership model of interaction between government elites and civil society and the problems of its formation in modern Russia is due to the fact that effective interaction between the state and civil society institutions can benefit both subjects under consideration and contribute to the progressive development of the country as a whole. The paper concludes that the optimal model of interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions presupposes equality of the actors under consideration: here a strong state exists along with a strong civil society, and relations between them develop according to the type of partnership. The author emphasizes that the partnership model as a special type of interaction between the state and civil society assumes that public authorities do not seek to manage nongovernmental organizations as basic structures of civil society, but, on the contrary, are focused on dialogue with NGOs, the widespread use of various "negotiation platforms" and other forms of civil dialogue. A significant obstacle to the formation of partnerships between the state and civil society, based on an equal dialogue between the government and the public, is the low level of prestige of the so-called public activity in the eyes of the vast majority of the country's population. The organization of effective interaction between public authorities and civil society structures in our country is hampered by the general attitude of the ruling political elite towards public associations, which is characterized by the desire of the authorities to exercise control over any initiatives emanating from citizens and their organizations.

Enabling policy environment for water operator partnerships in the Southern African Development Community

AbstractWater service provision has typically been primarily regarded as a government endeavor, especially in developing countries. Various concepts of partnerships have been promoted over the past five decades in the sector, primarily to improve service provision. Among these partnerships, water operator partnerships (WOPs) have been distinguished as a leading concept that promotes easy access to water supply and sanitation. Several WOPs exist worldwide with varying partnership types and characteristics. For WOPs to thrive effectively globally, an enabling environment has to be provided. More so for developing countries that are more susceptible to socio‐economic and climate change factors that affect water service delivery. This paper evaluates the enabling policy environment for WOPs in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Data used for the study include literature from the Global Water Operator Partnerships Alliance (GWOPA) WOPs database, as well as other online resources, enabling a detailed understanding of different case studies in the SADC region on a North–South and South–South basis. It must, however, be noted that data availability on the database is dependent on the utilities engaged in the WOP recording and uploading it, and this affected the scope of the study. The database provided three in‐depth case studies from Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, and extensive literature review provided an additional in‐depth case study from Malawi. Strategies such as water reforms and multi‐stakeholder partnerships are highlighted in aiding the WOPs. Findings show that current policies in the region make provisions for partnerships but are not explicit or exhaustive on the different forms of partnerships. The lack of an intermediate third party in countries such as Malawi negatively affects the relationship between the utilities and, subsequently, the success of the WOP. Strategies such as capacity building and stakeholder participation can assist in creating a more enabling policy environment for WOPs.

The impact of explorative and exploitative collaborations on SMEs innovative performance

ABSTRACT Despite the importance of SMEs for innovation activity, questions remain concerning the determinants of their innovative performance and the role of different types of collaboration and partners. The present paper empirically analyzes the role played by different types of R&D collaborations in the persistence of SME innovative performance. We used a longitudinal database to identify all the Swedish SMEs that launched significant product innovations in the ICT market in the 1990–2019 period, in combination with collected data on the R&D collaborations established by these SMEs. Through several dynamic panel data regression models, we point out how SME innovative performance is significantly affected by R&D collaborations with large firms and universities. Crucially, we show how the impact of these collaborations differs depending on the nature of these relationships. In doing so, the present paper offers insights into the relationships between SMEs and universities, and open innovation strategies.

Increased Community Outcomes or Better Outcomes from Library Partnership: Through an Equity Lens

ABSTRACT Library programs and services serve communities, and they aim to increase information literacy, knowledge, increase access and decrease barriers. These benefits can be enhanced through partnerships between libraries and outside organizations. To explore what types of partnerships exist among libraries and discover more about resulting community benefits, a literature search was conducted looking for examples of shared experiences of different libraries. The literature search was completed utilizing a health focused database, an educational focused database and a library focused database: PubMed, Educational Institution of Educational Sciences (ERIC) and Library & Information Science s (LISA). A combination of keywords and controlled vocabulary were utilized that best described the topic of library partnerships and collaboration which support health initiatives. The articles retrieved highlighted three thematic concepts of community benefits from library collaborations such as increased engagement and satisfaction with programs, increased learning for library staff and increased access to resources for community members. Partnerships between individual libraries as well as partnerships between libraries and outside organizations have the potential to provide positive, equitable and tangible benefits for both libraries and the communities they serve. More research and investigation in the area of library partnerships and community benefits is recommended to help continue the progress and success that has already been established.

Study Partner Type and Adverse Event Reporting in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trials.

In randomized clinical trials (RCTs), monitoring adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) is critical. All Alzheimer's disease (AD) RCTs require participants to enroll with a study partner. We examined AE reporting rates in mild-to-moderate AD trials and their associations with study partner type. We estimated AE reporting rates using placebo data from seven independent RCTs conducted by the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. We assessed the heterogeneity of reporting rates as a function of visits using generalized estimating equations. In the primary analysis, we tested the hypotheses that the rates of reporting differed by study partner type and time they spent with the participant weekly using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation. In all regression models, log-transformed total patient years was included. The estimated reporting rates were 2.83 (95% CI: 2.66, 3.02), 1.18 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.28), 0.23 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.27), and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.33) events per participant year for grade 1-3 AEs and SAEs, respectively. We estimated that greater number of visits per year was associated with increased reporting for grade 1-2 AEs and SAEs. We did not find evidence to suggest that AE reporting differed by study partner type or by time the study partner spent with the participant. Study partner type and time the study partner spent with the participant did not appear to impact AE reporting. Estimated reporting rates may be useful to evaluate safety in future studies, particularly those with no control arm and similar visit frequencies.

Diverse Early-Life Family Trajectories and Young Children’s Mental Health in the UK

Past research suggests that children from two-parent married families fare better than children from other families on many outcomes. Only fragmented evidence on diverse family trajectories in association with child mental health is available. Using multi-channel sequence analysis and data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, we jointly capture maternal partnership trajectories and type of father co-residence between birth and age 5. We then assess the association between these family trajectories and child mental health at age 5 and 8 using random effects regression. Children whose trajectories include the entrance of a non-biological father or parental separation have the lowest levels of mental health. However, children of never partnered mothers and those who repartner with the biological father have comparable mental health to children of stably married biological parents. Thus, not all types of family complexity or instability appear to be equally detrimental to children’s mental health.

Mapping creative territories with actors, partnerships, innovations, and regulatory mechanisms based on literature review

Creative territories are geographic spaces of collaboration between different social actors, driving innovations and requiring regulatory mechanisms for sustainability and growth. This paper aims to synthesize available evidence on creative territories through a systematic literature review to analyze the significant actors in creative territories, the type of partnerships between them, the kind of innovations in creative territories, and the regulatory mechanisms for supporting these territories. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to ensure a transparent and systematic approach. A comprehensive search in the Scopus database, employing predefined search terms and inclusion criteria, included 86 articles. The findings revealed several key topics within the existing academic literature on creative territories, including i) the individual social players in creative territories and partnerships and collaborations among them, ii) the various innovations in these territories and sectors, iii) the regulatory mechanisms applied by government and non-government actors. These topics or aspects were further analyzed and categorized to provide a comprehensive overview of the research landscape. The discussion section presents a critical analysis and synthesis of the findings, highlighting that the government supports creative territories through 16 regulatory mechanisms, while the literature highlights at least 5 levels of government intervention. Additionally, private social actors can positively impact creative territories through various regulatory mechanisms, including firm self-regulation, industry self-regulation, and civil regulation, with at least 21 social actors classified into 5 groups collaborating through six types/forms of collaboration. Furthermore, several circumstances and factors should be available to prosper in a particular partnership/collaboration like a clear definition of responsibilities, well-defined rules, mutual benefits, equal collaboration, and solid authority. The findings underscore the importance of creative territories and serve as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, offering insights and directions for future research endeavors.

Improving sexual health through partner notification: the LUSTRUM mixed-methods research Programme including RCT of accelerated partner therapy

Improving sexual health through partner notification: the LUSTRUM mixed-methods research Programme including RCT of accelerated partner therapy

Lexical Alignment is Pervasive Across Contexts in Non-WEIRD Adult-Child Interactions.

Lexical alignment, a communication phenomenon where conversational partners adapt their word choices to become more similar, plays an important role in the development of language and social communication skills. While this has been studied extensively in the conversations of preschool-aged children and their parents in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) communities, research in other pediatric populations is sparse. This study makes significant expansions on the existing literature by focusing on alignment in naturalistic conversations of school-aged children from a non-WEIRD population across multiple conversational tasks and with different types of adult partners. Typically developing children aged 5 to 8 years (n = 45) engaged in four semi-structured conversations that differed by task (problem-solving vs. play-based) and by partner (parent vs. university student), resulting in a corpus of 180 conversations. Lexical alignment scores were calculated and compared to sham conversations, representing alignment occurring at the level of chance. Both children and adults coordinated their conversational utterances by re-using or aligning each other's word choices. This alignment behavior persisted across conversational tasks and partners, although the degree of alignment was moderated by the conversational context. These findings suggest that lexical alignment is a robust phenomenon in conversations between school-age children and adults. Furthermore, this study extends lexical alignment findings to a non-WEIRD culture, suggesting that alignment may be a coordination strategy employed by adults and children across diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.

Determinants for positive and negative experiences of interpersonal touch: context matters

ABSTRACT The goal of the study was to determine which aspects of interpersonal touch interactions lead to a positive or negative experience. Previous research has focused primarily on physical characteristics. We suggest that this may not be sufficient to fully capture the complexity of the experience. Specifically, we examined how fulfilment of psychological needs influences touch experiences and how this relates to physical touch characteristics and situational factors. In two mixed-method studies, participants described their most positive and most negative interpersonal touch experience within a specific time frame. They reported fulfilment of nine needs, affect, intention, and reason for positivity/negativity, as well as the body part(s) touched, location, type of touch, interaction partner, and particular touch characteristics (e.g. humidity). Positive and negative touch experiences shared similar touch types, locations, and body parts touched, but differed in intended purpose and reasons. Overall, the valence of a touch experience could be predicted from fulfilment of relatedness, the interaction partner and initiator, and physical touch characteristics. Positive affect increased with need fulfilment, and negative affect decreased. The results highlight the importance of relatedness and reciprocity for the valence of touch, and emphasise the need to incorporate psychological needs in touch research.

Use of preexposure prophylaxis and condom purchasing decisions.

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but not other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Men who have sex with men (MSM) who take PrEP tend to report reduced condom use, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. For this study, MSM who take PrEP (i.e., PrEP experienced; n = 88) and MSM who do not (i.e., PrEP naïve; n = 113) completed an online study, including the condom purchase task (CoPT). The CoPT assesses decisions to purchase condoms across escalating prices (range: free-$55) for sex with different types of hypothetical partners: those least likely to have an STD (least STD) and those that participants most want to have sex with (most want sex with). When condoms were free, PrEP-experienced MSM had a lower rate of condom purchasing than did PrEP-naïve MSM. For both partner types, PrEP-experienced MSM reached a price break point (i.e., would not buy condoms) at a lower price than did PrEP-naïve pariticipants. For the most-want-sex-with partner at the price at which participants elected not to buy condoms, only 23% of PrEP-experienced MSM chose to abstain from sex when not purchasing condoms versus 53% among PrEP-naïve MSM. Similar patterns were observed for the least-STD partner. The results support the potential utility of the CoPT in identifying behavioral mechanisms related to condom use and PrEP.

Joint controllers in large research consortia: a funnel model to distinguish controllers in the sense of the GDPR from other partners in the consortium

Large European research consortia in the health sciences face challenges regarding the governance of personal data collected, generated and/or shared during their collective research. A controller in the sense of the GDPR is the entity which decides about purposes and means of the data processing. Case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and Guidelines of the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) indicate that all partners in the consortium would be joint controllers. This paper summarises the case law, the Guidelines and literature on joint controllership, gives a brief account of a webinar organised on the issue by Lygature and the MLC Foundation. Participants at the webinar agreed in large majority that it would be extreme if all partners in the consortium would become joint controllers. There was less agreement how to disentangle partners who are controllers of a study from those who are not. In order to disentangle responsibilities, we propose a funnel model with consecutive steps acting as sieves in the funnel. It differentiates between two types of partners: all partners who are involved in shaping the project as a whole versus those specific partners who are more closely involved in a sub-study following from the DoA i or the use of the data Platform. If the role of the partner would be comparable to that of an outside advisor, that partner would not be a data controller even though the partner is part of the consortium. We propose further nuances for the disentanglement which takes place in various steps. Uncertainty about formal controllership under the GDPR can stifle collaboration in consortia due to concerns over (shared) responsibility and liability. Data subjects’ ability to exercise their right can also be affected by this. The funnel model proposes a way out of this conundrum.

End of selection criteria based on sexual orientation: An international symposium on alternatives to donation deferral.

Until recently, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) were deferred from donating blood for 3-12 months since the last male-to-male sexual contact. This MSM deferral has been discontinued by several high-income countries (HIC) that now perform gender-neutral donor selection. An international symposium (held on 20-04-2023) gathered experts from seven HICs to (1) discuss how this paradigm shift might affect the mitigation strategies for transfusion-transmitted infections and (2) address the challenges related to gender-neutral donor selection. Most countries employed a similar approach for implementing a gender-neutral donor selection policy: key stakeholders were consulted; the transition was bridged by time-limited deferrals; donor compliance was monitored; and questions or remarks on anal sex and the number and/or type of sexual partners were often added. Many countries have now adopted a gender-neutral approach in which questions on pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been added (or retained, when already in place). Other countries used mitigation strategies, such as plasma quarantine or pathogen reduction technologies for plasma and/or platelets. The experience with gender-neutral donor selection has been largely positive among the countries covered herein and seems to be acceptable to stakeholders, donors and staff. The post-implementation surveillance data collected so far appear reassuring with regards to safety, although longer observation periods are necessary. The putative risks associated with HIV antiretrovirals should be further investigated.

The president and the vice president: Different types of partnerships for a unique power couple

AbstractAs the vice presidency evolves over time, the way we assess vice presidents' activities and influence also needs to change. We must consider the type of partnership that the president and the vice president develop together, which determines not only the latter's involvement in the decision‐making process but also the scope of his or her influence. Since partnerships can change from one term to another and according to the issues, they can help explain the fluctuations of vice presidents' influence within and between administrations, but they also enhance our comprehension of the evolution of executive power by emphasizing the dynamics of the connection between its principal components—the presidency and the vice presidency. This article introduces a new typology accounting for four different partnerships: communication, coordination, cooperation, and collaboration. This typology distinguishes between weak and strong partnerships, depending on the level of influence they allow the vice presidents to exert. Partnerships are defined by a series of criteria related to the selection of the running mate, the tasks of the vice president within the administration, and the quality of his or her relationship with the president.

Public reaction to public-private partnerships (PPPs): citizen assessments of four different types of PPPs and policy support

ABSTRACT Solving problems through collaborative efforts of public, private, and nonprofit groups has become more important in recent years. One type of public-private partnerships (PPPs) has been studied in some depth – government-business contracts for transportation infrastructure. Little is known, however, about other types of partnership arrangements that deal with other community issues or services and may involve different combinations of actors. And there is little information on how the public views any of the available PPP options and arrangements for possible transportation infrastructure design, development and implementation. This article focuses on the public's views of four PPP transportation infrastructure options. The overall results show that respondents’ do differentiate between types of PPPs and that respondents’ PPP preferences are associated with their views on community engagement policy on infrastructure.

The role of social partners in facilitating return to work: a comparative analysis for Belgium and Italy

Purpose This study explores how social partners contribute to the successful return to work (RTW) of individuals affected by chronic diseases, employing the framework of actor-centred institutionalism.Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a comparative case study methodology to assess the role of social partners in the workplace (re-)integration of people with chronic disease in Belgium and Italy, both of which represent well-developed industrial relations systems yet having different institutional and policy frameworks on RTW.Findings Institutional factors are found to affect the type and degree of social partners' commitment and contribution to RTW. Differences in their commitment can be explained by their varied degrees of integration in public policy formation, which explain their different preferred stages of interactions in this field: national tripartite social dialogue for Belgium; and sectoral collective bargaining for Italy. Unsatisfactory outcomes of social partners’ contribution in facilitating RTW processes are attributed to the fragmentation of the legal framework and uneven development of collective bargaining in Italy. In Belgium, the authors find the presence of cumbersome RTW procedures downplaying the role of the worker representative.Originality/value This paper adds empirical evidence to the limited literature on the role of social partners in facilitating RTW and sheds light on how to improve the current policy context. It suggests involving the social partners in the development of a comprehensive public policy framework, which should allow for an early, flexible and multi-stakeholder (re-)integration procedure following chronic disease.

PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN RISIKO SYARIAH DALAM KOPERASI SYARIAH

The business can develop and run smoothly with capital. Business people or businesses, whether on a small or medium scale business, can run a business that really needs capital by borrowing capital from a cooperative, one of them. A cooperative is a business or business consisting of a group, organization or association that is managed to achieve a common goal. This research uses qualitative methods, the nature of historical research methods, Data collection techniques using documentary methods can be financial reports, statistical data, books, research journals, and other relevant documents, related to the research.
 In the context of partnerships and trade, modern western partnership type cooperatives are now similar to previous Islamic partnerships. And it has been practiced by Muslims until the 18th century. Both forms of Islamic syirkah and modern syirkah. Sharia cooperatives themselves were born after the mushrooming of the establishment of several Baitul Maal WatTamwiil (BMT) which was first pioneered by BMT Bina Insan Kamil in 1992. The three types of business activities are fund raising, financing and services. One type of sharia cooperative, namely the 212 Sharia Cooperative, is the National Primary Cooperative, which was founded by Muslim leaders as an implementation of the spirit of Aksi 212, which is full of brotherhood and togetherness.

Does Open Innovation Promote Innovation Efficiency in Chinese Universities?

The growing Chinese universities are implementing open innovation (OI). However, the function of OI in the innovation activities is still unclear. This article elaborates on how outbound OI (OOI) and inbound OI (IOI), which includes four types of partners [i.e., domestic research institutions, domestic higher education, domestic enterprises, and foreign institutions], influence the innovation efficiency of invention patents (IPA) and scientific papers (FPA) in the context of Chinese universities. Based on a panel dataset from 2009 to 2018 in China, we find that OOI significantly facilitates innovation efficiency of universities. IOI with DHE and FI can promote innovation efficiency in IPA and FPA, respectively. Moreover, we also investigate the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between OI and innovation efficiency. The results show some heterogeneity in the different types of OI. The study enriches the influencing factors of innovation efficiency in relation to OI and expands the research subject of OI topic. Furthermore, this article supplements the knowledge regarding the boundary conditions under which the effect of OI is strengthened or weakened.

РОЗВИТОК ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ З ДОСВІДУ СВІТОВОЇ ПРАКТИКИ

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a strategic collaboration between the public and private sectors aimed at jointly addressing socio-economic challenges and achieving specific goals. This type of partnership is becoming increasingly relevant in today's world, where complex social, economic, and environmental challenges require a comprehensive approach to their resolution.PPP can encompass a wide range of areas, including infrastructure, healthcare, education, energy, technology, and many others. It is based on principles of mutual assistance, trust, risk sharing, and responsibility between government and private entities. At the international level, PPP plays a key role in jointly addressing global issues such as climate change, population growth, military conflicts, and poverty. International PPPs serve as a mechanism for leveraging resources and expertise from different countries and international organizations.Such partnerships facilitate more efficient use of resources, exchange of best practices and technologies, and contribute to strengthening international cooperation and understanding among nations. In practice, the partnership between the government and the private sector is focused on attracting investments for financing. Mutual economic interest arises when their strategic goals and tasks intersect. Government structures, along with businesses, aim to achieve global objectives through the application of commercial opportunities and focusing on enterprises to implement economic and social approaches, expand the economic sphere, and develop cooperation in the field of progressive solutions. Private enterprises, through joint cooperation with government authorities, aim to achieve their goals for development and protection of their interests. Ukraine is also actively developing PPP as a tool to improve management efficiency, attract investments, and implement strategic projects. Public-private partnership opens up new opportunities for infrastructure development, enhancing the competitiveness of the economy, and ensuring sustainable socio-economic growth.

Disclosure Concerns and the Correlation Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Taiwan.

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are associated with the widespread human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in Taiwan. Additionally, little is known about disclosure patterns and rates, as well as factors influencing disclosure, among GBMSM living with HIV in the country. HIV prevention for GBMSM is effective when HIV status is disclosed. For instance, GBMSM disclosing their HIV status can result in early pre-exposure prophylaxis with a serodiscordant partner. In this cross-sectional study of 200 GBMSM living with HIV conducted from June to November 2020, we assessed internalized homophobia (IHP Scale) and social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), as well as self-reported disclosure and non-disclosure. Among the participants, 75.5% revealed their HIV status within 3 months of diagnosis. Younger age, occupation type, and number of sexual partners were some factors associated with disclosure. Those receiving more social support and who experienced less IHP were more likely to reveal their HIV status. On the contrary, older GBMSM and GBMSM living with HIV who worked in educational enterprises still experienced severe IHP. Policymakers and healthcare practitioners should be aware of the problems faced by GBMSM living with HIV and offer practical assistance to improve their mental health.