Types Of Motion Research Articles

Cyber-physical recreation of six DOF industrial robot arm

AbstractThe Cyber-Physical and Vehicle Manufacturing Laboratory, a model Industry 4.0 laboratory, is applying new innovative solutions to improve the quality of education. As part of this, a digital twin of the lab was designed and built, where users can practice. In the virtual space, it is possible to apply the known robot motion types, and the tool centre and wrist speed have been measured virtually. Robot control tasks can be performed “offline” using parameters. This information can then be transferred to the actual physical robot unit. The stable diffusion 1.5 deep learning model generates 2D geometric shapes for trajectory, allowing users to perform unique tasks during education. The Google Colab cloud-based service was used to teach our rendered-type dataset. For the 3D simulation frame, we used V-REP, which was developed on a desktop PC equipped with an Intel Core i5 7600K processor, Nvidia GTX1070 VGA with 8 GB of DDR5 VRAM, and 64 GB of DDR4 memory modules. The following material describes an existing industrial six-axis robot arm and its implementation, which can be controlled and programmed while performing virtual measurements after integrating into a Cyber-Physical system and using deep learning techniques.

Lifetime Prediction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm Considering Insulation Thermal Aging.

The direct-drive selective compliance assembly robot arm (SCARA) is widely used in high-end manufacturing fields, as it omits the mechanical transmission structures and has the advantages of high positioning accuracy and fast movement speed. However, due to the intensifying dynamic coupling problem of structures in the direct-drive SCARA, the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) located at the joints will take on nonstationary loads, which causes excessive internal temperature and reduces the lifetime of PMSMs. To address these issues, the lifetime prediction of PMSMs is studied. The kinematic and dynamic models of the SCARA are established to calculate the torque curve required by the PMSM in specific typical motion tasks. Additionally, considering thermal stress as the main factor affecting lifetime, accelerated degradation tests are conducted on insulation material. Then, the reliability function of the PMSM is formulated based on the accelerated degradation model. Based on the parameters and working conditions of the PMSM, the temperature field distribution is obtained through simulation. The maximum temperature is used as the reference temperature to conduct reliability evaluation and lifetime prediction of the PMSM. The research results show that for a typical point-to-point task, the PMSM can run for 102,623 h while achieving the reliability requirement of 0.99.

Pengembangan Tari Sumbun di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur Provinsi Jambi

This study aims to reveal, describe, and analyze the development of Sumbun Dance in East Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province. This type of research is qualitative research using a descriptive method. The research instrument is the researcher himself assisted by supporting instruments in the form of stationery and cameras. Data were collected through literature studies, observations, interviews and documentation. The steps of analyzing data are data collection, data reduction, data modeling, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that the development of Sumbun Dance can be seen in terms of quality and quantity. In terms of the quality of the development of Sumbun dance, it is seen from the movement, floor patterns, dancers, music, makeup and clothing, time and place of performance. Meanwhile, in terms of quantity, it can be seen from the addition of actors, increasing performances, expanding the performance area. The development in terms of movement of the Sumbun dance which before it was developed there were 8 types of movements and in the creation of Sumbun dance there were 11 types of movements. The musical instruments used in the Sumbun dance that were previously developed were kulintang, gong, drum, and accordion and in the Sumbun dance that had been developed kulintang, gong, drum, accordion, violin, gambus, drums, keyboard, bass, and guitar. The floor pattern is carried out by variating what was initially 8 types of floor patterns now to 10 types of floor patterns and in the form of variations. The costumes that used to be danced using Malay traditional clothes from Tanjung Jabung Timur were equipped with batik-patterned cloth songkets as well as golden iron head accessories and necklaces and men's accessories only used headbands. Now the costumes used in the creation mung dance have been packaged and created in a new form like costumes for performance events. Meanwhile, in terms of quantity, the number of Sumbun dancers who have been dancing for a long time amounted to 6.

Vortex-like vs. turbulent mixing of a Viscum album preparation affects crystalline structures formed in dried droplets

Various types of motion introduced into a solution can affect, among other factors, the alignment and positioning of molecules, the agglomeration of large molecules, oxidation processes, and the production of microparticles and microbubbles. We employed turbulent mixing vs. laminar flow induced by a vortex vs. diffusion-based mixing during the production of Viscum album Quercus L. 10−3 following the guidelines for manufacturing homeopathic preparations. The differently mixed preparation variants were analyzed using the droplet evaporation method. The crystalline structures formed in dried droplets were photographed and analyzed using computer-supported image analysis and deep learning. Computer-supported evaluation and deep learning revealed that the patterns of the variant succussed under turbulence are characterized by lower complexity, whereas those obtained from the vortex-mixed variant are characterized by greater complexity compared to the diffusion-based mixed control variant. The droplet evaporation method could provide a relatively inexpensive means of testing the effects of liquid flow and serve as an alternative to currently used methods.

Motion segmentation with event camera: [formula omitted]-patches optical flow estimation and Pairwise Markov Random Fields

This paper proposes the N-patches optical flow estimation-based motion compensation for motion segmentation using event camera. The requirement for prior knowledge of the scenario to cluster events into different motion types is addressed by the N-patches optical flow estimation. The framework of motion segmentation combines motion compensation and Pairwise Markov Random Fields, which not only realize the alignment of events in space but also enhance the spatial correlation between events. The proposed approach aims to maximize the contrast of the images of warped events. It does so by minimizing a specially designed energy function that jointly estimates motion parameters and discrete label items. The problem of selecting the optimal value for N∗ when executing N-patches optical flow estimation is discussed in Section 4.2 of the experiments. Finally, the proposed approach is evaluated in several scenes involving high-speed motion, low-light conditions, occlusions, and multiple moving objects. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves better segmentation performance than the event-based motion segmentation by motion compensation.

Periodontal considerations during orthodontic intrusion and extrusion in healthy and reduced periodontium.

In patients with advanced periodontal disease, pathological tooth migration may occur, which may require subsequent orthodontic treatment for both aesthetic and functional purposes. When planning orthodontic treatment mechanics, intrusive or extrusive forces are frequently indicated. Understanding tissue reactions during these movements is essential for clinicians when devising a comprehensive orthodontic-periodontal treatment plan. This knowledge enables clinicians to be fully aware of and account for the potential effects on the surrounding tissues. The majority of our understanding regarding the behavior of periodontal tissues in both healthy and compromised periodontal conditions is derived from animal studies. These studies offer the advantage of conducting histological and other assessments that would not be feasible in human research. Human studies are nevertheless invaluable in being able to understand the clinically relevant response elicited by the periodontal tissues following orthodontic tooth movement. Animal and human data show that in dentitions with reduced periodontal support, orthodontic intrusion of the teeth does not induce periodontal damage, provided the periodontal tissues do not have inflammation and plaque control with excellent oral hygiene is maintained. On the contrary, when inflammation is not fully controlled, orthodontic intrusion may accelerate the progression of periodontal destruction, with bacterial plaque remnants being displaced subgingivally, leading to further loss of attachment. Orthodontic extrusion, on the other hand, does not seem to cause further periodontal breakdown in dentitions with reduced periodontal support, even in cases with deficient plaque control. This is attributed to the nature of the tooth movement, which directs any plaque remnants coronally (supragingivally), reducing the risk of adverse effects on the periodontal tissues. This specific type of tooth movement can be leveraged to benefit periodontal conditions by facilitating the regeneration of lost hard and soft periodontal tissues in a coronal direction. As a result, orthodontic extrusion can be employed in implant site development, offering an advantageous alternative to more invasive surgical procedures like bone grafting. Regardless of the tooth movement prescribed, when periodontal involvement is present, it is essential to prioritize periodontal therapy before commencing orthodontic treatment. Adequate plaque control is also imperative for successful outcomes. Additionally, utilizing light orthodontic forces is advisable to achieve efficient tooth movement while minimizing the risk of adverse effects, notably root resorption. By adhering to these principles, a more favorable and effective combined orthodontic-periodontal approach can be ensured. The present article describes indications, mechanisms, side effects, and histological and clinical evidence supporting orthodontic extrusion and intrusion in intact and reduced periodontal conditions.

Crowd Movement Type Estimation in Video by Integral Optical Flow and Convolution Neural Network

Crowd Movement Type Estimation in Video by Integral Optical Flow and Convolution Neural Network

Dislodgment Effects of Different Cage Arrangements in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Finite Element Study.

The vertebral cage has been widely used in posterior lumbar interbody fusion. The risk of cage dislodgment is high for patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to use a lumbar fusion model to investigate the effects of cage dislodgment on different cage arrangements after PLIF. Finite element analysis was used to compare three PEEK cage placements, together with the fibula-type cage, with respect to the four kinds of lumbar movements. The results revealed that a horizontal cage arrangement could provide a better ability to resist cage dislodgment. Overall lumbar flexion movements were confirmed to produce a greater amount of cage slip than the other three lumbar movements. The lower part of the lumbar fusion segment could create a greater amount of cage dislodgment for all of the lumbar movements. Using an autograft with a fibula as a vertebral cage cannot effectively reduce cage dislodgment. Considering the maximum movement type in lumbar flexion, we suggest that a horizontal arrangement of the PEEK cage might be considered when a single PEEK cage is placed in the fusion segment, as doing so can effectively reduce the extent of cage dislodgment.

Clinical implications of amathematical-geometrical model to predict changes in the anterior arch dimension.

Anterior arch length (AL) and the alterations in its dimension following incisor movements were shown to be predictable for an individual patient using amathematical-geometrical model based on athird-degree parabola. Although the model has been validated previously, it is hard to apply in daily orthodontic routine. Thus, the aim of this study was to modify the model using different approaches to allow its establishment in daily routine. This retrospective study was based on astudy collective, which was described previously and consisted of 50randomly chosen dental casts and lateral cephalograms taken before (T0) and after (T1) orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. AJAVA computer program (Oracle, Austin, TX, USA) was developed to predict AL changes following therapeutic changes of arch width, depth or incisor inclination/position, taking the type of tooth movement into account. Performing exemplary AL calculations with the computer program, general rules and nomograms were set up, followed by multiple linear regression analyses to establish easy-to-use regression equations. The JAVA computer program is available for download. Sagittal changes showed more effect on AL than transverse modifications. Protruding incisors increased AL, but also reduced overbite. The extent of alteration in AL depended on the initial depth, width, incisor inclination, tooth movement type and distance between the incisal edge and the centre of rotation. The computer program precisely predicts individual changes in AL but is time-consuming. The presented regression equations and nomograms, considering metric variables, are easier to apply clinically and the differences compared to the AL calculated by the computer program are negligible.

7 - Disputas de e por espaços político-identitários: o rap e os movimentos sociais em Cabo Verde

Independent since 1975 and democratic since 1991, Cabo Verde has not escaped the waves of urban protests that plagued African capitals in the second half of the 2000s. Rap, perceived as the new expression of protest by urban youth, consolidates itself in the 2000s as one of the main actors in the Cape Verdean political scene and becomes an important vehicle for mobilizing and building an urban culture of resistance, amplifying these issues. This article, based on an ethnographic research in the cities of Praia (Santiago Island) and Mindelo (São Vicente Island), seeks to answer three questions: on how rap has shown the identity, social and urban contradictions; how it has articulated with other types of social movements; 3) what is the place of women in rap and street politics?

Concept of Child Development Theory Based on Perceptional and Motor Domains

Children's motor development is very important because children are confident in their environment, including when playing with their friends, children who grow and develop without motor skills will become inferior in carrying out tasks related to their skills. The aim of this research is to provide illustrated abilities in completing certain motor tasks, to provide the ability to be able to train children's body movements during motor development and to hone children's fine and gross motor skills. The method used by the author is a literature review analysis. In the process of motor perception, environmental stimuli that are relevant to movement are recognized, appropriate movement information is sent in the form of output to the muscles to produce various types of movement. Up to the fine and gross motoric stages, perceptual motor skills are also very important in improving children's motor skills and academic abilities.

Cross-dataset evaluation of wearable fall detection systems using data from real falls and long-term monitoring of daily life

The evaluation of fall detection systems based on wearables is controversial as most studies in the literature benchmark their proposals against falls that are simulated by experimental subjects under unrealistic laboratory conditions. In order to systematically investigate the suitability of this procedure, this paper evaluates a wide set of artificial intelligence algorithms used for fall detection, when trained with a large number of datasets containing acceleration samples captured during the emulation of falls and ordinary movements and then tested with the signals of both actual falls and long-term traces collected from the constant monitoring of users during their daily routines. The results, based on a large number of repositories, show a remarkable degradation in all performance metrics (sensitivity, specificity and false alarm hourly rate) with respect to the typical case in which the detectors are tested with the same types of laboratory movements for which they were trained.

Research on A Ship Trajectory Classification Method Based on Deep Learning

The unrestricted development and utilization of marine resources have resulted in a series of practical problems, such as the destruction of marine ecology. The wide application of radar, satellites and other detection equipment has gradually led to a large variety of large-capacity marine spatiotemporal trajectory data from a vast number of sources. In the field of marine domain awareness, there is an urgent need to use relevant information technology means to control and monitor ships and accurately classify and identify ship behavior patterns through multisource data fusion analysis. In addition, the increase in the type and quantity of trajectory data has produced a corresponding increase in the complexity and difficulty of data processing that cannot be adequately addressed by traditional data mining algorithms. Therefore, this paper provides a deep learning-based algorithm for the recognition of four main motion types of the ship from automatic identification system (AIS) data: anchoring, mooring, sailing and fishing. A new method for classifying patterns is presented that combines the computer vision and time series domains. Experiments are carried out on a dataset constructed from the open AIS data of ships in the coastal waters of the United States, which show that the method proposed in this paper achieves more than 95\% recognition accuracy. The experimental results confirm that the method proposed in this paper is effective in classifying ship trajectories using AIS data and that it can provide efficient technical support for marine supervision departments.

Deposited footprints let cells switch between confined, oscillatory, and exploratory migration

For eukaryotic cells to heal wounds, respond to immune signals, or metastasize, they must migrate, often by adhering to extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells may also deposit ECM components, leaving behind a footprint that influences their crawling. Recent experiments showed that some epithelial cell lines on micropatterned adhesive stripes move persistently in regions they have previously crawled over, where footprints have been formed, but barely advance into unexplored regions, creating an oscillatory migration of increasing amplitude. Here, we explore through mathematical modeling how footprint deposition and cell responses to footprint combine to allow cells to develop oscillation and other complex migratory motions. We simulate cell crawling with a phase field model coupled to a biochemical model of cell polarity, assuming local contact with the deposited footprint activates Rac1, a protein that establishes the cell's front. Depending on footprint deposition rate and response to the footprint, cells on micropatterned lines can display many types of motility, including confined, oscillatory, and persistent motion. On two-dimensional (2D) substrates, we predict a transition between cells undergoing circular motion and cells developing an exploratory phenotype. Small quantitative changes in a cell's interaction with its footprint can completely alter exploration, allowing cells to tightly regulate their motion, leading to different motility phenotypes (confined vs. exploratory) in different cells when deposition or sensing is variable from cell to cell. Consistent with our computational predictions, we find in earlier experimental data evidence of cells undergoing both circular and exploratory motion.

Elderly Satisfaction and Related Factors from the Physical Structure of Kashan Hospitals

Background: Satisfaction of hospitalized elderly can indicate the success of health system in providing health care. The study aimed to determine the hospitalized elderly's satisfaction and related factors with the physical structure of hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 2022. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 650 elderly admitted to hospitals in Kashan from 2022 to 2023. Sampling was the Convenience method. The developed researchers' valid and reliable questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression tests in SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of the elderly was 71.7 ± 6.2 years. The mean score of elderly satisfaction was 24.6 ± 3.8 points on a scale of 0 to 45. The increasing age of the elderly had a statistically significant with the elderly satisfaction with the structure of hospitals (r = -0.12, P = 0.003). Multiple regression showed that the hospital specialization (P > 0.001) or being general (P > 0.001), marital status (P = 0.001), having movement problems (P = 0.001), education level (P > 0.001) and type of insurance (P = 0.005) as predictor variables explains 36% of the variance of elderly people's satisfaction with the physical structure of hospitals. Conclusion: The inappropriateness of the physical structure of hospitals causes dissatisfaction among the older adults. Hospital specialization, literacy level, marital status, movement problems, and insurance support are related to the hospitalized elderly’s satisfaction. It is necessary reforms the structure of hospitals to increase the satisfaction of older adults and prevent possible risks.

Development and stability analysis of carpal kinematic metrics from 4D magnetic resonance imaging.

To develop MRI-derived carpal kinematic metrics and investigating their stability. The study used a 4D MRI method to track scaphoid, lunate, and capitate movements in the wrist. A panel of 120 metrics for radial-ulnar deviation and flexion-extension was created using polynomial models of scaphoid and lunate movements relative to the capitate. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) analyzed intra- and inter-subject stability in 49 subjects, 20 with and 29 without wrist injury history. Comparable degrees of stability were observed across the two different wrist movements. Among the total 120 derived metrics, distinct subsets demonstrated high stability within each type of movement. For asymptomatic subjects, 16 out of 17 metrics with high intra-subject stability also showed high inter-subject stability. The differential analysis of ICC values for each metric between asymptomatic and symptomatic cohorts revealed specific metrics (although relatively unstable) exhibiting greater variability in the symptomatic cohort, thereby highlighting the impact of wrist conditions on the variability of kinematic metrics. The findings demonstrate the developing potential of dynamic MRI for assessing and characterizing complex carpal bone dynamics. Stability analyses of the derived kinematic metrics revealed encouraging differences between cohorts with and without wrist injury histories. Although these broad metric stability variations highlight the potential utility of this approach for analyzing carpal instability, further studies are necessary to better characterize these observations.

Efficacy of a Novel Respiratory Motion Reduction Block in Reducing Motion Artifact on Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography.

Motion artifacts caused by heart motion during myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can compromise image quality and diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the novel respiratory motion reduction block (RRB) device in reducing motion artifacts by compressing the hypochondrium and improving SPECT image quality. In total, 91 patients who underwent myocardial perfusion SPECT with 99mTc-sestamibi were retrospectively analyzed. Patients (n = 28) who underwent SPECT without the RRB were included in the control group, and those (n = 63) who underwent SPECT with the RRB were in the RRB group. The distance of heart motion during dynamic acquisition was measured, and projection data were assessed for patient motion and motion artifacts. Patient motion was classified into various levels, and motion artifacts on SPECT images were visually examined. The distances of heart motion without and with the RRB were 15.4 ± 5.3 and 7.5 ± 2.3, respectively. Compared with the control group, the RRB group had a lower frequency of heart motion based on the projection data, particularly in terms of creep and shift motion. The RRB group had a significantly lower incidence of motion artifacts on SPECT images than the control group. The RRB substantially reduced specific types of motion, such as shift and creep, and had a low influence on bounce motion. However, it could effectively suppress respiratory-induced heart motion and reduce motion artifacts on myocardial perfusion SPECT, thereby emphasizing its potential for improving image quality.

Head Gesture Recognition Combining Activity Detection and Dynamic Time Warping.

The recognition of head movements plays an important role in human-computer interface domains. The data collected with image sensors or inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors are often used for identifying these types of actions. Compared with image processing methods, a recognition system using an IMU sensor has obvious advantages in terms of complexity, processing speed, and cost. In this paper, an IMU sensor is used to collect head movement data on the legs of glasses, and a new approach for recognizing head movements is proposed by combining activity detection and dynamic time warping (DTW). The activity detection of the time series of head movements is essentially based on the different characteristics exhibited by actions and noises. The DTW method estimates the warp path distances between the time series of the actions and the templates by warping under the time axis. Then, the types of head movements are determined by the minimum of these distances. The results show that a 100% accuracy was achieved in the task of classifying six types of head movements. This method provides a new option for head gesture recognition in current human-computer interfaces.

Large muscle group movements during sleep in restless leg syndrome: neurophysiological and clinical implications.

Recently, criteria have been drawn up for large muscle group movements during sleep (LMM), defined as movements lasting for 3-45 seconds in adults, which are often accompanied by changes in sleep stage, arousals, and increases in heart rate. The aim of this study was to characterize LMM in restless legs syndrome (RLS) in order to better evaluate their impact on the neurophysiology of the disorder and, therefore, the possible clinical implications. Consecutive, drug-free patients diagnosed with RLS and controls, aged 18 years or more, were retrospectively enrolled. Leg movement activity-short-interval (SILMS), periodic (PLMS), and isolated (ISOLMS) leg movements during sleep-and LMM were detected and scored. In total, 100 patients and 67 controls were recruited. All movement measures were significantly higher in RLS. A significant positive correlation was found between LMM and ISOLMS index but not PLMS index in both groups. LMM index showed a significant negative correlation with total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and percentage of sleep stages N3 and R, as well as a significant positive correlation with the number of awakenings, and percentage of sleep stages N1 and N2 only in patients with RLS. No significant correlation was found between either LMM or PLMS index and RLS severity. Different types of movements, including SILMS, ISOLMS, and LMM, play somewhat distinct roles in sleep neurophysiology in RLS. Notably, LMM, a newly recognized category of movements, demonstrates associations with sleep architecture instability and fragmentation, arousals, and awakenings, suggesting potential clinical implications.

A treadmill running research protocol to assess dynamic visual acuity and balance for athletes with and without recent concussion history

Athletes interpret dynamic visual scenes quickly and accurately during physical exertion. It is important to understand how increased exertion may impact vision and cognition following sport-related concussion (SRC).Purpose To examine the effect of a treadmill running research protocol on the assessment of dynamic visual acuity (DVA) and balance for athletes with and without recent history of SRC.Methods Varsity athletes following recent SRC (CONC=12) were compared to athletes without SRC (ATHLETE=19). The DVA task presented a Tumbling ‘E’ target in four possible orientations during random walk (RW) or horizontal (H) motion at a speed of 30°/s. Participants performed DVA trials standing on a force plate (1000Hz) at four time points: 1) pre-exercise (PRE-EX), 2) immediately (POST1), 3) 10-minutes (POST10), and 4) 20-minutes post- exercise (POST20). Performance was calculated as a change in DVA score from PRE-EX and median response time (RT, ms). Balance control was analyzed using the root mean square of centre of pressure displacement (dCOP).Results Both groups maintained DVA scores for both motion types and exhibited immediate exercise-induced benefits on RT. Both groups had similar change in balance control strategy following treadmill exercise.Conclusion Both groups elicited similar exercise-induced benefits on DVA following exercise. A repeated measures assessment following vigorous exercise may provide meaningful insights about visual and neurocognitive functions for athletes returning to sport following concussion.