Types Of Modalities Research Articles

Objects generated by an arbitrary natural number. Part 2: Modal aspect

The set Set(n), generated by an arbitrary natural number n, was defined in [2] and some arithmetic functions, defined over its elements are introduced in an algebraic aspect. Here, over the elements of Set(n), two arithmetic functions similar to the modal type of operators are defined and some of their basic properties are studied.

The Problems Facing the Second Semester Students in the English Department in Learning English Modal Verbs

The present study is mainly concerned with a very important area of English grammar which is “The English Modal Verbs” in terms of the technique of introducing them to second semester students in the English department at the university of Benghazi. The researcher tries to clarify the problems that our students face in learning the English Modal Verbs because of introducing them individually, not as members of three basic types of modality which are Epistemic Modality, Deontic Modality, and Dynamic Modality. The population of the study consisted of ten teachers and thirty students.. The main purpose of this study is to discover the difficulties that our students face in learning these modal verbs which have so many different meanings that make it difficult to learn. Three tools of investigation were used, namely a questionnaire for the sample teachers and a test for the sample students. The analysis of the collected data has shown that both of the sample teachers and the sample students face difficulty. As for students, they face difficulty in dealing with the English Modal Verbs when they come in a context while they could master them in individual sentences. That is because of the way which is used in their textbook in dealing with each Modal Verb individually.

The effect of exercise modality on age-related changes observed during running

IntroductionWith the increase in participation by older adults in endurance events, research is needed to evaluate how exercising throughout the lifespan can affect the aging process regarding gait and mobility. The purpose of this study was to determine how the type of exercise modality one participates in will affect age-related declines observed during running.MethodsFifty-six individuals between the ages of 18–65 who considered running, resistance training or cycling/swimming as their primary form of activity participated in this study. Kinematics were captured using a 10-camera motion capture system while participants ran at a controlled pace of 3.5 m/s (± 5%) over a 10-m runway with force platforms collecting kinetic data. Eight successful trials were chosen for analysis. A one-way ANOVA assessed differences in mean kinematic and kinetic variables of interest between physical activity groups (α = 0.05).ResultsOlder resistance trainers exhibited greater maximal knee power compared to older runners. No other group differences were observed.ConclusionDespite type of exercise modality, regularly participating in exercise has positive effects. This is evident through the preservation of the function of the lower extremity with age, specifically function of the ankle, and its contribution to healthy movement patterns.

Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Management of Musculoskeletal Affections in Canines

The present work done on physiotherapy and rehabilitation techniques of locomotor system in canine practice is very meagre, especially on physical assessment and diagnostic findings of chronic complains of locomotor affections especially musculoskeletal in dogs with failed medical treatment and no surgical intervention was possible. Nine dogs (5 in the age group of >5 years, three of age group of 1 to 5 years, and one in the age group of <1 year) ;6, males and 3 females represented with affections of the musculoskeletal system were included in the present study, amongst which 3 cases were of hind quarter weakness and 6 cases of muscles strain, wherein physiotherapy was employed. All nine clinical cases were subjected to a detailed examination, including comprehensive neurological examination, diagnostic imaging, goniometry and haemato-biochemical estimations. All patients were treated with different types of physiotherapy modalities and rehabilitation techniques and observed the effectiveness of physiotherapy. Physiotherapy management of patients had early and optimal resumptions of functions. The rehabilitation modalities provided meritorious treatment options for symptomatic pain relief in patients, resulting in improved quality of life.

Heterogeneities among credit risk parameter distributions: the modality defines the best estimation method

Comparative studies investigating the estimation accuracy of statistical methods often arrive at different conclusions. Therefore, it remains unclear which method is best suited for a particular estimation task. While this problem exists in many areas of predictive analytics, it has particular relevance in the banking sector owing to regulatory requirements regarding transparency and quality of estimation methods. For the estimation of the relevant credit risk parameter loss given default (LGD), we find that the different results can be attributed to the modality type of the respective LGD distribution. Specifically, we use cluster analysis to identify heterogeneities among the LGD distributions of loan portfolios of 16 European countries with 32,851 defaulted loans. The analysis leads to three clusters, whose distributions essentially differ in their modality type. For each modality type, we empirically determine the accuracy of 20 estimation methods, including traditional regression and advanced machine learning. We show that the specific modality type is crucial for the best method. The results are not limited to the banking sector, because the present distribution type-dependent recommendation for method selection, which is based on cluster analysis, can also be applied to parameter estimation problems in all areas of predictive analytics.

Ground Reaction Force And Electromyograms Of Lower Limb Muscles During Fast Walking

Endurance exercise has been known to be a potent procedure to avoid obesity and its related cardiovascular diseases and to improve glycemic control. Several types of exercise modalities (e.g., walking, running, swimming) are currently utilized, but walking would be most prevalent and accessible. Although general walking is performed around 4-5 km/h, walking at faster speed (fast walking) has been increasing much attention. In previous studies, five months of fast walking increased maximal oxygen uptake and lowered blood pressure (Nemoto et al., 2007). However, the impact of fast walking on mechanical variables as well as muscle activity has not been fully clarified. PURPOSE: To compare ground reaction force and muscle activity between fast walking and running at the equivalent speed. METHODS: Eight males (age; 21 ± 1 yr, height; 172.1 ± 1.7 cm, bodyweight; 62.1 ± 7.0 kg,) participated in the present study. All subjects performed four minutes of slow walking (at 45% of the maximum walking speed, SW), fast walking (at 85% of the maximum walking speed, FW) and running at the equivalent speed from fast walking (Run). During each condition, ground reaction force (GRF) and electromyography (EMG) of seven muscles (gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis, soleus, and tibialis anterior) were evaluated. We analyzed GRF, average muscle activity (aEMG) and integrated volume (iEMG) during contact phase. RESULTS: In the vertical component of GRF, the load of impact (the maximal and the average values) in FW was lower than those of Run (maximal; 150 ± 25 %BW vs. 219 ± 33 %BW, average; 89 ± 12 %BW vs. 119 ± 19 %BW, p < 0.05). In soleus, aEMG during the ground contact phase in FW (25 ± 9 %MVC) was greater than in SW (13 ± 4 %MVC, p < 0.05). However, no difference was found between FW and Run, but iEMG presented higher value in FW (13 ± 5 %MVC vs. 9 ± 4 %MVC, p < 0.05). In tibialis anterior, aEMG was higher in FW (12 ± 6 %MVC) than in SW (6 ± 4 %MVC) and Run (6 ± 3 %MVC, p < 0.05). iEMG was higher in FW (6 ± 3 %MVC) than in Run (2 ± 1 %MVC, p < 0.05), with no difference between the SW and FW. CONCLUSIONS: The ground reaction force during fast walking was lower than running at the same speed, but the muscle activities of lower limb muscles were comparable.

Liver trauma in children with Syrian Civil War: How should treatment management?

Patients with liver injuries should be considered multidisciplinary cases, and the decision to operate should be made according to each patient’s clinical and hemodynamic stability. In this study, we aimed to describe treatment management approaches and appropriate operation times for children with liver injuries resulting from the Syrian Civil War. A total 32 patients who were admitted to a pediatric surgery clinic between 2010 and 2020 with liver injuries resulting from Syrian Civil War were examined retrospectively. Patients were evaluated according to age, gender, type of injury, accompanying trauma, treatment modality, and mortality. A total of 21 patients were injured with shrapnel, while 11 patients suffered from blast effect injury. The mean pediatric trauma score of the patients was 5.2, while the mean pediatric trauma score of the six patients who died was 3.11. Liver suturing was performed in four patients due to bleeding. A segmentectomy was performed in one patient with active bleeding in segment 7. This bleeding was stopped by ligating the branches of the hepatic artery. Two patients who were operated on in Syria and to whom packing was applied due to uncontrolled bleeding were referred to Turkey. One patient with inferior vena cava injury died due to excessive blood loss and instability at the time of admission, and six patients died due to accompanying head trauma and/or multiple body trauma. The main purpose in emergency operations is to stop bleeding. Rarely, however, suturing or even segment resection in the bleeding area may be required.

Do Patients With Non-Viable Myocardium From Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Benefit From Revascularization? A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

BackgroundMyocardial viability assessment is used to select patients who will derive the greatest benefit from revascularization. It remains controversial whether revascularization only benefits patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy who have viable myocardium. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare mortality between patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and non-viable myocardium who underwent revascularization and those who underwent medical therapy alone. MethodsThe MEDLINE database was searched using PubMed to retrieve studies published up to December 2021. Inclusion criteria were 1. studies that evaluated the impact of revascularization (revascularization group) versus medical therapy alone (control group) following myocardial viability assessment; 2. patients who had coronary artery disease that was amenable to coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention; and 3. patients who had non-viable myocardium. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality. ResultsA total of 12 studies were included, evaluating 1363 patients with non-viable myocardium, of whom 501 patients underwent revascularization and 862 patients received medical therapy alone. There was a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (RR 0.76, 95 % CI: 0.62–0.93, I2 = 0) in the revascularization group compared to the control group. There was no association between the type of viability imaging modality and the risk of all-cause mortality (P-interaction = 0.58). ConclusionsThe findings of this meta-analysis suggest a benefit from revascularization compared to medical therapy in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy despite the lack of myocardial viability.

Efficacy and safety of optional parenteral antimicrobial therapy for complicated skin and soft tissue infections: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis

Background:Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) carry significant economic burden, as well as morbidity and mortality, especially when caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of optional antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of complicated SSTIs (cSSTIs).Methods:We searched PubMed, Medline (Via Ovid SP), Embase (Via Ovid SP), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their inception to March 22, 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied the use of optional antimicrobial therapy for cSSTIs. Citations’ screening, study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were independently performed by 2 authors. The primary outcomes were clinical and microbiological treatment success, and adverse events (AEs) were also assessed.Results:A total of 48 trials covering 24,381 patients assessing 20 types of antimicrobial treatment modalities were included. Overall, omadacycline was associated with the highest beneficial effect on clinical and microbiological treatment success and with the largest rank probability based on surface under the cumulative ranking curve values, avarofloxacin was closely followed. Both had, however, omadacycline was related to moderately safety profiles. Lefamulin ranked as the best option was associated with the lowest risk of severe AEs. Subgroup analysis showed similar results. The quality of primary outcomes was moderate to low.Conclusions:The use of omadacycline was associated with higher rates of clinical and microbiological treatment success for the treatment of cSSTIs, with a relative low risk of AEs. Due to the limitations of the included RCTs, high-quality and well-designed RCTs are needed to further confirm the results.

Can Light Contact with the Police Motivate Political Participation? Evidence from Traffic Stops

AbstractHarsh, highly intrusive, personal contact with the criminal justice system has been shown to politically demobilize, but it is unclear whether less intrusive forms of police contact have any political effects. As the modal type of involuntary police–citizen contact is less invasive and more routine (e.g., a traffic stop), it is critical to understand the ramifications of lighter forms of contact. We argue that, unlike harsh police contact, light, personal, police contact can mobilize individuals, under certain circumstances. When a negative encounter with the police—even if it is minor—runs counter to prior expectations, people experiencing the contact are mobilized to take political action. Using 3 years of observational data and an original survey experiment, we demonstrate that individuals who receive tickets or are stopped by the police are more likely to participate in politics. These effects are most pronounced for individuals with positive evaluations of the police, often White respondents.

Point Cloud Compression: Impact on Object Detection in Outdoor Contexts.

Increasing demand for more reliable and safe autonomous driving means that data involved in the various aspects of perception, such as object detection, will become more granular as the number and resolution of sensors progress. Using these data for on-the-fly object detection causes problems related to the computational complexity of onboard processing in autonomous vehicles, leading to a desire to offload computation to roadside infrastructure using vehicle-to-infrastructure communication links. The need to transmit sensor data also arises in the context of vehicle fleets exchanging sensor data, over vehicle-to-vehicle communication links. Some types of sensor data modalities, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds, are so voluminous that their transmission is impractical without data compression. With most emerging autonomous driving implementations being anchored on point cloud data, we propose to evaluate the impact of point cloud compression on object detection. To that end, two different object detection architectures are evaluated using point clouds from the KITTI object dataset: raw point clouds and point clouds compressed with a state-of-the-art encoder and three different compression levels. The analysis is extended to the impact of compression on depth maps generated from images projected from the point clouds, with two conversion methods tested. Results show that low-to-medium levels of compression do not have a major impact on object detection performance, especially for larger objects. Results also show that the impact of point cloud compression is lower when detecting objects using depth maps, placing this particular method of point cloud data representation on a competitive footing compared to raw point cloud data.

Ferroptosis and Its Multifaceted Role in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approach.

Ferroptosis, a new type of non-apoptotic cell death modality, is different from other modes of cell death and has been primarily found in tumor cells. Previous studies have reported that ferroptosis can be triggered by specific modulators (e.g., drugs, nutrients, and iron chelators), leading to increased intracellular lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and iron overload. Recent reports have shown that ferroptosis at the cellular and organism levels can prevent an inflammatory storm and cancer development. Emerging evidence suggests potential mechanisms (e.g., system Xc-, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH), and iron chelators) are involved in ferroptosis, which may mediate biological processes such as oxidative stress and iron overload to treat cancer. To date, there are at least three pathways that mediate ferroptosis in cancer cells: system Xc-/GSH/GPX4, FSP1/CoQ10/NAD(P)H, and ATG5/ATG7/NCOA4. Here, we summarize recent advances in the occurrence and development of ferroptosis in the context of cancer, the associations between ferroptosis and various modulators, and the potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis for the treatment of cancer.

SHREC’22 track: Open-Set 3D Object Retrieval

This paper reports the results of the SHREC’22 track: Open-Set 3D Object Retrieval, the goal of which is to evaluate the performance of different retrieval algorithms under the Open-Set setting and modality-missing setting, respectively. Since objects from unseen categories are very common in real-world applications, we design the open-set 3D object retrieval to expand the application of traditional 3D object retrieval. In this track, we generate open-set 3D object retrieval datasets OS-MN40 and OS-MN40-Miss based on the ModelNet40 dataset, which are collected for the open-set setting and both open-set setting and modality-missing setting, respectively. Both the two datasets include the training set (2822 objects from 8 categories) and the retrieval set (960 query objects and 8527 target objects from the other 32 categories). The categories of retrieval (query/target) sets are not seen in the training set. For each object in the OS-MN40, four types of modalities, including mesh, point cloud, multi-view, and voxel, are provided. Each object in the OS-MN40-Miss is represented with incomplete modality information, which is collected to simulate the retrieval task in the real world. This track attracted eight participants from four countries and 191 runs of all submissions. The evaluation results show a promising scenario about open-set retrieval on 3D objects with multi-modal and multi-resolution representation and reveal interesting insights in dealing with retrieving 3D objects in unknown-category objects.

Phosphoproteomics of three exercise modalities identifies canonical signaling and C18ORF25 as an AMPK substrate regulating skeletal muscle function

Exercise induces signaling networks to improve muscle function and confer health benefits. To identify divergent and common signaling networks during and after different exercise modalities, we performed a phosphoproteomic analysis of human skeletal muscle from a cross-over intervention of endurance, sprint, and resistance exercise. This identified 5,486 phosphosites regulated during or after at least one type of exercise modality and only 420 core phosphosites common to all exercise. One of these core phosphosites was S67 on the uncharacterized protein C18ORF25, which we validated as an AMPK substrate. Mice lacking C18ORF25 have reduced skeletal muscle fiber size, exercise capacity, and muscle contractile function, and this was associated with reduced phosphorylation of contractile and Ca2+ handling proteins. Expression of C18ORF25 S66/67D phospho-mimetic reversed the decreased muscle force production. This work defines the divergent and canonical exercise phosphoproteome across different modalities and identifies C18ORF25 as a regulator of exercise signaling and muscle function.

FILLMORE'S CASE GRAMMAR ANALYSIS OF 'JINNIYAT JABAL KUMANG' FILM DIALOGUES

This study aimed to describe the modalities and propositions in the dialogues of the film entitled Jinniyāt Jabal Kumang based on case grammar theory from Charles J. Fillmore. This is a literary research that applied descriptive-qualitative method. The result of this study showed that from the dialogues there were found three types of time modalities, namely past, present and future; two forms of adverbial modality, i.e.: quantitative and frequency; an a negation modality. Meanwhile, the types of propositions found were the agentive, objective, source, goal, instrument, time, accompanying, benefactive, and locative cases. From the findings, it can be concluded that the case grammar analysis is applicable to Arabic sentence structure similar that of English and Indonesian language.

A data cube modeling method for longitudinal cohort study

Longitudinal cohort study is an effective way to probe into the risk factors of disease and evaluate intervention measures. It has gradually become the mainstream research method in precision medicine, chronic disease management and evidence-based education, and has been deployed in many National Science and Technology Major Projects, which established its specialized cohorts for natural populations, chronic diseases, specialized diseases. The quality of data is a make-or-break factor of longitudinal cohort study. The subjects and test tasks in longitudinal cohort study have dynamic changes over time, and the data generated involves multiple modalities and scales. Therefore, exploring how to model business-oriented longitudinal cohort data will contribute to a unified understanding and governance of longitudinal cohort data, and ultimately improve data quality. On the one hand, because different modal data in longitudinal cohort study have different dimensional indicators, it is difficult to carry out data modeling based on unified dimensional indicators through simple dimensional splicing; on the other hand, the needs of the longitudinal cohort management scenario determine the calculations should be focused on the granularity of individual subjects and data modal types. Considering the above, the traditional multi-dimensional data modeling method based on data dimension indicators and their measurements as basic elements couldn’t be fully adapted to the counting and statistical requirements under the longitudinal cohort scenarios. This paper proposes a data cube model based on MOLAP named SubTaP, which take multimodal data objects as basic granularity. This model constructs a cube structure with three dimensions of Subject, Task and Phase. It can be applied to meet the visualization requirements of longitudinal cohort management scenario and guide the construction of a data information platform for cohort study. At the same time, it helps to build a unified understanding of longitudinal cohort study data among data generators, cohort maintainers, and data users.

Current Trends in the Management of Epithelial Lacrimal Gland Tumors: A Retrospective National Cancer Database Analysis.

Background: Lacrimal gland tumors are rare with data limited to very few large studies. Contemporary strategies like orbit sparing surgeries and neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy remain controversial.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of epithelial lacrimal gland tumors from the 2004-2016 National Cancer Database. Patients were stratified based on the type of surgery (limited vs destructive) and various treatment modalities employed.Results: Squamous cell carcinoma (33.48%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (29.45%) were the commonest histologies (N=669). Comparison of limited (46.33%) vs destructive procedures (53.11%) among 482 patients did not show any survival difference, nor the comparison between surgery vs ± chemotherapy vs ± radiotherapy among 472 patients.Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the commonest types of lacrimal gland tumors seen in our study. Tumor spread from adjacent sites may have contributed to the higher percentage of squamous cell carcinomas seen. The type of surgery or chemoradiation use did not alter survival.

Non-pharmacologic treatment for acne vulgaris

Early rapid treatment of acne vulgaris is mandatory for improving the psychological behavior of acne patients and to avoid the occurrence of post acne scars that are still more frustrating and challenging condition in their treatment up till now. The current first line of treatment of acne vulgaris is the conventional pharmacological therapy including; keratolytics, topical or oral antibiotics, retinoids, and hormonal agents. Meanwhile, the use of this pharmacological therapy is not always beneficial because of poor compliance of the patients, occurrence of side effects of drugs and antibiotic resistance to Cutibacterium (C.) acne with high rate of recurrence. Therefore, non-pharmacological treatment is developed as safe and effective options for treating acne vulgaris. They are applied either as independent treatment modality, an adjunct to pharmacological therapy, or as maintenance therapy. There is no sufficient data on the classification of this treatment category. This review discusses the non-pharmacological therapy in management of acne vulgaris besides efficacy and safety of each type of treatment modality. The most commonly applied non-pharmacological therapies are diet control, counseling, dermocosmetics, comedo extraction, chemical peeling, cryotherapy, chemical peels, platelets rich plasma (PRP), botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNTA), light-based therapy and laser and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Regarding lasers and light sources, they can be subclassified according to their mechanism of action into devices targeting levels of C. acnes, function of the sebaceous unit, or both.

The role of palliative care in relapsed and metastatic head and neck cancer patients in a single ESMO integrated oncology and palliative care centre.

Palliative care (PC) for patients with advanced cancer improves symptom management and quality of life and may promote home deaths. Limited data are available regarding PC in advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The aim of this study was to describe the type of care and modalities of integration of specialized PC in a population of relapsed and/or metastatic head and neck cancer patients, followed in a single institution over 4years. Between January 2016 and December 2019, data on patients with relapsed and/or metastatic head and neck cancer not suitable for curative treatment diagnosed at the Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland were reviewed retrospectively. Site, type and lines of treatment, treatment response, referral to specialist palliative care (yes or no), type of symptoms, tracheostomy and/or feeding-tube presence, and site of death were documented. Comparisons were made between patients benefitting from PC integration vs standard care. Eighty-six patients with relapsed/metastatic HNC were identified, 63 (73.3%) of whom were referred to specialized PC. Patients were mainly men (66, 76.7%), with a median age of 69years (range 44-95). The most common site of tumour was the oropharynx (31, 36%), followed by the larynx (21, 24.4%), oral cavity (19, 22.1%), hypopharynx (14, 16.3%), and unknown primary (1, 1.2%). Forty-four patients (51.2%) were treated with systemic treatment. The median time interval between the diagnosis and palliative care referral was 1.7months. At the time of our analysis, 69 patients had died (58 in the PC group and 11 in the non-PC group). Fifteen patients (25.9%) in the PC group and 4 (36.4%) in the non-PC group had received aggressive treatment (chemotherapy, tracheostomy and/or feeding tube) in the last month of life, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.44). There was no difference in the incidence of home death (19.1% PC group vs 9.1% non-PC group, p = 0.67) or presence of caregiver (69.8% PC group vs 78.2% non-PC group, p = 0.58) between groups, while palliative care was associated with more opioid use (90.5% vs 17.4%, p < 0.0001). Patients in the PC group had a shorter survival compared to the non-PC group (5.7 vs 19.9months, p = 0.0063). This study shows that patients appear to be at risk of receiving inappropriate invasive treatments close to death and of dying in hospital settings. Further research is needed to investigate how early PC may affect decision-making around treatments and improve HNC patients' holistic wellbeing.

Semantic Analysis of Modality in Siin Seereer

The present work is devoted to the semantic analysis of modality in Siin Seereer. The latter is an African language belonging to the West Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo family. It is a language through which the enunciator can express his/her ideas and point of views through the expression of modality. Thus, there are lots of operators used in Siin Seereer language to deal with modality (deontic, epistemic, dynamic, etc.). So, the article aims to highlight the different types of operators used to deal with modality, their grammatical categories, their formations and structures. In addition, the article will help understanding the functioning of Siin Seereer language in general and of the different types of modality, their relationships, their interdependency (if there is any) in particular. However, to find some results, field surveys, interviews and a lot of research will be done.