Types Of Industrial Products Research Articles

Визуальная интерпретация парадигмы управления организационной системой c разнородными производственными ресурсами

The object of the study is developing a formalized mechanism for managing an organizational system that implements complex production activities, including different types of industrial production, and applies the corresponding heterogeneous resources. The subject of the article is an important intermediate stage of this development, which is an abstract interpretation of the optimal management paradigm of limited resources of such an organizational system, proposed earlier by the authors. The interpretation will allow reasonably forming a strict mathematical model of objects and control processes. The management mechanism in any subject area, providing for adopting management decisions by people authorized to do so, must have an ergonomic development and appropriate information support for these decisions. The so-called result information plays the role of such support, that is the information on the characteristics of the current and planned states of the management object in the problem being solved which is the productivity of the organizational system resources. It seems advisable to carry out such ergonomic and information development of the designed problem-oriented management mechanism in the form of a visual interpretation of its substantive concept. The prototype of such interpretation tools is graphic images used in modelling and designing technical systems, developed in this work in the field of management in organizational systems with heterogeneous resources. The article provides examples of their application, demonstrating the possibility of visual representation of the current state of the organizational system and the set of its possible controlled states.

Weld Feature Extraction Based on Semantic Segmentation Network.

Laser welding is an indispensable link in most types of industrial production. The realization of welding automation by industrial robots can greatly improve production efficiency. In the research and development of the welding seam tracking system, information on the position of the weld joint needs to be obtained accurately. For laser welding images with strong and complex interference, a weld tracking module was designed to capture real-time images of the weld, and a total of 737, 1920 × 1200 pixel weld images were captured using the device, of which 637 were used to create the dataset, and the other 100 were used as images to test the segmentation success rate. Based on the pixel-level segmentation capability of the semantic segmentation network, this study used an encoder–decoder architecture to design a lightweight network structure and introduced a channel attention mechanism. Compared to ERF-Net, SegNet, and DFA-Net, the network model in this paper has a fast segmentation speed and higher segmentation accuracy, with a success rate of 96% and remarkable segmentation results.

Disposable screen-printed carbon-based electrodes in amperometric detection for simultaneous determination of parabens in complex-matrix personal care products by HPLC

Parabens are chemicals widely used as preservatives in different types of industrial products. In recent years, the concern about the safety of these compounds has increased due to their endocrine disrupting activity. For this reason, their use is highly regulated and even some of them have already been banned. Thus, methods for the sensitive and selective detection of these compounds are required to control their presence in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. This paper presents an HPLC method with electrochemical detection using disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPE) for simultaneous determination of 6 different parabens in personal care products. Electrochemical behaviour of parabens was studied on SPE with different carbon-based materials as working electrode: carbon, ordered mesoporous carbon and graphene. From these studies, pH, detection potential, and the most adequate SPE were chosen. Due to the wide range of textures and viscosities (e.g., liquid, solid, and semi-solid) of personal care products, adequate sample pretreatments are required before chromatographic measurement. Here, a fast ultrasound-assisted extraction method was applied to simultaneously extract 6 parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, isopropyl-, propyl-, butyl-and benzyl-paraben) from different complex-matrix cosmetic products. Instrumental limits of detection between 20 and 115 μg L−1 were obtained applying +1.0 V (vs. Ag) as detection potential on carbon-based SPE. The total analysis time, including sample extraction and HPLC run, was shorter than 35 min. The proposed method is more versatile and faster than the current available methods and has been successfully applied to determine parabens in commercial samples such as shampoos, body creams, facial tonics, and toothpastes.

Instruments of econometary analysis of the production of certain types of industrial products

Instruments of econometary analysis of the production of certain types of industrial products

Metrological support of maintenance by the technical state of communication means

Modern and prospective communication means are among the most knowledge-driven, high-tech types of industrial products, which are subject to enhanced requirements for quality and efficiency of application. The effective functioning of modern communication means is provided by built-in software, including metrological support. In this paper, we consider the specifics of metrological maintenance of large-scale communication facilities (tens and hundreds of thousands of elements) consisting of separate subunits, the serviceability, maintenance, and recovery of which can be performed autonomously. It is proposed to enhance the efficiency of the by-state-maintenance (also called maintenance by the technical state) by accounting for the specifics of metrological support, establishing an optimal sequence of operations, selecting the measuring instruments in accordance with relevant requirements. To do this, one has to use a combined indicator composed of individual parameters of the tests and the probability of their preferred choice. This allows to assess the technical condition of the communication means with a given probability during a minimal time. In addition, one can estimate the time of maintenance, taking into account the metrological reliability and the probability of correct evaluation of the result of checking the parameters by the measuring instruments. The order of implementation of the obtained results is formalized in the form of an algorithm and an example of their realization is presented.

Creation of new jobs and creativity of the urban space

Over the last decades industries, that affect human capital development, have stepped into the spotlight. Engineering companies, creative and service enterprises have assumed a crucial role in the urban economy and its potential. As for large urban agglomerations, new forms of production and creative class mobilization represent the key objectives due to the reduction or liquidation of the majority of industrial urban enterprises.
 Urban planning as a science is responsive to economic changes. The paradigm of functional zoning has been replaced by theories based on land use intensity, business and cultural activities of population. Hence, the idea is to ensure the polyfunctional operation of industrial, high-tech research companies in residential areas and to relocate housing to areas occupied by old industrial enterprises.
 In this work, the co-authors analyze the phenomenon of the location value in a modern city, regularities that govern the choice of locations for new enterprises; they also suggest approaches to the zoning of urban areas depending on their potential ability to develop new types of industrial production.

OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION TECHNICAL SYSTEMS BY MEANS OF STRUCTURAL-PARAMETRIC MODELING

The modern life of people is characterized by constant interaction with various technical systems. These are various buildings (residential, industrial and social purposes), means of transport (cars, ships and planes), production equipment, household appliances (television sets, computers, telephones, washing machines, and refrigerators), etc.
 A significant number of requirements, often contradictory, both individual and general, are made to the above objects. The first take into account the specifics of these products, and the second are universal in nature. Relevant examples are the immobility of structures, good transport controllability, accuracy of equipment, high-quality images of TVs, computers, etc. This is on the one hand. On the other hand, high reliability, long service life, low cost, etc. The operation of technical facilities is based on processes of various natures. But they also have common properties. These include geometric parameters of shape, size, position and time. In other words, everything around us is located in a certain space and happens in time. Such an extensive theoretical foundation was made to confirm the basic generalizing role of geometric models, including dynamic ones, in the modern automated development of many types of industrial products. The material presented above shows that the search of optimal variants, which are compromise for the existing conflicting requirements, of various technical objects is now an urgent problem of social development.
 One of the progressive directions of computer geometric modeling, developed by the scientific school of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, is structural-parametric shaping. This methodology is quite universal, it is productively applied in the aviation industry, it has been introduced into general mechanical engineering, the oil refining industry, in the manufacture of composite materials, and begins to adapt to the needs of construction. The main purpose of this publication is to expand the scope of this approach through the further development of some of its theoretical provisions.

Construction industry of the Irkutsk region: features of development in the crisis

This article discusses the problems of development of the construction industry in modern conditions. The construction industry has always played an important role in the development of the Russian economy. the dynamic development of the construction industry depends on the dynamics of other related industries: for example, many types of industrial production, transport structures, trade, agriculture and other sectors of the economy. According to the indicators of the dynamics of the construction industry, we can judge the effective development of other sectors of the economy. Effective development of the construction market is an indicator of the development of national economies. Construction is one of the main types of economic activity, as it provides for the creation of new, expansion and reconstruction of existing fixed assets. Due to the developed construction industry, the most important tasks of structural adjustment of the material base of the entire production complex in the country are being solved, as well as conditions for the development of non-production sectors are being created.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРИОРИТЕТЫ НОВОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

The article reveals the dynamics of their growth based on the results of the analysis of the main indicators of industrial development in the Voronezh region. At the same time, regional growth rates exceed the national ones. On the basis of the revealed trend, a conclusion was made about the effective implementation of the regional industrial policy. The intensification of activities in the field of industrial modernization in the region reflects the ongoing industrial policy. It has been determined that favorable conditions for conducting industrial and production activities and the investment attractiveness of a region depend on a systematic approach to the development of industrial clusters, territories of advanced socio-economic development, techno- and industrial parks. The components of the prospects for the high-tech industrial complex, the key directions for improving the regional industrial policy, namely, regulatory and organizational support, the implementation of regional programs and federal projects, and cooperation with business structures have been determined. A special economic zone of industrial-production type on an innovative basis contributes to import substitution and the creation of new types of industrial products. The distribution of regions according to different levels of industrial development in Russia indicates the need to solve the problems of effective spatial planning and placement of productive forces in the country, the use of selective management of the country's spatial development. An important influence on the economic development of the country's regions is exerted by the content of the regional industrial policy and the ways of its implementation.

Astanovskii-Type Rotary Compressor with Sector Pistons

Compressors are widely used in different areas of industry and are among the most common types of industrial products. Therefore, the task of improving existing types of compressors and that of developing new designs of compressors are critical needs. The Astanovskii-type rotary compressor with sector pistons is an example of an innovative type of compressor. The operating principle of such a compressor is described and a mathematical model of the processes that occur in the working cavity of the compressor along with a methodology for determining the performance indicators based on the model are presented. Results of a simulation of the operation of gas and refrigeration rotary compressors with sector pistons are presented and the influence of nonequilibrium regenerative heat exchange of a compressible gas with the walls of the working cavity in this type of compressor is estimated.

Definition of factors limiting the growth of industrial production

Issues related to the formation of new types of industrial production have been relevant in recent years, since it is industry that creates new technologies, products, provides human life and the existence of the state, in this regard, the authors of the study present this work. The transition of the industrial structure from one stage to another allows us to offer new scientific and practical solutions that ensure the development of industrial potential. The work revealed that industrial production in Russia is in stagnation and there are no changes in this area of activity. Based on the obtained data, a factor model was proposed, which made it possible to identify factors limiting the development of industrial production.

In-situ measurement of surface roughness using chromatic confocal sensor

Surface roughness is an important characteristic which affects the quality, performance and lifetime of many types of industrial products, ranging from mechanical and biomedical parts to semiconductors and optics. In recent years, in-situ measurement for surface roughness is increasingly demanded to provide real-time feedback and reduce systematic errors of realignment and repositioning during manufacturing. Commercially available instruments, such as stylus profilometer, confocal laser scanning microscope and coherence scanning interferometer, are limited to a relatively low measurement speed and difficult for in-situ measurement. In this paper, an in-house developed surface measuring system using chromatic confocal sensor was integrated into a mass finishing cell to perform in-situ and non-contact surface roughness measurement. The surface roughness parameters are calculated and evaluated according to ISO 4287 and ISO 4288. From the preliminary experiments, it was verified that the relative error of surface roughness measurements can be kept within 5%.

Statistics of Industrial Production in Russia: Some Observations of Attentive Users

The paper discusses the most important issues related to the calculation of the industrial production index in Russian statistics. The basic methodological principles of calculating this index and their application in the existing statistical reporting are described. Based on the analysis of a large array of data on the production of the most important types of industrial products, the authors define some of the main problems in the formation of industrial production indices, as well as their manifestation in the final results of official statistics, including in 2019. The priority orientations of work are also proposed to eliminate the identified problems.

Strategic outlook in industrial design assessment based on product category

Assessing industrial design is an intricate process of product analysis which aims to establish the quality degree of a product and considers all its implications from technical restrictions to appearance. Industrial design is related to mass produced articles obtained through industrial processes and whether products are articles of adornment or machines, both technical and aesthetic dimensions are relevant and influence the design process. All types of industrial products can be assessed using a numerical method based on the same criteria, however the same principles have a different impact on various types of products. The author proposes a customized approach in order to achieve an objective assessment for different concepts of design.

Comparative Analysis of Modified Granger-Ramanathan and Bates-Granger Methods to Combine Forecasts of the Dynamics of Economic Indicators

Combining forecasts is one of the most effective and well-established methods for improving the accuracy of economic forecasting. This approach allows the use of all available information about the predicted phenomenon contained in individual forecasting methods. Moreover, today there are many approaches to construct weights, through which particular forecasts are combined.But with a large variety of methods for constructing weight coefficients, there are a number of problems, primarily concerning the interpretation of the weight coefficients that affect the accuracy of forecasts. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the previously proposed approaches to modify the most popular methods for constructing the weighting coefficients of Granger-Ramanathan and Bates-Granger, which allow to solve the problem of the possibility of obtaining negative weights when combining forecasts. As well as to compare the accuracy of the results when using data modifications of the methods for combining forecasts with private forecasting methods and with the original methods of combining.All the methods described in the work were used to predict some specific types of industrial products produced in Russia, presented as annual data for the period from 1952 to 2018: steel, coke, plywood and cement. Based on the developed forecasts, the accuracy of the obtained results was compared.As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the combination of forecasts remains the most effective method for improving the accuracy of forecasting, and the modifications proposed by the authors to the methods for constructing weight coefficients deserve their further use in economic practice.

DEVELOPMENT OF A POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR SENSITIVE TO POLYSORBATE 20

Polyoxyethylated sorbitans (polysorbates) are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, but only quantitative determination is used mainly for chromatographic methods. In this paper, the results of the development and testing of a potentiometric sensor sensitive to nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate-20) are presented. An anion of the heterogeneous acid of the Keggin structure (12-molybdophosphate heteropolyacid) was used as a counterion to obtain the electrode-active substance for the potentiometric sensor membrane. Polysorbate-20 does not form cations when dissociating in water and cannot directly interact with heteropolyanion; therefore, a cationic complex of polysorbate-20 with barium ions was previously prepared (similar to the interaction of metals with crown ethers). The resulting ion associate meets the basic requirement for the electrode-active substance of plasticized film polyvinyl chloride membranes of potentiometric sensors (poor water solubility and good solubility in organic solvents). Phthalic acid derivatives (dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate) were used as solvent-plasticizers for a polyvinyl chloride membrane. To determine the optimum conditions for the functioning of a potentiometric sensor sensitive to polysorbate-20, the influence of various factors on the electrode characteristics was studied. Quantitative content of the ionic associate in the polyvinyl chloride membrane, the nature of the membrane solvent-plasticizer, pH of a series of standard polysorbate-20 solutions) on the electrode characteristics of the plasticized membrane of the potentiometric sensor (sensitivity or slope of the electrode function, lower limit of linearity and minimum detectable concentration of polysorbate-20, which can be determined with the help of the developed potentiometric sensor) was studied. The optimal conditions for using the developed potentiometric sensor were found. The developed sensor allows for a short period of time (5–10 min) determining the quantitative content of polysorbate-20 in industrial products at the level 10–5–10‑6 mol/l. The potentiometric sensor sensitive to polysorbate-20 can be used for the development of a potentiometric method for determining the clinical reception of polysorbate-20 in various types of industrial products.

METHODOLOGY FOR AUTOMATIC DETERMINATION OF CONTRAST OF LASER MARKING FOR DIFFERENT MATERIALS

A new methodology for determining and optimizing the contrast of the technological laser marking process has been developed. It can evaluate the quality of the markings regardless of the type of material and the type of laser system. To perform the test analysis, a specialized test field is programmed, which including the change of two of the main parameters influencing the marking process: the linear energy density (LED) and the linear density of the pulses (LDI). Marking of a test field consisting of squares of a certain size is done by means of a raster marking method with a constant step between the lines. The results are processed with a digital camera and specialized software. The maximum blackening is compared with the background of all fields and is juxtaposed with the effective energy needed to obtain a certain contrast. Several consecutive iterations are made, with each of the following experiments excluding the variants with least contrast. Thus, the study consistently brings the result to a minimum working area of the basic technological parameters, providing the user's desired contrast of the marking. The developed author's method of automatically determining the contrast of the laser marking reduces the time for preliminary experimental research and gives a reliable and subjectively absent way of qualitatively marking different types of industrial products.

Aluminium oxide and alumina ceramics (the Review). Part 2. Russian manufacturers of alumina ceramics

The review deals with aluminum oxide ― properties associated with its use, types of industrial products, production methods in a dispersed state, in the form of polycrystalline ceramics and single-crystal products, chemical aspects of technological processes. Part 3 of the review presents Russian producers of alumina ceramics, mainly technical ones, as well as refractory materials and dispersed alumina, data on the composition and properties of products, as well as a short list of the product range. In addition, there are small enterprises and organizations that are engaged in innovation, the introduction of modern alumina ceramics into production. Ref. 7. Tab. 10.

Energy efficiency of industrial facilities as a factor of sustainable development of the country's economy

The article identifies and postulates the importance of energy efficiency issues providing certain principles for the sustainable development of society, the national and world economy. The study analyzed the most energy-intensive types of economic activity - industrial production, which has a significant potential for energy conservation and energy efficiency from all energy consumers. The main indicator in the analysis of energy costs in industry is the structure of the costs of production and the energy balance for the respective types of production. The revealed regularities testify the availability of significant reserves of energy conservation and energy efficiency, which is available in certain types of industrial production: the manufacturing industry, the extraction of useful minerals, and the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. The reduction in energy costs should concern not only technical, but also organizational changes. These recommendations are aimed at increasing the competitiveness of Russian products by reducing the material costs of energy. The most successful way to cope with the task of energy saving and increasing the energy efficiency of an industrial enterprise is the use of modern management mechanisms, including the international energy management standard ISO-50001.

Optimization of Pulsed Nd:YVO4 Laser Marking of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Using Response Surface Methodology

Laser marking is a relatively new marking technique to identify different types of industrial products. It has many advantages over conventional marking techniques, such as no wear of tool, possibility of high degree of automation, etc. Nd:YVO4(Neodymium-doped Yttrium Orthovanadate) class 1 laser with 1064 nm wavelength having power rating of 12 W has been used for marking on AISI 304 stainless steel samples. Input parameters have been selected as laser power, scanning speed and pulse frequency of laser beam. Responses to be measured are marking width and marking depth. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been applied for design of experiment and optimization of responses. Multi-objective optimization has been done for minimization of marking width and maximization of marking depth simultaneously. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy has been done on selected samples to analyze the laser marking process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been applied on experimental data to identify the relative significance of process parameters on the response.