Floor Plan Types Research Articles

Optimization design generation of the rural residential building towards energy saving by using “Digital intelligence” technology

Based on the “Digital Intelligence” technology, the scheme of building design can be automatically generated and optimized simultaneously. However, this method has not been reported, in terms of the optimization design generation by improving the building energy saving potential for the rural residential building. Here, according to the data of floor plans of the rural residential buildings collected from the hot summer and cold winter climate region (China), five types of floor plans were deduced. Firstly, we proposed the method of comprehensive score and weight assignment to achieve the optimum functional layout, according to evaluation indicators of the sum of the helpful and harmful radiations, the energy consumptions corresponding to the individual rooms in various spatial positions and the functional layout characters in the study region. Secondly, the plan configuration was also taken into account to improve the energy saving potential of design building, by using the evaluation indicator of plan-shaped coefficient. Based on the criteria of functional layout and plan configuration, the optimum modes for the five types of floor plans were derived. Thirdly, the component parameters of individual rooms in the design building were optimized by genetic algorithm. This study reveals the principle of the automatic generation of building design in synchronicity with improvement of its energy saving potential, and provides an achievement approach to the strategy of “rural revitalization” and the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” in China.

Study on the relationship between the seated area features and floor plan compositions of open reading spaces in public libraries in Japan

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between the seated area features and floor plan compositions of open reading spaces found in 55 Japanese public libraries completed since 2000. These elements were approached from the viewpoints of floor plan forms, bookshelf area arrangement, seated areas, and seating arrangements in seated areas. As the result of the statistical analyses of 792 seated areas—based on the nature of users' coexistence with the sociopetal, sociofugal, and side‐by‐side viewpoints—eight types of seating arrangement in seated areas and the relationship between seating arrangement types and floor plan types were found.

Spatial characteristics of contemporary prefabricated modular dormitory cells

Prefabricated modular architecture brings diversified opportunities for sustainable university student accommodation. Modern and modular construction systems offer affordable and comfortable housing to students. The housing units form the core construction units of the dormitories. They are made from recycled shipping containers or prefabricated modular blocks that share common characteristics. The accommodation sections of modular dormitories are characterised by efficient sorting of prefabricated cells along horizontal communications. The paper analyses characteristic case studies and defines the predominant floor plan types of modular student accommodation cells. The difference in the layout and operational solutions also results from the specifics of the supporting structures. The aim is to categorise the prevailing floor types of modular accommodation cells and to define the spatial standard of student rooms while maintaining the right measure in the relationship: efficiency ? invention ? user comfort. Attractive interiors can increase the value of college houses. The basis of such projects is to have well-organised floor plans, which are clear and functional, even with regard to their visual effects.

Covid-19 and Functionality: By Providing Social Distancing of Indoor Common Spaces in Residential Building

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, people spent on average around 90% of their time indoors. Nowadays, more than ever, with work-from-home commands in place, it is important that they rethink the design and procedure of buildings. Indoor common space parameters straight affect the comfort and well-being of occupants. After COVID-19 cooperates, occupants are at increased danger for many infections make worse by social distancing. The aim of this study, to assess how to provide social distancing by evaluating the functionality of the plan type on the common indoor spaces in the multi-story apartment buildings in Erbil City. The methodology in this study integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches to increase the accuracy of the research results. This study chose ten different floor plan types of multi-story apartment buildings established on space syntax (software design) analysis, and one primary syntactical indicator is visual connectivity. This research study responds to two questions that discover the effects of functionality in indoor common spaces to provide social distancing of residents. The results determined that the layout design of the apartment space influences the social distancing of areas. Therefore, the results preferred the single-loaded corridor (gallery) plan over other types to provide social distancing post-COVID-19. The research establishes a foundation for future design and offers visions for new study instructions besides findings.

N.J. HABRAKEN의 주거대 이론을 통한 행복주택의 유형별 평면 분석 : 존과 마진 시스템을 중심으로

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the supports theory of N.J. Habraken, one of the methods of analyzing public rental housing applied in the Netherlands, an advanced country, for the analysis of the floor plan of Happy House among public rental housing at present, and to apply the result of examination of the theory by types of floor plans of Happy House. We identified the pros and cons through analysis Method: The research methods of this study are as follows. First, the policies and background for Happy House in public rental housing were analyzed through prior research and various literature. Second, the theoretical contents of N.J. Habraken, a representative authority on public rental housing in the Netherlands, were analyzed among the cases of developed countries in public rental housing. Third, through the analysis of the zone and margin system of the Supports Theory by N.J. Habraken, we studied whether it is possible to apply Habraken’s theory to Happy House floor plans in Korea. Fourth, the advantages and disadvantages were derived using this theory, by analyzing the various floor plan types of Happy House made by government funded LH.Finally, the problems and limitations of the current floor plans of Happy House were evaluated. Result: We could confirm that the current 4 types of floor plans of Happy House lacked in various areas to reflect the needs of vulnerable households. According to the comparative analysis, the marginal space that exists between the zones, especially the Alpha Zone and the Beta Zone, which is equivalent to a private space, can change the composition of the space demanded by individuals. However, such marginal space was only partially present in a 16m² floor plan, and in other floor plans, none of the Alpha and the Beta margins could be found.

Addressing adjacency constraints in rectangular floor plans using Monte-Carlo Tree Search

Manually laying out the floor plan for buildings with highly-dense adjacency constraints at the early design stage is a labour-intensive problem. In recent decades, computer-based conventional search algorithms and evolutionary methods have been successfully developed to automatically generate various types of floor plans. However, there is relatively limited work focusing on problems with highly-dense adjacency constraints common in large scale floor plans such as hospitals and schools. This paper proposes an algorithm to generate the early-stage design of floor plans with highly-dense adjacency and non-adjacency constraints using reinforcement learning based on off-policy Monte-Carlo Tree Search. The results show the advantages of the proposed algorithm for the targeted problem of highly-dense adjacency constrained floor plan generation, which is more time-efficient, more lightweight to implement, and having a larger capacity than other approaches such as Evolution strategy and traditional on-policy search.

충북지역 정자의 보존현황 및 건축특성

In Korea, there are geographically many mountains and rivers. The ancestors have tried to build a pavilion here and continue life with nature. The purpose of this study is to record and analyze the current preservation status and to find architectural characteristics of the Pavilion, designated as a cultural assets in Chungcheongbuk-do. And, it aimed to contribute to the preservation policy of the Pavilion. The research method was to visit the research subject, take a picture and briefly measure it. And, compared and analyzed with existing literature. The result are as followings. Firstly, the types of the locations were classified into three types: ridge of mountain, hill, and a riverside hillside. Secondly, the floor plan shapes were all ‘一’ shape, and the size generally 2kan(二間) or 3kan(三間) front and 1kan(一間) to 2kan(二間) sides. The floor plan types were divided into ‘Maru(廳)’ type and mixed type of ‘room and Maru’. Thirdly, most of maru have Merum(遠音) type balustrades without windows, and in Ondol(溫突) and Maru room, the slender-ribbed windows(細箭窓), the lattice windows(井字窓), the framed panel doors(骨板門), the wooden board doors(板張門), etc. were used. Lastly, most of the superstructure was composed of 5ryang(五樑), and the bracket structure(栱包) was used in Mindori style.

전통 한옥표준설계도의 공간의 깊이와 배치에 관한 연구

The purpose of the study is to compare and analyze the depth of each space in the ‘Kyeongsangbukdo Standard Korea Traditional–House Design’(KSKTH). The scope of study is 32 types in 4 categories(‘― -shape’, ‘ㄱ-shape’, ‘ㄷ-shape’, ‘ㅁ-shape’) of KSKTH. The research results will be summarized as follows : 1)Korea old traditional housing(Hanok) spaces were arranged using hierarchical, scalability, and strict space arrangements through social and cultural properties, but KSKTH was designed to complement the defects of Hanok by securing the independence of our modern apartment type. 2) The more rooms are planned in each floor plan, the deeper the space in each room is, but less integrated. And in this study, the integration was reduced in the order ‘ㅁ-shape’→‘ㄷ-shape’→‘ㄱ-shape’→‘― -shape’ with a small number of rooms. 3) In case of a porch, it is common for the porch to be located where everyone can easily access it, but in this study, it was analyzed that the porch is not a highly integrated space but a low-integrity space. 4) The living room was analyzed as the most central function in most types of floor plans but in the ‘ㅁ-shape’, which has the deepest space due to the highest number of spaces, corridor space that connects each room was the most central function of each floor plan. 5)If there is not much space, level of integration naturally increases but In all types of hanok standard designs, the higher the depth of the space, the higher the integration of the space was analyzed.

경사지형을 활용한 자연형 테라스하우스의 건축계획에 관한 연구 - 판교 국제현상설계경기지구 월든힐스 1단지를 중심으로 -

Nevertheless, 64.8% of our land is located in the hill side, apartment oriented development -which used to construct in flat land- applied to the sloped terrain without considering topographical characteristics and this brought disruption of natural landscape and environment. The solution to this problem, terrace house is the best residential type for preserving sloped terrain and makes good harmony with the surrounding landscape. Housings in Worlden Hills 1 Complex are distributed organically along the irregular contours and correspond with existing natural environment. This complex is consisting of only terrace house residential type in accordance with topographical characteristics. In this respect, Worlden Hills 1 Complex terrace house is determined as worthy of study because it is the first terrace house in Korea which emerged from existing residential format by using sloped terrain and natural landscape. First, housing distribution is linked organically in curved shape and placed in accordance with the natural landscape. Second, floor plan types can be classified into 3 types depend on the contour line. Third, according to the terrace type, people can access from everywhere and they can have their own terrace by dividing room and living room. The last, to adapt sloped topography, deploy single-story terrace house type or maisonette terrace house type in accordance with the slop angle. And furthermore, narrower angle of fan-shaped plan types applied in swirling contour to link organically.

Floorplan Optimization of Fat-Tree-Based Networks-on-Chip for Chip Multiprocessors

Chip multiprocessor (CMP) is becoming increasingly popular in the processor industry. Efficient network-on-chip (NoC) that has similar performance to the processor cores is important in CMP design. Fat-tree-based on-chip network has many advantages over traditional mesh or torus-based networks in terms of throughput, power efficiency, and latency. It has a bright future in the development of CMP. However, the floorplan design of the fat-tree-based NoC is very challenging because of the complexity of topology. There are a large number of crossings and long interconnects, which cause severe performance degradation in the network. In electronic NoCs, the parasitic capacitance and inductance will be significant. In optical ones, large crosstalk noise and power loss will be introduced. The novel contribution of this paper is to propose a method to optimize the fat-tree floorplan, which can effectively reduce the number of crossings and minimize the interconnect length. Two types of floorplans are proposed, which could be applied to fat-tree-based networks of arbitrary size. Compared with the traditional one, our floorplans could reduce more than 87% of the crossings. Since the traversal distance for signals is related to the aspect ratio of the processor cores, we also present a method to calculate the optimum aspect ratio of the processor cores to minimize the traversal distance.

중국 대련시 소형아파트 평면특성

This research is aimed to analyze the basic characteristics of the 16 floor plans of 4 small-sized apartments in DaLian-City. Recently, there are increasing that a small-sized apartments for new younger generation in China. The younger ages intend to got a new floor plan types apartments according to own`s life style. Also, a lot of construction company showed the many types of new residential space design during the last about 10 years, in DaLian City. The research results are summarized as follows: First, all of the floor plan types were `-` shape, `L` shape. Second, there were several co-relational types of space plan between living room, kitchen and dining space. Those are LDK, L K, L DK, LD K. Third, the bedroom of the -floor plan size has an open-space design but over the size of -floor plan the space is closed design. Fourth, The number of bathrooms in all the floor plans is just 1 and it`s placed beside the entrance except for B3, C4. The basic equipments of the lavatory was a toilet, a washbowl, a shower. A bathtub is installed in the floor plans greater than . Fifth, almost all of the characteristics of the spatial interrelation - each room position order - based on the location of the entrance. In particular, almost all of the bedrooms are furthest from the entrance for the most privacy.

Game-theoretic surveillance over arbitrary floor plan using a video camera network

Coordinated multi-resolution tracking over arbitrary floor plan is addressed using a game-theoretic approach. An enhanced radial sweep algorithm is devised to find the polygon of visibility at any point on or inside a polygon that contains vision-obstructing polygonal entities. By sampling the edges of a polygon and edges of any polygonal hole inside that polygon, a two-pass 0–1 programming process is formulated to find a near-optimal set of camera samples that can dynamically cover, at a high probability, area under surveillance in the presence of camera handoffs. Radius Multiplier is introduced to handle partial visibility and is set to 1 by default to avoid insolvability of 0–1 programming problems. As a remedy to excessive redundancy triggered by camera clustering, we set camera redundancy to a fixed value of 3 for any block with concave Valid Area. Branch-and-cut algorithm is employed to solve 0–1 programming problems. Assigning a fixed value to Camera Redundancy of blocks with concave Valid Area, setting Radius Multiplier to a nonzero value, and utilizing secondary utility yielded better simulation results for various types of floor plans. Raising Camera Redundancy of blocks with non-concave Valid Area contributed to performance boost and in the meantime, increased the number of cameras needed.

아파트 단지 내 경로당의 평면유형에 따른 공간변용

The purposes of the study were to try configuring categorization of floor plans of elderly centers located in apartment complexes and to find out the spatial transfigurations regarding floor plan types. The data for the analysis of the study were collected from 56 elderly centers of apartment complexes in Ulsan by observations and interviews from July 3 through 13, 2012. The results are as follows. Firstly, the floor plans of the elderly centers were categorized into six types, which were 2R+L+K, 2R+LK, 1R+L+K/1R+LK, 1RL+K, 1RLK, and 2R+K/1R+K(no living room). Secondly, there were no salient differences among the plan types for the characteristics of physical environment of the centers. The types of 2R+L+K were relatively big in size and two thirds of the centers had gender-segregated rooms. Lastly, spatial transfigurations was found in sixty-percent of the centers, which included change of spatial arrangement, functional change, and functional addition. Interestingly, the more the spaces were segregated, the more the spatial transfigurations were performed in the way for the integration of functions of the rooms.

Perception and Conceptualization of House Floor Plans: An Experimental Analysis

This study examines how people read and comprehend house floor plans, by conducting a psychological experiment. In the experiment, 94 people are asked to classify 48 cards on which various types of floor plans differing along 5 dimensions were printed. Participants’ categorization data are analyzed in terms of (a) which attributes of floor plans people attend to when classifying them, and (b) whether and how people differ in the way of conceiving and classifying floor plans. Results show the existence of (a) a systematic pattern in people’s perception and conceptualization of house floor plans, and (b) group differences among people in the attributes of plans that they think important and attend to in classification. Implications for a housing information search and provision are discussed, particularly the possibility of providing information about floor plans in ways that are tailored to the recipient’s type of information search.

American Vernacular Interior Architecture, 1870-1940

This detailed source book is really an encyclopedia of house types and floor plan types. It describes and analyzes the elements of manufactured interior architecture current in America from 1870 to 1940. Divided into four sections: elements, support systems, design systems, and building types. It explores the dominant design systems in American homes and public buildings. The over 280 illustrations range from windows, stair work, wallpaper, and heating and ventilation systems to bungalows, lighting, and bathroom fixtures. A valuable source for architects, preservations, buildings, interior designers, and historians.

北陸地方県庁所在都市における新築・戸建て持ち家住宅の平面類型 : 北陸地方における新築・戸建て持ち家住宅に関する研究 その2

This paper aims to clarify the planning characteristics of the newly built, detached, owned housing in prefectural government cities in Hokuriku region. First, the 1st floor plan types are classified by the configuration of the housing plan and the lot. As a result, the 1st floor plans are classified into 6 house plan types, that is, "Strip type", "Square type", "Central living type", "Hall type", "Middle corridor type" and "Farmhouse type". These house plan types have a clear relation to the frontage of lots. For example, the plan of Strip type is constituted by the shortest frontage among 6 house plan types, that is, about 3 to 4 ken. The frontage of Square type is about 5 to 7 ken, and that of Hall type is much wider, that is, more than 6 ken. As a result, this paper educes the typical pattern of house plans.