Types Of Electric Motors Research Articles

A Comparative Study on the Performance of Marine Magnetohydrodynamic Motors With Helical and Linear Channels

A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) thruster is a type of electric motors which moves electrically conductive fluids without any mechanical moving parts. In this study, a linear-type MHD thruster is compared with a helical-type MHD thruster that has the same channel length and volume. For this purpose, two analytical models are used to predict the behaviors of these two types of marine MHD thrusters. The analytical model used for the helical thruster is validated by comparison to the experimental data obtained by other researchers. To validate the analytical model used for the linear thruster, a thruster prototype is manufactured and tested. The results show that although the solenoid magnet of the helical-type thruster is much easier to get a higher magnetic flux density than the saddle-shaped magnet of the linear-type thruster, the efficiency and propulsion force density of the linear-type thruster are much better than those of the helical-type one. Therefore, the linear-type thrusters cannot be ignored simply because of the complexity of their coils.

Pengaruh Kinerja Motor Induksi Pada Tegangan Tidak Seimbang Dengan Metode Transformasi Direct Qudrature

Induction motors are one type of electric motors that work based on electromagnetic induction. The problem that often arises lately is the occurrence of voltage imbalances. Unbalanced voltage is a voltage value that is not the same in a three-phase voltage system contained in the electrical power system. On the basis of these problems, it is necessary to conduct research that can analyze the dynamics of the performance of an induction motor. Dynamic analysis is done by modeling a three-phase induction motor using an arbitrary reference frame with the direct qudrature transformation method in Matlab/Simulink. In studies with voltage imbalances up to 5%, electromagnetic torque has decreased by 2.89% to 13.83% and stator current in one phase has increased by 29.1% to 245.8%.

The development status of electric (BEV) and hydrogen (FCEV) passenger cars park in the world and new research possibilities of these cars in real traffic conditions

Major markets across the European Union (EU) are concentrated on rapid development of electromobility. This policy is demon-strated – among others – by recent sales of electric cars: within the past 3 quarters of 2018 – 24.7 thousand electric cars have been registered in Germany, 20.3 thousand in France, 15.3 thousand in the Netherlands and 31.4 thousand in Norway. Unfortunately, only 867 EVs have been registered in Hungary, 469 in the Czech Republic, 468 in Romania, 411 in Poland and 348 in Slovenia. Unit energy consumption of electric cars was often defined in NEDC cycle. In real conditions of road traffic, it may differ from val-ues recorded in a drive cycle. The article presents results of a study on energy consumption of electric cars in Poland along RDE (Real Driving Emissions) testing route in terms of vehicle energy consumption per drive unit (km, 100 km). The use of fuel cells in cars may bring a change in the type of used vehicles in the long run. Both globally and in the EU wide-ranging actions are undertaken to imple-ment fuel cell technology. Also, the infrastructure of hydrogen filling stations is developed. At present the most rapidly developing coun-try in this area is Japan. The article addresses the issue of energy consumption per drive unit by cars equipped with fuel cells as both type of vehicles, i.e. EV and FCV use electric motors. The article also discusses infrastructure development in the EU and Poland, charg-ing and fuelling of the said vehicles, respectively.

Electrical Motors for Electric Vehicle – A Comparative Study

An Electric Vehicle is a vehicle controlled by an electric motor and is run utilizing the power put away in the batteries. Electric Vehicle was fabricated soon after the first DC power motor was introduced and consequently has longer history than a great many people figure it out. Pertaining to the growing innovation in Electric Vehicle system, it has turned out to be critical to get a far reaching comprehension of the criteria connected in determination of electric motors. It is observed that the use of electric motor has been varied from manufacture to manufacture. An expanding biological mindfulness and the lack of non-renewable energy source assets are solid motivations to grow progressively effective vehicles, with lower fuel utilization however without lessening driving solace indicate references by Thanh Anh Huynh et Al, 2018. Hence, various types of electric motors are currently utilized depending upon the power requirement. In this paper, authors provide a comparison of the most popular classes of electric motors being used over the period of time in context with the efficiency, power density, reliability, and size.

Fully 3-D Numerical Investigation of Phenomena Occurring in Marine Magnetohydrodynamic Thrusters

A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) thruster is a type of electric motor which does not have mechanical moving parts and directly converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. In this paper, a multiphysics numerical simulation has been performed to investigate the phenomena occurred in the channel of marine MHD thrusters. In this simulation, all electric, magnetic, and fluid flow fields have been considered 3-D. For this purpose, a marine MHD thruster model with saddle-shaped coils is selected, and its dimensions are determined. Then, this thruster is simulated numerically, and its electromagnetic and fluid flow parameters are studied. In this simulation, the effects of seawater electrolysis and end loss are taken into account. An experimental setup is established to validate the results obtained from the numerical simulation. The results reveal that the nonuniformities of the electric and magnetic fields along the channel have a great impact on the performance of the thruster. Unlike the results obtained in the previous studies, it is shown that the velocity near the electrodes is higher than that near the sidewalls arisen from the higher electromagnetic force close to the electrodes.

Performance of Reciproc Blue R25 Instruments in Shaping the Canal Space without Glide Path

IntroductionThis study assessed the frequency in which Reciproc Blue R25 instruments (VDW, Munich, Germany) reached the full working length (WL) of mandibular molar canals without a glide path. The influence of the type of electric motor (ie, conventional corded or cordless) on the instrument's performance was also assessed. MethodsOne hundred mandibular molars with slight to moderate root canals were selected and randomly assigned into 1 of 2 experimental groups according to the type of electric motor used: conventional corded (VDW Silver, VDW) or cordless motors (VDW.CONNECT Drive, VDW). Therefore, 50 molars and 154 root canals were selected for each motor. Reciproc Blue R25 instruments were used until reaching two thirds of the estimated WL. Then, a size 10 K-file was passively inserted to determine the full WL. No active instrumentation movement was performed with a size 10 K-file. Independently, whether a size 10 K-file reached the apex or not, Reciproc Blue R25 instruments were used to complete canal preparation. When the Reciproc Blue R25 instrument was able to reach the full WL, the case was classified as “reaching the full working length” (RFWL). If the instrument was not able to reach the full WL, the case was classified as “not reaching the full working length” (NRFWL). The chi-square test of goodness of fit was used to verify whether the observed frequencies of RFWL and NRFWL adhered to the expected ones. A 5% cutoff level of significance was considered for statistical assumptions. ResultsReciproc Blue R25 instruments were able to reach the full WL in 304 root canals (98.70%). The chi-square test revealed the observed frequencies of RFWL and NRFWL to be significantly different from the expected frequencies (χ2 = 292,208, P = .000). The frequency of RFWL and NRFWL was exactly the same for both types of electric motors. No instrument fractured, and a single file deformed. In 50 of 308 root canals, a size 10 K-file was unable to passively reach the full WL. From these 50 canals, Reciproc Blue R25 instruments were able to reach the full WL in 47 of them. ConclusionsReciproc Blue R25 instruments were able to reach the full WL in a high frequency of cases. The type of electric motor used did not interfere in the frequency of RFWL cases. No instrument fractured, and a single file deformed.

Project of a universal inverter used to control and supply both AC and DC electric motors

The paper presents the new approach for motor driver constructions and control systems. Authors of the work proposed the device that can control both AC and DC electric motors without any additional hardware modification. In order to meet this goal the universal motor driver has been constructed and some improvements in output waveform modulation system have been introduced. In the paper the three different method of a motor control have been discussed briefly and a hardware setup has been presented. Tests have been carried out for three types of electric motors, i.e. a magnetoelectric DC motor, single-phase and three-phase induction motor. The obtained results in form of output waveforms of current and voltage have been analyzed in terms of harmonic distortion using a popular Fast Fourier Transform FFT and discussed in the paper.

Power Trip

When designing an electric powertrain, vehicle OEMs are faced with a plethora of choices with regard to the type, number and location of electric motors. Leading developers have their say on the debate

Theory and Practice of Creation of Modern Air-Cooling Equipment of General Industrial Appointment

The review of the state of the problem of the design of modern air cooling units (AСU) used in the chemical, oil and gas and metallurgical industries is given. The main provisions of the method of establishment and Newton's method for determining the operational parameters of a heat exchanger are generalized. On the basis of a combination of the methods considered, the design of a small-flow condensate condensation condenser has been developed, its technical parameters and the general model of the equipment layout are given. The main parameters of the units of the air cooling device, the type of electric motor, the diameter of the fan impeller and the number of blades in it are determined. The reasons are formulated, in which, under the conditions of the current production, the heat exchanger apparatus is not optimally organized, namely: the intensive failure of several cooling tubes, thereby reducing the heat dissipation area; contamination by foreign objects of fins fins surfaces; increased vibration in the sections of the heat exchangers due to poor assembly of the units of the apparatus or design errors in the design of the project; increased power consumption by the electric drive, which controls the AСU; incorrectly selected angle of adjustment of the cooling medium flow rate on the louvered device.

Improvement of parameters of the electric motor model of the gearbox mechanism in the transmission of motor vehicles

The article is devoted to improvement of operational parameters of electromechanical automated gear shift gears of heavy trucks and buses, improvement of the design of the actuator of the drive gear control gearbox, optimization of the operation of the algorithm of control of the automated electromechanical gear shift gear. By analyzing information sources, requirements are set for the automated gearbox drive. On the basis of the analysis of existing constructions of the gearshift gears in the mechanical transmission boxes, it was concluded that it is expedient to further improve the electromechanical drive of the gear shift with the actuators on the basis of DC motors, as the most current for use in transmission of heavy trucks and buses. The main disadvantage of such structures at the moment is seen in the lack of universality of the analogues considered, which is to use on gearboxes of different production. This, in turn, negatively affects the cost and reliability of the drive. The dynamical processes taking place in the automated switching mechanism are considered, the mathematical model of the electric motor is investigated and the parameters determined influence the work process, described the types of electric motors used in the technique, the equations used in mathematical modeling are described, the prospects of rational gearbox control are considered. According to the results of the analysis of the obtained results for further improvement, the construction of the actuating mechanism of gear shift with two electric motors of direct current of own design is proposed. It is determined that the proposed new interconnections between the structural elements of the gearshift mechanism allow simultaneously obtaining the required speed of the drive, high accuracy of the adjustment, and provide the necessary effort on the synchronizer. A mathematical description of the working process of the inclusion of transmission by automated electromechanical gear shifting gear is executed. The mathematical model of the executive mechanism of the electromechanical drive gearbox transmission includes: differential equations that describe the operation of the electric motor of the direct current, as well as the equation of communication.Key words: gearshift; automatic controls; mathematical modeling.

Antisipasi Kerusakan Motor Listrik 3 Fasa pada Peralatan Laboratorium Pendidikan dan Unit Produksi Sabutret Menggunakan Pengaman Phase Failure Relay

he 3 phase electric motor is a type of electric motor which is simple, easy to maintain, cheap in price and has a constant rotation, but many requirements must be met when installing a 3 phase electric motor installation. One of the causes of frequent 3 phase electric motor damage is the loss of current and voltage across a phase, if the electrical voltage is lost 1 phase then a phase change occurs in other words the motor works very heavy and fast heat so that the insulation of the stator coil is damaged and short circuit occurs coil so that the electric motor is on fire. One effort to safeguard the 3 phase electric motor is the installation of Phase Failure Relay (PFR), which aims to minimize equipment damage at the Education Laboratory and Sabutret production unit, especially the security of 3 phase electric motors that are widely used in the laboratory. The purpose of designing the tool from this study is: protect one phase loss when the 3 phase electric motor is operating, with this system in the event of loss of current and voltage the phase of the system will turn off automatically, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the electric motor before repairs are carried out, facilitate the process of teaching and learning activities and production in the laboratory. Thus the 3 phase electric motor protection system is expected to contribute to the world of education, especially for students of Agricultural Mechanization study programs and other study programs at the Lampung State Polytechnic. Keywords : 3 phase electric motor protection system, Phase Failure Relay, phase loss, and Phase Angle

Adaptive fourier series speed controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor and brushless dc motor

Permanent magnet motors provide the highest power density and highest efficiency among all types of electric motors. For machine tool components and fast dynamic positioning systems the PMSM motors are commonly used. On the other hand, the BLDC motor delivers a higher torque to size ratio compared to DC motors, making it suitable for applications where weight and space are important factors. The construction of PMSM and BLDC motors is similar. However, they require completely different control approach, (Field Oriented Control for PMSM and Trapezoidal Control for BLDC). In this paper a new adaptive controller for PMSM and BLDC motors is proposed. For this controller a trapezoidal control is implemented and the torque ripple (due to non-trapezoidal back-EMF), is reduced using a Fourier series approach. The proposed controller was implemented experimentally and the results confirm it is effective to reduce the effect of internal torque ripple as well as the speed ripple produced by external periodic torque disturbances applied to the PMSM. Using the Adaptive Fourier Series Controller, the reduction on speed ripple was 2.7% of nominal speed when the first four terms of Fourier series were used, while the standard Field Oriented Control produced a speed ripple of 112% of the nominal angular speed.

Numerical investigation of the effects of magnetic field and fluid electrical conductivity on the performance of marine magnetohydrodynamic motors

A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) thruster is a type of electric motors which does not have mechanical moving parts and directly converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. In this study, the effect of magnetic field intensity and seawater electrical conductivity on the performance of a marine MHD thruster model is investigated using fully three-dimensional numerical simulations. For the first time, all electric, magnetic and fluid flow fields are considered in three dimensions. The effects of seawater electrolysis and end loss are taken into account in all simulations and a simple analytical model is developed to verify the numerical results. It is shown that increasing the magnetic field intensity or the electrical conductivity of the working fluid decreases the electrochemical and ohmic losses of the thruster at a specific velocity. Therefore, a higher efficiency can be achieved at higher magnetic field strengths and higher seawater electrical conductivities. Also, it is revealed the end loss of the channel increases with an increase in the electrical conductivity of the working fluid and decreases with an increase in the magnetic field intensity.

A computer aided educational tool for design, modeling, and performance analysis of Brushless DC motor in post graduate degree courses

The design of electrical machines is gaining more popularity in the last years especially in electrical engineering courses. However, commonly-used teaching techniques seem to limit students' understanding and prevent the attainment of the learning objectives. The competence of this subject can be significantly improved when a practical approach based on the use of computer-aided educational tools is followed. Thus, this paper proposes an effective and user-friendly educational tool, which has been developed and successfully implemented in post-graduate courses in order to facilitate the conception of brushless direct current (BLDC) machines design aspect. At first, a step-by-step design procedure is analytically described and then the main tool's characteristics and capabilities are also presented. Finally, its impact assessment has been conducted and the derived results revealed that its application could be extended to the design of various types of electrical motors and generators.

Sustainability Aspects of Current Market Developments, Different Product Types and Innovative Manufacturing Processes of Electric Motors

There are numerous levers and constraints affecting the sustainability of electric motors. While previous work mostly focuses on individual energy and resource efficiency potentials within single phases of the motor’s lifecycle, this paper summarizes sustainability aspects from three different perspectives, namely from the market, product and process view. The first part of this paper analyzes the electric motor market to emphasize the significance of this industry and to outline the importance of state-regulated efficiency classes. The second part provides an overview of the range of electric motor types and their sustainability characteristics. The third part contains an analysis of manufacturing processes in terms of energy and resource efficiency by pointing out appropriate key figures and optimization approaches. In doing so, the connection of the three perspectives market, product and processes offers a holistic view on sustainability aspects of electric motors.

Расчет механической характеристики тягового электродвигателя электрической трансмиссии транспортного средства

Research objective of this article is the ultimate mechanical characteristics estimation of the traction motor electric transmission of the vehicle by example of car. The author pointed parameters required for the calculation ofthe limit mechanical characteristics. In the article, the author gives basic types of electric motors used as traction motor: DC motor, asynchronous motor with squirrel cage rotor, synchronous motor with permanent magnet and switch reluctance motor. Main advantages and disadvantages of traction electric motor used for electric transmission of vehicle are given. The author give forces acting on the vehicle. The traction balance based on these forces are given. The author justifies, that the best of curve type of ultimate of mechanical characteristics is the hyperbole. The author proposes to calculate the key points of hyperbole in accordance with operational parameters. The driving cycles, used for determining of fuel consumption and power reserve, are discussed in the article. The author considers it necessary to use modern test driving cycle WLTC for calculate of mechanical characteristics of traction electric motor for determine some parameters of vehicle and main mechanical characteristics of electric traction motor.

Analysis of Engine Propeller Matching of DC Motor as a Main Propulsion

The development of ship always searches through the most benefits system for reducing costs of propulsion system without increase pollution. Diesel propulsion system or also known as conventional propulsion system is efficient but requires high operating costs and increase high level of marine pollution. Electrical propulsion system is using electric motors as the prime mover of the propeller. There are 2 types of electric motors that will be used for research of electric propulsion system, there are; DC motors and three-phases induction motor. As the use of DC motor as a prime mover for this electrical propulsion system, this study determines the characteristic between voltage terminal with torque and also field current with torque. It results that torque produced by the DC motor is in the same magnitude with the speed (RPM). The higher the speed have shaped the value of the torque. The input and terminal voltages adjusts all variables and results. In this study, different field voltage creates different pattern of motor envelope. Its manner to propeller curve occurs total different results. With field voltage of 50 V, the ranges of motor envelope immoveable in the point of 150% of present speed and 160%. While field voltage of 60 V serves larger ranges of motor envelope which possible to reach further than 50 V curve.

Methods for Improving the Quality of Electric Power in the Unified Marine Power Systems

At present, the unified electric-power systems using multilevel converters, Azipod systems, various types of screw-rotor columns, and new types of electric motors have become widespread. These power systems make it possible to provide high quality of consumed power, as well as to increase the reliability and maneuverability of marine vessels. In this paper, the requirements for modern unified electric-power systems and the methods to control electricity parameters have been considered.

Noise-Vibration-Harshness-Modeling and Analysis of a Permanent-Magnetic Disc Rotor Axial-Flux Electric Motor

A drive-system-based modeling approach for electromagnetically excited noise-vibration-harshness (NVH) simulation of a disc rotor permanent-magnetic axial-flux synchronous motor is introduced. The electric motor type requires a 3-D finite-element (FE)-based modeling for electrodynamics and magnetomechanical coupling. The methodic focus relies on orthogonal 3-D Fourier-representations for structural modal displacements and for magnetic force densities. The application of Galerkin-projection based on a supermesh construction between source FE meshes to equidistant 3-D grids is hereby required. A significant data reduction for model parametrization is achieved and a low-rank domain coupling matrix, including a high technical interpretability, is derived. Thus efficient NVH simulations of operation cycles including inverter and control influences can be performed within an order-reduced formulation. This paper is the first to derive a fully 3-D FE-based NVH analysis workflow for electric machines under realistic operating conditions for a routine industrial applicability. The high validity of the methodology is proven by a good agreement to real world measurements.

Determining the observer parameters for back EMF estimation for selected types of electrical motors

AbstractIn the paper a procedure for determining the observer parameters for selected types of electrical motors is discussed. The procedure is based on the identity observer developed by Luenberger. The paper presents determining the parameters using calculation examples for the DC motor and also for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which utilize the extended state vector to estimate the back electromotive force (BEMF). Presented observer for PMSM does not need to use the information about load torque. The main task of this study is to show how to utilize these general theory to a specified type of motors. Such procedure avoids the use of time-consuming methods of the parameters selection, which are based on random algorithms or the computational intelligence.