Dual Type Research Articles

An ADMM-based SQP method for separably smooth nonconvex optimization

This work is about a splitting approach for solving separably smooth nonconvex linearly constrained optimization problems. Based on the ideas from two classical methods, namely the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), we propose an ADMM-based SQP method. We focus on decomposing the quadratic programming (QP) subproblem of the primal problem into small-scale QP subproblems, which further embedded with Bregman distances can be solved effectively and followed by a dual ascent type update for the Lagrangian multipliers. Under suitable conditions as well as the crucial Kurdyka–Łojasiewicz property, we establish the global and strong convergence properties of the proposed method.

Hydrogen bonding induces dual porous types with microporous and mesoporous covalent organic frameworks based on bicarbazole units

Although the topologies of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be controlled mainly by varying the symmetries of the building blocks condensed to form the structures, another approach is to change the structures of blocks but retain the same symmetries. The construction of a single COF featuring pores of different sizes from two symmetrical building blocks remains extremely difficult. In this paper, we report an investigation into the effect of hydrogen bonding on the topological regulation of two-dimensional COFs as a new approach for managing their properties. Our strategy involved introducing pristine and substituted diamine monomers—benzidine (BD) and 1,4-dihydroxybenzidine (DHBD)—into the skeleton of bicarbazole-based COFs. The constructed bicarbazole-based COFs, Cz-BD and Cz-DHBD, were designed using a (C 2 + C 2 ) geometry strategy and synthesized through Schiff-base condensations of bicarbazole-4CHO and the benzidine derivatives. The resulting COFs featured two different topologies: Cz-BD COF possessing a single type of pore having a tetragonal structure, and Cz-DHBD COF possessing a Kagome structure featuring two types of pores (one hexagonal and the other triangular with mesoporous and microporous structure, induced by intramolecular OH ⋯ N hydrogen bonding). These COFs exhibited high crystallinity, great thermal stability, and large surface areas, as well as synergistic structural effects and high-performance CO 2 uptake. • Cz-BD COF possessing a single type of pore having a tetragonal structure. • Cz-DHBD COF possessing a Kagome structure featuring two types of pores. • One hexagonal with mesoporous and the other triangular with microporous structure induced by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. • These COFs exhibited high crystallinity, thermal stability, and large surface areas, and high-performance CO 2 uptake.

Identification of magnetic minerals in the peatlands cores from Lake Diatas West Sumatra, Indonesia

Peatlands in Lake Diatas can store various types of minerals. One of the mineral phases that can be found in peatlands are magnetic minerals derived from volcanic eruptions. This study was used to determine concentration of magnetic minerals found in peatlands. We applied the rock magnetism method, measuring the magnetic susceptibility of peat sediments to estimate the concentration of magnetic minerals within a peat core. Bartington Magnetic Susceptibility Meter type MS2C and dual frequency MS2B types, namely 470 Hz and 4.7 k Hz. In this study we analysed the magnetic susceptibility of core Diatas REP B at depths of 0-170 m and 240-720 m. From MS2B the values of low frequency magnetic susceptibility (χif )and high frequency magnetic susceptibility (χhf ) are obtained. The magnetic susceptibility values ranged from 365,2 × 10−8 m3/kg to 386,8 × 10−8 m3/kg and the value of magnetic susceptibility depends on frequency (%χfds ) range between 0,6 % - 1,3%. These low values indicate that almost no superparamagnetic grains are present. We identified a positive peak in magnetic susceptibility 386,8 × 10−8 m3/kg at 693 cm, whereas the lowest values were messured 365,2 × 10−8 m3/kg at 675 cm. Based on the value of magnetic susceptibility, the dominant magnetic mineral phases are Hematite (Fe2O3) and ilmenite (FeTiO3).

When Linguistic Elements Contribute to Conceptual Dynamics: The Case of Chinese Students’ Pre-instructional Ideas About the Earth

In this study, we explore how cross-linguistic differences can contribute to children’s scientific thinking. We compared first and third grade Chinese students’ pre-instructional ideas of the earth expressed in clinical interviews with that of their English-speaking and Greek-speaking counterparts (as recorded in the literature). Inspired by a “Complex Dynamic Systems” (CDS) theoretical perspective on cognition and by the literature on “linguistic relativity” we hypothesized that in cases when two language systems offer greatly different linguistic elements, differences can be expected in how these elements interact with other types of conceptual elements. Consequently, such changes in dynamics may lead to variations in system-level conceptual structures emerging from native speakers of different languages. Our findings showed that (1) Chinese students held no flat or dual earth type of pre-instructional ideas about the earth; (2) Chinese students provided significantly more sphere-based responses than their American and Greek counterparts when responding to questions directly addressing the shape of the earth; (3) such cross-linguistic differences largely vanished for questions not directly getting at the shape of the earth, resulting in high frequency of inconsistency when responses to all the interview questions were interpreted as a whole. We discuss the significance and possible implications of these results for research on cross-cultural conceptual development and for teaching and learning science.

Antibacterial activity of novel dual bacterial DNA type II topoisomerase inhibitors.

In this study, a drug discovery programme that sought to identify novel dual bacterial topoisomerase II inhibitors (NBTIs) led to the selection of six optimized compounds. In enzymatic assays, the molecules showed equivalent dual-targeting activity against the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Consistently, the compounds demonstrated potent activity in susceptibility tests against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative reference species, including ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. The activity of the compounds against clinical multidrug-resistant isolates of S. aureus, Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter baumannii, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, E. coli and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. was also confirmed. Two compounds (1 and 2) were tested in time-kill and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) assays. Compound 1 was bactericidal against all tested reference strains and showed higher activity than ciprofloxacin, and compound 2 showed a prolonged PAE, even against the ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus BAA-1720 strain. Spontaneous development of resistance to both compounds was selected for in S. aureus at frequencies comparable to those obtained for quinolones and other NBTIs. S. aureus BAA-1720 mutants resistant to compounds 1 and 2 had single point mutations in gyrA or gyrB outside of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR), confirming the distinct site of action of these NBTIs compared to that of quinolones. Overall, the very good antibacterial activity of the compounds and their optimizable in vitro safety and physicochemical profile may have relevant implications for the development of new broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Molecular epidemiology of norovirus outbreaks in Argentina, 2013-2018.

Noroviruses are a leading cause of endemic and epidemic acute gastroenteritis in all age groups. However, in Latin America, there are limited and updated data regarding circulating genotypes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of norovirus outbreaks in Argentina from 2013 to 2018. Stool samples from 29 acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks were available for viral testing. Norovirus was detected in samples from 18 (62.1%) outbreaks (2 GI and 16 GII). Both GI outbreaks were typed as GI.6[P11] whereas 10 different GII genotypes were detected, in which GII.4 viruses were the most frequently detected (29.4%, associated with GII.P31 and GII.P16) followed by GII.1[P33] and GII.6[P7] (17.6% each). Like GII.4 viruses, GII.2 viruses were also detected in association with different polymerases (GII.P2 and GII.P16). Our findings underscore the importance of dual RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-VP1 typing since recombinant strains with new polymerase sequences emerge frequently suggesting a possible role in improved fitness of these viruses. This study represents the most recent multi-year assessment of the molecular epidemiology of norovirus strains associated with AGE outbreaks in Argentina. Molecular surveillance of norovirus has to be considered to monitor possible changes in dominant genotypes which may assist to inform the formulation of future vaccines.

A Study on Seoujesori, Jeju Folksong Menuscripted Collection by John Levy, in 1960's

This study aims to find out modal characteristics of Jeju folksongs and to suggest a teaching and learning idea on Seoujesori. But Jeju folksongs have not yet established the concept of ‘Jeju tori’ that defines their musical features. So I would examine for the genre characteristics of Seoujesori in Jeju folksong menuscripted collection by John Levy, in 1960 s, furthermore it would be compared with academic results in this fields. After searching for a problems, it finally proposes a modal characteristics of Jeju folksongs and suggest teaching point about Seoujesori. As a result, the summary of this paper is as following: Seoujesori is a representative folksong derived from shaman song in Jeju area. It is same case as Changbutaryeong, Noraegarak in Gyeonggi province. Therefore, it has singing culture more dual purpose among the people of Jeju, for example, shaman ritual song, weeding song, fisherwomen song and so on. It has a 4✕4 rhyme narration with theme related of praying, blessing, elegance etc. but text is very flexible. In form, it has dual type, former is normal tempo sung by Gutgeori, Gin Seoujesori, another is little fast tempo sung by almost Jajinmori, Jajin Seoujesori. Also it sung by Megigobutneunsori, call and response form, that composed 2 Jangdan calling and 2 Jangdan respond(refrain). The melodic contour of Jeju folksong is a descending line starting with a high point, similar to that of Gyeonggi province. Jeju folksongs are commonly set on an anhemitonic pentatonic scale structure. Especially Do Re Mi Sol La scale mode of Seoujesori is assumed a indigenous modal characteristic element but it couldn t be find out in main Korean territory. Lastly I would like to emphasize that it need to be watch in using music material, text and score of Seoujesori in publishing of music textbook for prevent to confuse in school.

Dual protease type XIII/pepsin digestion offers superior resolution and overlap for the analysis of histone tails by HX-MS

The N-terminal regions of histone proteins (tails) are dynamic elements that protrude from the nucleosome and are involved in many aspects of chromatin organization. Their epigenetic role is well-established, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) present on these regions contribute to transcriptional regulation. While hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HX-MS) is well-suited for the analysis of dynamic structures, it has seldom been employed to analyze histones due to the poor N-terminal coverage obtained using pepsin. Here, we test the applicability of a dual protease type XIII/pepsin digestion column to this class of proteins. We optimize online digestion conditions using the H4 monomer, and extend the method to the analysis of histones in monomeric states and nucleosome core particles (NCPs). We show that the dual protease column generates many short and overlapping N-terminal peptides. We evaluate our method by performing hydrogen exchange experiments of NCPs for different time points and present full coverage of the tails at excellent resolution. We further employ electron transfer dissociation and showcase an unprecedented degree of overlap across multiple peptides that is several fold higher than previously reported methods. The method we report here may be readily applied to the HX-MS investigation of histone dynamics and to the footprints of histone binding proteins on nucleosomes.

The numerical investigation of a planar single chamber solid oxide fuel cell performance with a focus on the support types

Single chamber solid oxide fuel cells (SC-SOFCs) could be an alternative to the conventional dual chamber types since they do not need any sealant and electrolyte crack growth does not lead to failure in performance. However, the reduced reactant activity due to spectator species present at anode and cathode results in a significantly decreased performance. The focus of this paper is to present a comparative study on the performance of single-chamber anode-, cathode, and electrolyte-supported cells. Our results show that anode-supported cells offer significantly better performance compared to electrolyte-supported cells. The cathode-supported cells show a similar performance to anode-supported cell close to open circuit voltages, i.e. voltages above 0.92 V, after which the cell current density decreases due to lack of oxygen at the cathode catalyst layer. Finally, a time-dependent performance study of the cathode-supported cell concept is presented and discussed.

On Roth type conditions, duality and central Birkhoff sums for i.e.m.

We introduce two Diophantine conditions on rotation numbers of interval exchange maps (i.e.m) and translation surfaces: the \emph{absolute Roth type condition} is a weakening of the notion of Roth type i.e.m., while the \emph{dual Roth type} condition is a condition on the \emph{backward} rotation number of a translation surface. We show that results on the cohomological equation previously proved in \cite{MY} for restricted Roth type i.e.m. (on the solvability under finitely many obstructions and the regularity of the solutions) can be extended to restricted \emph{absolute} Roth type i.e.m. Under the dual Roth type condition, we associate to a class of functions with \emph{subpolynomial} deviations of ergodic averages (corresponding to relative homology classes) \emph{distributional} limit shapes, which are constructed in a similar way to the \emph{limit shapes} of Birkhoff sums associated in \cite{MMY3} to functions which correspond to positive Lyapunov exponents.

On Roth type conditions, duality and central Birkhoff sums for i.e.m.

We introduce two Diophantine conditions on rotation numbers of interval exchange maps (i.e.m) and translation surfaces: the \emph{absolute Roth type condition} is a weakening of the notion of Roth type i.e.m., while the \emph{dual Roth type} condition is a condition on the \emph{backward} rotation number of a translation surface. We show that results on the cohomological equation previously proved in \cite{MY} for restricted Roth type i.e.m. (on the solvability under finitely many obstructions and the regularity of the solutions) can be extended to restricted \emph{absolute} Roth type i.e.m. Under the dual Roth type condition, we associate to a class of functions with \emph{subpolynomial} deviations of ergodic averages (corresponding to relative homology classes) \emph{distributional} limit shapes, which are constructed in a similar way to the \emph{limit shapes} of Birkhoff sums associated in \cite{MMY3} to functions which correspond to positive Lyapunov exponents.

Seasonal Variation of Electric Vehicles Autonomy: Application to AC/DC Dual Voltage Operation

In this work, a study to predict battery performance and autonomy for a dual type of electric engine, 480 VAC and 360 VDC, has been developed. The study has been conducted in vehicles of mass between 1000 and 3000 kg with battery capacity in the range of 40 to 100 kWh. The process has been simulated using reference values and modeled for specific driving conditions. The simulation has been developed for a daily cycle in urban routes and includes five different steps, normal running at constant speed, acceleration, deceleration, ascending and descending road. The paper studies the energy use by the engine and auxiliary systems of an electric vehicle, with especial attention to the seasonal distribution of energy consumption of the latter ones. Linear relations have been developed to determine the energy use and engine power demand as well as charge, current and power drained from the battery as a function of the mass of the vehicle. The obtained algorithms have demonstrated a very good regression coefficient, better than 99.5%, proving the validity of the method. The predicted values from the simulation are in very good agreement with reference values from car manufacturers, within 96% of accuracy.

3kW급 소형 풍력발전용 이중고정자형 발전기의 코깅토크 저감을 위한 고정자 치조합 설계

3kW급 소형 풍력발전용 이중고정자형 발전기의 코깅토크 저감을 위한 고정자 치조합 설계

Statically admissible finite element solution of the thin plate bending problem with a posteriori error estimation

SUMMARYTwo triangular elements of class C0 developed on the basis of the principle of complementary work are applied in the static analysis of a thin plate. Some techniques to widen the versatility of the equilibrium approach for the finite element method are presented. Plates of various shapes subjected to diverse types of loading are considered. The results are compared with outcomes obtained by use of the displacement‐based finite element method. By use of these two dual types of solutions, the error of the approximate solution is calculated. The lower and upper bounds for the strain energy are found.

Magnetic and silver nanoparticle functionalized calcium carbonate particles—Dual functionality of versatile, movable delivery carriers which can surface-enhance Raman signals

Multifunctional probes play an increasing role even beyond applications in biomedicine. Multifunctionality introduced by the dual types of complementary probes is always attractive because, in this case, functionalized objects inherit the function of both materials. Porous calcium carbonate microparticles are becoming popular carriers of biomolecules and biosensors, as well as imaging enhancers. We demonstrate here a dual function of these carriers by incorporating both magnetic and silver nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles enable movements and displacements by a magnetic field, while silver nanoparticles provide surface-enhanced Raman signal amplification necessary for the detection of biomolecules. Application of such dual-functional carriers is foreseen beyond the applications of biomedicine and theranostics.

Dual univariate interpolatory subdivision of every arity: Algebraic characterization and construction

A new class of univariate stationary interpolatory subdivision schemes of dual type is presented. As opposed to classical primal interpolatory schemes, these new schemes have masks with an even number of elements and are not step-wise interpolants. A complete algebraic characterization, which covers every arity, is given in terms of identities of trigonometric polynomials associated to the schemes. This characterization is based on a necessary condition for refinable functions to have prescribed values at the nodes of a uniform lattice, as a consequence of the Poisson summation formula. A strategy for the construction is then showed, alongside meaningful examples for applications that have comparable or even superior properties, in terms of regularity, length of the support and/or polynomial reproduction, with respect to the primal counterparts.

Morphometric Evaluation of Phenotypic Groups of Creole Cattle of Southern Ecuador

The breeding of creole cattle from the southern region of Ecuador, also known as Criollo Lojano, is a source of economic support and work for the communities located in the remote areas of the Andes mountains in this region. These cattle are grouped into four biotypes based on their phenotypic characteristics: Negro Lojano, Encerado, Colorado, and Cajamarca or Pintado. This study analyzes the morphometric variability of these creole cattle using least squares means (LSM) and restricted maximum likelihood Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) variance components. The evaluation parameters used to characterize these cattle were live weight plus 15 morphometric characteristics and nine morphometric indexes. The measurements came from 151 adult animals (28 male and 123 females). With the exception of Height at Withers (P = 0.06), the other morphometric characteristics do not show significant difference among these creole biotypes. Sexual dimorphism was found in live weight, thoracic circumference, height at withers, chest width, length of thorax, length of body, depth of thorax, depth of abdomen, length of head, and length of horns (P < 0.05). The adult Creole Lojano has an average live weight of 288 ± 12.9 kg (mean ± standard error), The Cephalic index is 45.6, the Corporal index is 115.9, the Pelvic index is 90.5, the Thoracic index is 58.3, the Proportionality index is 62.6, the Thoracic Capacity index is 2.1, the Lower Leg–Thoracic index is 9.9, the Transverse Pelvic index is 34.7, and the Pelvic Length index is 38.4. This creole bovine breed presents 4 biotypes that are similar; there are differences in the analysis with respect to sex (males are higher in 10 of the 16 characteristics analyzed); and on the basis of the indexes, this animal is small, has a triangular head, is longilinear with a long and narrow hip. It is a dual-purpose milk type with the exception of the Colorado biotype which is a dual purpose meat type.

Minimax Design of Constant Modulus MIMO Waveforms for Active Sensing

Waveform optimization is a crucial step in the design of a multiple-input multiple-output system. This letter considers the joint optimization of constant modulus waveforms and mismatched (or matched) receive filters to suppress the auto- and cross correlations using the minimax ( $\ell _{\infty }$ -norm) design criterion. For practical waveform length and system size, the waveform design problem becomes quite challenging due to the large problem size (more than $10^5$ unimodular complex variables and $10^7$ nonlinear constraints). In addition to the large size, this problem is nonconvex, nonsmooth, and as such, cannot be handled effectively by the existing waveform design algorithms or off-the-shelve optimization tools. This letter develops an efficient primal–dual type algorithm with low per-iteration complexity to solve this problem. Numerical comparison shows that the waveforms based on the minimax design outperform those obtained from the existing $\ell _2$ -norm design by 4–5 dBs in terms of peak sidelobe levels.

Reliability improvement of electrically active defect investigations by analytical and experimental deep level transient: Fourier spectroscopy investigations

Abstract This article discusses the importance of analytical and experimental approaches in Deep level transient Fourier spectroscopy in terms of reliability, to support the current research and the utilization of this technique for complex investigations. An alternative evaluation approach is proposed and validated by relevant experiments. Attention is focused on a GaAs p-i-n structure, the undoped layer induced defect conduction type statement difficulty, accurate evaluation of a dual type majority-minority carrier defect complex and possible limitations of the DLTS experimental technique. Comprehensive evaluation is carried out and the method is discussed in detail. In comparison with reference data, higher precision of calculated activation energies, differences even lower as 10−3 order of magnitude, were achieved.

Oxygen Deficient TiO2−x with Dual Reaction Sites for Activation of H2O2 to Degrade Organic Pollutants

The present study reports the development of a novel defective TiO2−x catalyst with oxygen vacancy (OV) which carries dual types of reaction sites for H2O2 activation. The performance of this catalyst on the degradation of organic pollutants was evaluated using organic dyes [such as methyl orange, methylene blue, and rhodamine B (RhB)] as model pollutants. The defects in TiO2−x exhibited a wide pH working window (pH 2–9) for RhB degradation which is wider than that of traditional Fenton systems. Furthermore, this catalyst retained its high catalytic activity even after five cycles. It was confirmed that the surface OV and Ti3+ of TiO2−x served as the active sites for H2O2 activation while the oxygen vacancy promoted adsorption of the organic pollutants, thus enhancing the Fenton-like catalytic performance. The results are applicable to Fenton catalysts via surface engineering and can stimulate new opportunities for the optimization of defect-type Fenton catalysts. This study, reports the defect of TiO2−x oxygen vacancy (OV) catalyst with oxygen vacancy (OV) which carries dual types of reaction sites for H2O2 activation. The performance of this catalyst on the degradation of organic pollutants was evaluated using organic dyes [such as methyl orange, methylene blue, and rhodamine B (RhB)] as model pollutants. The defects in TiO2−x exhibited a wide pH working window (pH 2–9) for RhB degradation which is wider than that of traditional Fenton systems. Figure shows the schematic of the reaction mechanism. First, H2O2 adsorbs on the TiO2−x surfaces; consequently, the OV and Ti3+ serve as the “Fenton-catalytic” center for H2O2 activation to produce ·OH radicals on the TiO2−x surface. Meanwhile, OV on TiO2−x surface is beneficial for the adsorbed organic pollutants. Because of the generated hydroxyl radical on the TiO2−x surface is very close to the adsorbed pollutant. As a result, the rapid reaction of in situ generated hydroxyl radical with the adsorbed organic pollutants on the TiO2−x surface giving rise to excellent Fenton-like catalytic performance. The proposed overall Fenton-like reaction mechanism on oxygen deficient TiO2−x catalyst.