Types Of Dictionaries Research Articles

Attitudes of Jordanian school students toward dictionaries

This study aims to explore the attitude of English as a Foreign Language Learners (EFLL) in Jordanian schools about the use of different dictionary types - including paper-based, electronic monolingual, or electronic bilingual dictionaries. It also examines the challenges students face while using their dictionaries. To this end, a questionnaire was distributed among sixty-four students studying at the middle school level. The findings indicated a preference for electronic and bilingual dictionaries over monolingual paper dictionaries among most students. Based on their responses, the students predominantly use dictionaries to search for pronunciations (34.37 %) and various meanings of a word (polysemy and homonymy) (18.75 %). Preparation for speaking activities is primarily why they search for pronunciations. However, the search for abbreviations and parts of speech and other grammatical information is less frequent. Lastly, the students showed a preference for the use of more pictures and visual aids offered in pictorial dictionaries.

TEACHING “LEXICOGRAPHY” IN THE 10TH GRADE OF PUBLIC SCHOOL

Our research aims at presenting several questions related to the teaching of “Lexicography” which will ensure the quality of the educational process, contributing to students’ acquisition of relevant knowledge and skills. “Lexicography” as a separate section of lexicology is concerned with the study of the types of dictionaries and the rules of creating them. The dictionary, as a reference book, defines the meaning of a word from different semantic fields and other aspects of linguistics: lexicology, semantics, etymology, stylistics. In dictionaries, words and related word units are compiled according to certain ethics and principles. Dictionaries also emphasize changes that have occurred in the meaning of words over time by serving a storehouse of common words and special terms of two or more languages in the context of translation. From this point of view, the main goal of the lexicographer is to accurately explain the meanings expressed by tens of thousands of words, their nuances, and the changes in the meaning of the word. Each lexicographer himself decides the word stock of his dictionary, the arrangement of words, the methods of explaining words.

Idiomatykon w rodzinie słowników

This contribution presents the origin and formation of a special type of dictionary containing idiomatic expressions, i.e., the so-called idiomaticon, or a lexicographic record of idiomatic units. The article describes the place of the idiomaticon in the extended family of dictionaries and situates it in a broader lexicographical context.

Challenges of Translating American and British Forensic Terms and Texts into Arabic

This study explors the challenges of translating American and British forensic terms into Arabic when dealing with forensic legal terms. The study aims to explore of the challenges, proposed solutions, and types of dictionaries used in the translation process. The study followed a quantitative method approach by developing questionnaires. The sample of participants included 30 translators specializing in the legal context as forensic translators. They participated in a methodological survey that covered various aspects of their professional experience. The results revealed significant differences in the translation of criminal legal terms among translators, highlighting the importance of understanding the meaning when written in British or American English. The study also sheds light on the translators’ suggestions for addressing the challenges identified. The results highlight the importance of improving the translation process in the specialized field of forensic terms in the legal context. Additionally, the study recommends the importance of using specialized dictionaries after providing continuous training and qualification to enhance translators' abilities in translating the complexities of criminal evidence within the legal framework. Finally, the study provides valuable insights to enhance the translation of criminal legal terms and improve overall efficiency in this required field.

Exploring Translation Students’ Dictionary Use, Preferences, and Attitudes in Translation Courses

The study aimed to explore translation students’ dictionary use, and preferences in their translation courses. Moreover, it aimed to explore the students’ attitudes toward the dictionary while using it as a major tool in the translation process. To achieve the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was prepared in advance by the researcher. It consisted of 35 items. The quantitative method based on a questionnaire was used in this study. Data were collected by administrating the questionnaire to 84 students, who were purposefully chosen at Isra University in the first semester of the academic year 2023/2024. The results revealed that the participants agreed that they knew how to use an online and a book dictionary in their translation tasks and lessons. Moreover, the results indicated that the majority of them preferred using an online dictionary in their tasks because it was a quick and easy tool that students could deal with in a perfect way to look for difficult or unknown words. In addition, the analysis showed that the majority of the participants agreed that they had a positive attitude toward using different types of dictionaries because they were helpful in doing different tasks in their translation lessons. Finally, the study recommended that students should be provided with enough training and practice on how to use online as well as book dictionaries. In addition, students must be encouraged to depend on the context first to guess the meaning of the new words before they start looking for their meanings using different types of dictionaries.

The Importance of the Method of Creating a Thesaurus in the Study of Literary Texts

The article examines the scientific methodological foundations of thesauru research of literary texts. To this end, the formation of the concept of thesaurus and the meaning of the thesaurus method, the types of thesaurus dictionary and their main function are analyzed. The importance of the thesaurus research method in the study of literary texts is determined. The research used methods such as systematization, generalization, sorting, and formulation of the material. The article pays special attention to foreign and domestic thesaurus studies, analyzes the types of thesaurus dictionaries and their features. The article compares the thesaurus and a simple dictionary, identifies a number of optimal moments and ineffective aspects of the thesaurus. In the article, the thesaurus is recognized as a special terminological dictionary within a particular subject area, the meanings of which are close to terms (words and phrases) and semantic relations between them and grouped into concepts. The thesaurus analysis method is also an important research method in modern literary science. The thesaurus research method is widely used in the analysis of literary texts, as it allows you to identify semantic connections between words and understand the meaning of a work, helps to analyze and classify words, create dictionaries and lexical databases. The results achieved in the course of the study can be used in thesaurus research, the construction of a thesaurus based on literary texts.

The Importance of the Development of Compilation of Monolingual Dictionaries (by the Example of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Kazakh Language)

There are many types of dictionaries depending on the purpose and scope of use. Among them, a special place is occupied by monolingual explanatory dictionaries, which reflect the vocabulary of the cultural life of the people as a whole. Explanatory dictionaries are a real resource that collects the vocabulary of a language in one place. The creation and improvement of monolingual dictionaries has its own unique features. Therefore, it is important to continue the tradition of employing the basics of lexicography in explanatory dictionaries, expand them, republish them, and constantly update them. The article emphasizes the importance of constantly updating the explanatory dictionary and improving its vocabulary articles. In particular, the 15-volume “Dictionary of the Kazakh Literary Language”, prepared by the Akhmet Baitursynuly Institute of Linguistics in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2011, was selected. This dictionary is an example of creating an explanatory dictionary, reflecting existing traditions and practices of scientific creation of dictionaries. In addition, the article also discusses such issues as ways to enrich the content of dictionary entries by selecting the examples from works of art, examples of spelling complex words, conventional abbreviations; it also provides various explanations of individual concepts for dictionary entries. Particular attention is paid to explaining political terms such as “sovet” (Soviet) and “tarikh” (history) associated with the Soviet era.

ANTONYMY IN TERMINOLOGY (ACCORDING TO THE DICTIONARY OF ANTONYMS OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE)

The article examines the nature of the transmission of antonyms in dictionaries. Lexical-systematic connections, including the relationship of synonyms and antonyms within the semantic field, the influence of polysemy on the semantic relationships between words, the influence on the formation of an antonymic series, as well as the special importance of studying the expression word-formation of antonym connections in dictionaries. In lexicography, there are many types of antonym dictionaries. True, they differ from each other in the general concept of dictionaries, the structure of the dictionary, size and proximity to the industry. With the help of a dictionary of antonyms of the Kazakh language, the function of antonymy in terminology is differentiated and examples show that antonymic relations are considered a type of systematic relations in the linguistic vocabulary. Words that are in an antonymic relationship are used in the opposite sense and form a separate group. The goal and task of the antonym dictionary is to describe lexical units from the point of view of semantic opposition; it is indicated that antonyms can be formed from different roots and related words, and it is also shown that the meaning of antonyms is formed from related words. in a word, he is never aware of the opposite meaning. The appearance of words with opposite meanings is associated with the external environment. According to its logical and philosophical content, linguistic antonymy is considered as a manifestation of opposition in language.

Problems and prospects of educational lexicography: a new school dictionary of Russian pronunciation

The article critically examines various educational pronouncing (orthoepic) dictionaries and states the main objections to the quality of such resources. Criticism centres on the irregularities in the transcription rules adopted in school textbooks; phonetic and orthoepic errors; mixing orthoepic information with other linguistic phenomena; the issue of age-related adaptation of school dictionaries; insufficient relevance of pronunciation instructions; criteria for glossary compilation. The analysis demonstrated the need for creating a new educational dictionary, a Dictionary of Russian Pronunciation Difficulties, for years 5 to 11. It was compiled at the V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the editorship of M. L. Kalenchuk and D. M. Savinov. The cornerstone of this lexicographic source is the idea that normative recommendations in dictionaries should be based on the actual speech practices of educated people. The article justifies the choice of the pronouncing dictionary type and argues for a dictionary of difficulties rather than an orthoepic dictionary proper. We provide comprehensive criteria for compiling a dictionary glossary and structuring a dictionary entry. The paper also formulates the principles of normative evaluation of stress and pronunciation of sounds used in codification, as well as the system of permissive and prohibitive standard notes. If necessary, the Dictionary entries provide additional orthoepic data about obsolete pronunciation variants, folk poetic and professional accentual features, stress variants and pronunciation of sounds specific to phraseological units. Information about obsolete variants found in fiction is illustrated and verified with examples from poetic texts.

Chinese EFL learners’ use of mobile dictionaries in reading comprehension tasks

Although mobile dictionaries are widely used in English as a foreign language (EFL) education, few studies have examined the different types of mobile dictionaries that Chinese students use. This study looks at monolingual, bilingualised and bilingual mobile dictionaries used by Chinese university EFL learners when completing a reading activity. Mixed methods were used to investigate the engagement of 125 learners with three different dictionary apps. A self-report questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to understand learners’ uses and motivations when using mobile dictionaries. Results of the questionnaire show that most learners look up almost exclusively the first entry definition, the Chinese translation of the target word and, to a lesser degree, part of speech information. Spelling, example sentences and other aspects of vocabulary knowledge were largely ignored by the participants in the study. The interview data allowed us to hypothesise that three strategies are shared by the participants across the three study conditions: (1) the “so-called relevance” strategy, (2) the “choose the first definition” strategy, and (3) the “availability principle” strategy. This study addresses gaps in mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) research, providing language teachers, researchers and policymakers with ways to understand how mobile dictionaries are used in English language learning.

Семантика глаголов сквозь призму «пассивных» и «активных» словарей

The paper compares the meanings of the verbs zhit’ (to live), delat’ (to do), and idti (to go) as presented in dictionaries of different types. The dictionaries used include three types: (1) the traditional “passive” dictionaries by V. I. Dal’ and T. F. Efremova, (2) the “active” dictionary by Yu. D. Apresyan, and (3) the associative databases RAS (Russian Associative Dictionary) and SIBAS (Russian Regional Associative Database of Siberia and the Far East). The first and second types of dictionaries are based on textual materials. The third type reflects associative-verbal networks modeled on the data of free mass associative experiments conducted in the USSR and Russia in the 1990s (RAS) and 2000s (SIBAS). The assumptions are corroborated that the mental meaning of a word differs from its linguistic meaning and that associative thesauri reflect the language consciousness of an average Russian speaker. Thus, the order of meanings of the verb zhit’ given in the first and second types of dictionaries does not match the “ranks” of these meanings in the native speakers’ language consciousness depicted in RAS and SIBAS. Dialogic responses, traces of precedent phenomena, and visual images present in RAD and SIBAS supplement the image of active linguistic consciousness processing the speaker’s experience of interacting with reality. Conversely, the first and second types of dictionaries provide more information about different meanings and contexts that exclude ambiguity of interpretation of meanings. It is concluded that a comprehensive study of linguistic personality requires the complementary use of different types of dictionaries.

Training Translator on Campus and after Graduation

Training translators is an important issue that can be more difficult than learning a new language. Students of translation have to deal with different texts. Translating these different texts requires dealing with various types of dictionaries. There is self-training based on some books that claim to teach translation without a teacher. This type of book for learning translation without either guidance or an instructor cannot be trusted. However, there is another type of organized training provided by educational institutions where the translation teachers deal with each text in order to teach the students how to deal with words, textual and grammatical characteristics, and the methods suitable for translating the texts. The time needed for training differs depending on the goal of training, from a few weeks to several months. Translation training is no longer limited to the texts only but also to the translation technologies: Google, Microsoft and other computer-assisted technologies. Training translators in Libyan universities is still far from machine translation, which makes it complicated and does not give any optimism towards increasing translation projects. The translation between Arabic and other languages is very limited; this happens because no funding is allocated for bringing these technologies and also for training itself. Training is not limited to the knowledge of the source and target languages but also to proofreading and finding the exact equivalence for the source text. It also includes training on dealing with various types of texts coming from different cultural environments.

“Types of dictionaries and their role in learning the language»

“Types of dictionaries and their role in learning the language»

THE CONCEPT OF «MEDIA DESIGN» IN SCIENTIFIC AND DICTIONARY DISCOURSES (material for the dictionary article of the electronic educational resource «Lexical Minimum of Mеdia Scientist»)

The active usage of the concept of «media design» in the modern information space highlights the problem of its definition and lexicographical fixation. Among various types of dictionaries, consolidated ones are singled out. Special attention is drawn to those in which definitions of field concepts or philological interpretations of specific terms that denote them are gathered through information search methods and are compiled and ordered from scientific and lexicographical works. The article analyzes the main features and definitions of the concept of «media design» as documented in scientific and lexicographical works and reference sources. The specifics of the functioning of the corresponding term, its origin, and use in professional texts are revealed. The method of systematization and comparison of the collected material helped identify contextual synonyms used by design professionals. Through definitive analysis, the main features of the concept of «media design» are clarified, and its definition is proposed. The application of data visualization method enabled the creation of a presentation and video clip for a visual representation of information about media design and related concepts. The inventoried material has been adapted for a dictionary article in the electronic educational resource (EER) «Lexical Minimum of Mеdia Scientist» (as one of the research areas of the collective topic «Media Studies in Scientific and Educational Discourses»), which is being developed and filled by faculty members and students of the Faculty of Journalism at the Boris Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University. According to the developed template of the dictionary article, the primary data were systematized, unified and converted to EER. The author's definitions of the concept of «media design» form five vectors of relations (three vectors of systemic and two vectors of non-systemic relations) through which scholars interpret the analyzed concept, requiring standardization and lexicographical fixation in dictionaries.

Conceptual Foundations of the Ideographic Dictionaries of the Ural Semantic School

The purpose of the article is to examine the ideographic dictionaries created by the lexicographers of the Ural Semantic School from the dynamic aspect, according to which the Ural ideographic lexicography was formed as an independent direction. In total, the group has published 26 ideographic dictionaries of different semantic and grammatical nature of words: verbs, nouns, adjectives, synonyms of the Russian language and Russian speech, synonymic-antonymic complexes, Russian verb sentences, Russian key concepts. The methodological basis of such dictionaries were the basic provisions of the main scholarly paradigms of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries: structural-semantic, functional-semantic, denotative-ideographic, cognitive-discursive. In turn, a new type of active ideographic dictionaries contributed to the formation of a system of basic theoretical positions that formed the conceptual lexicographic base of ideographic dictionaries. The universal theoretical foundations of linguistic construction represent the following fundamental principles: consistency, hierarchy, invariance/variability, the presence of standard semantics, representativeness of identifiers, etc., the implementation of which is modified and corrected in the structure of various ideographic dictionaries and supplemented with new relevant lexicographic parameters of their construction, which determines the conceptual uniqueness of each individual dictionary. The peculiarities of such dictionaries and their ideographic sets are determined by the semantic-grammatical and linguo-cognitive nature of the units that make up their composition and the specifics of their constituent sets of units: lexical-semantic, functional-semantic and functional-syntactic, cognitive-discursive. As a result of the study, the authors identify the main types of lexical sets in the composition of ideographic dictionaries of different types.

THE SPECIFICS OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION OF YOUNG LEARNERS (BASED ON MATERIAL FROM POPULAR LITERATURE AND THEMED WEBSITES)

The paper offers a systemization of tools to study child discourse (thesaurus, text corpora, speech data and etc.). Modelling of linguistic activity involves various methods studying child speech at different stages of its development in connection with forming cognitive, social, psychological skills, and acquired gender stereotypes in communication. Establishment of a register for linguistic resources for child speech research is currently a relevant objective. In multimodal corpora, both linguistic and metalanguage material modeling children's discourse is presented; the corpus can be provided with markup to characterize prosody of speech and non-verbal means of communication. In multimodal corpora, texts are linked to other materials, which allows you to accurately reproduce the features of communication (gender, age, emotive sides of speech, etc.). The concepts of dictionaries of children's speech are diverse (content platforms, explanatory dictionaries, thesaurus dictionaries, thematic, motivational dictionaries, dictionaries of innovation, etc.). In our opinion, lexicographic sources form a new branch of lexicography, which can be associated both with the development of the theoretical foundations of a new field of research and with the creation of a new type of dictionaries.

MULTIPLICATION OF DICTIONARY USES IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

In academia, dictionaries have become a daily commodity beyond the common yet relevant uses of spelling and meaning checks. Relying on data collected from 107 EFL learners through an opinion poll in the Saudi context, this paper investigated how such learners utilize dictionaries in their English program during their university studies. Findings showed that learners use electronic and paper-based dictionaries for limited purposes beyond the spelling and meaning check. Besides surveying the dictionary type (online and paper-based), the study argues for some uses on a broader approach rather than spelling words and their meanings. It construed dictionaries as special tutors that help second language learners develop a multitude of skills, including spelling, vocabulary, grammatical usage, pronunciation, and semantic features of the target language, e.g., synonyms, antonyms, polysemy, collocations, and the like. The study theorizes the dictionary not as an add-on but as an essential language learning source of English language programs tailored to dictionary-based tasks across the curriculum to respond to sustainable language education.

Academician Petr Slepsov – the ideological inspirer, organizer and creator of the Great Exlanatory Dictionary of the Yakut Language

Petr Alekseevich Sleptsov, Chief Researcher of the Department of Yakut Linguistics, Institute for Humanities Research and Problems of Indigenous Peoples of the North (IGIiPMNS), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a well-known turkologist, the first member of the academy from Yakut linguists, Doctor of Philology, Professor, turned 95 on July 12, 2023. On this occasion, the Institute for Humanities Research and Problems of Indigenous Peoples of the North SB RAS, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Administration of the municipal district “Verkhnekolymsky ulus (rayon)” are hosting a Russian conference “Languages of the indigenous peoples of Russia in interdisciplinary discourse” on December 14, 2023. Petr Sleptsov developed theoretical and applied directions of the modern Yakut linguistics, including lexicology, lexicography, sociolinguistics, linguo-folkloristics, ethnolinguistics, and history of language. He is a leading Yakut lexicographer, deeply delving into the historical and cultural role of linguistic evidence and written language. Under his leadership, editorship and co-authorship the Yakut-Russian Dictionary (1972) was created, which was the first normative dictionary of medium volume in the Yakut language. After the release of this dictionary, Petr Alekseevich managed to concentrate the main forces of his students – linguists on the creation of a very complex and time-consuming work – a multi-volume Great Academic Explanatory Dictionary of the Yakut Language. Petr Alekseevich begun this tremendous project in 1972, it was successfully completed in 2018 after 46 years in 15 volumes of 769 printed sheets, covering 80 thousand words and phraseological units. During this time, he was the permanent editor-in-chief of all volumes of the dictionary. This dictionary represents a new type of explanatory dictionaries of Turkic languages. First of all, the Dictionary is not only descriptive, i. e. fixing certain rules for usage of words, but also a national dictionary of the descriptive registering type. It means that, taking into account the diversity of the existing vocabulary, the authors sought to cover and present the lexical richness of the language of the Yakut people as fully as possible. This refers to defining a dictionary type as “registering”. Another feature is that the dictionary is bilingual. The goal of the dictionary was to ensure the introduction of the richest material to a wide scholarly audience through the Russian language. With this project, Petr Alekseevich attracted several generations of linguists from his students and like-minded people to a very complex, but always fascinating, interesting and promising field of scientific activity – lexicography. Thanks to this project there exists a team of lexicographers, the Sleptsov school of Yakut lexicographers under the leadership of Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the field of science and technology, Honored Scientist of the Yakut ASSR and the Russian Federation Peter Alekseevich Sleptsov.

The Use of Dictionaries in Teaching Arabic language: A Descriptive Analytical Research paper on the Procedures of using Dictionaries in the Islamic Institutions in Aceh- Indonesia

This paper aims at: 1- Knowing the types of dictionaries in Arabic language, 2- Knowing the mostly used dictionarie at the Islamic institution in Aceh, and 3- showing how to use dictionaries in teaching Arabic language at the Islamic institutions in Aceh. The applied is the qualitative descriptive analytical approach is adopted.The paper concludes that dictionaries are divided according to subjects into three categories: linguistic, encyclopedic and historic dictionaries. According to the languages used, dictionaries are classified into Unilingual, bilingual and multilingual dictionaries. According to their subjects, dictionaries are classified into General, and special dictionaries and according to arrangement they are classified into alphabetic and subject dictionaries. As for form, they are classified into paper dictionaries and digital dictionaries.

How Useful Are Bilingualized Dictionaries in Discriminating Between Near-Synonyms?

Abstract This study investigates the usefulness of a bilingualized dictionary (BLD) against a monolingual one (MD) in a fill-in-the-blank test requiring the ability to discriminate between a set of near-synonyms. 156 participants, all English major undergraduates studying in Poland, were divided into two groups based on the type of dictionary they used. The study compared the two groups with respect to their test scores, learners’ prior receptive vocabulary knowledge, and task completion time. The experiment revealed the limitations of the BLD in this type of task, demonstrating that the dictionary was no more useful than the MD. While the scores were unaffected by dictionary type, they were significantly influenced by the learners’ receptive vocabulary size: the larger the size, the better the performance. The task completion time was not significantly affected by dictionary type, vocabulary size, or scores. The paper discusses learners’ errors and possible reasons for the limitations of the BLD.