Types Of Depression Research Articles

The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances among medical students and resident physicians in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We sought to conduct this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance in Iranian medical students and resident physicians. A systematic search was conducted on 23 December 2023 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Iranian national databases. We pooled the prevalence of individual studies using the random effect model. Our systematic search showed 36 articles that meet the eligibility criteria. Most included studies were cross-sectional. The most used questionnaire to assess depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21), and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance among Iranian medical students were 43% (95%CI: 33%-53%%, I2 = 98%), 44% (95%CI: 31%-58%%, I2 = 99%), 48% (95%CI: 39%-56%%, I2 = 97%), respectively. The results of subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed questionnaires used and the place of the medical school were significantly associated with the prevalence of aforementioned outcomes. Funnel plot and Begg's regression test did not show a significant source of funnel plot asymmetry for depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. In conclusion, our study showed that nearly half of the medical students had some type of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance problems. To address this serious national public health issue, efficient preventive measures, routine screenings, and prompt interventions are required.

Risk factors for severe dysmenorrhea in Arab women: A focus on war displacement and mental health outcomes.

Dysmenorrhea is wide spread gynecological disorder among that affect the quality of life of women world wide. The current study aims to examine whether war displacement, mental health symptoms, and other clinical factors are associated with dysmenorrhea severity. This is a cross-sectional case-control study recruiting two groups: displaced Syrian women and un-displaced local Jordanian women. Demographics and clinical details were recorded. The severity of dysmenorrhea was assessed using WaLIDD scale, the PHQ-9 scale was emplyed to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety was assessed using the GAD-7 scale, and insomnia was assessed using the ISI-A scale. Predictors of severe dysmenorrhea in females using multivariate binary logistic regression. Out of 808 of the total participants, 396 (49%) were Syrian displaced war refugees, 424 (42.5%) reported using paracetamol, 232 (23.2%) were using NSAIDs, and 257 (25.9%) using herbal remedies. Severe dysmenorrhea was associated with war displacement (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.49-3.08, p < 0.001), not using NSAIDs (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.91-3.95, p < 0.001), not using herbal remedies (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.13-3.60, p = 0.01), depression (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.40-3.29, p < 0.001), and insomnia (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.14-2.42, p = 0.009). War displacement, type of analgesic, depression, and insomnia are risk factors for severe dysmenorrhea.

Prediction of Vitamin D and Serotonin levels with increased risk Depressive in Adolescent Students

Vitamin D deficiency (Vt.D) is common in adolescents and is influenced by some factors, including puberty. It impacted serotonin levels, thus increasing the risk of depression. This study was conducted to assess the association between vitamin D deficiency and depression and its effect on adolescent students. A cross-sectional study of 130 adolescent students aged 12-18 years, between November 2023 to February 2024. This study investigated serum Vt.D, serotonin levels, and hematological indices such as (RBC, Hb, MCV, and MCH, of adolescents, in addition, it was dependent on the Beck Depression Inventory to calculate scales of depression. 130 adolescent students were enrolled aged 12-18, mean ± SD: 14.85±2.19. The results indicated that 77(59.2%) students had depression symptoms, median (IQR) of scores16(13₋21.5), and 53(40.8%) adolescents with non-depressed (scores 5(2.5₋7), who were considered as the control group, a statistically significant between these groups (p=0.035). Depression was significantly more prevalent in females 46(59.7%) than males 31(40.3%), p=0.014. Deficiency Vt.D was found in 63.6% of the total depressive adolescents and was significantly more than nondepressive adolescents 3.8%, p&lt;0.0001, with (B: 3.199, OR: 24.5, 95%CI: 5.96 -100.74). Serum Vt.D level was significantly decreased in depressive adolescent median (IQR) 18.8(13.1 ₋28.9) ng/ml, compared with non-depressed 52.22(42.2₋62.4), (p&lt; 0.0001), and its lowest in a type of severe depression 10.74±3.52. The depressive adolescent group had significantly lower serotonin levels in deficiency Vt.D status than non-depressive groups (143.39±60.91 vs. 314.05±46.11), p = 0.001). Correlations and linear regression analysis to predict the risk factors for depression scores showed a significant negative correlation with levels of Vt.D (r=0.786, B: -0.109, 95%CI: -0.15 to -0.065, p&lt;0.0001), and serotonin (r=0.848, B: 0.003, 95%CI: -0.032 to -0.019, p&lt;0.0001), respectively. Deficiency Vt.D is an important risk factor for adolescents, especially in females, and is associated with an increased risk of depression in adolescent students

A Cross-Sectional Study to Determine the Prevalence and Predictors of Depression and Anxiety in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in South India

Diabetic patients with depression or anxiety are more likely to develop diabetic complications and have a lower quality of life. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety among type 2 diabetic patients and to identify the associated factors. A cross-sectional, observational study of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients, with diabetes-related conditions who attended the hospital from January to April 2023, was conducted by interviewing them using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorders-7 for anxiety. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariant regression were performed for statistical analysis. Out of 450 type 2 diabetic patients, 90% were between ages 30 and 45, 50.2% were male, 60% were living in rural areas, and 76.5% literate; most of them belong to the upper middle class (64%) and they live in joint family (32.7%). Depression and anxiety were observed among 65.3% and 62.4% of type 2 diabetic patients, respectively. When observing the severity, 47.8% of patients had mild depression, and 38.7% had minimal anxiety. Age group, socioeconomic status, treatment type, and years of diabetes were found to be factors associated with depression and family type is associated with anxiety. Hospitalized diabetics have higher depression and anxiety rates for multiple reasons. Therefore, diabetes management programmes should include regular depression and anxiety screenings to quickly identify and treat high-risk patients in healthcare facilities.

A cross-sectional study on the prevalence of depression and dementia among the geriatric population residing in the rural field practice area of Medical College, Kolkata

Background: A healthy mental adjustment to life is associated with a higher life expectancy than emotional disorders and stress. Age-related depression and dementia are major global public health issues that contribute to significant morbidity and disability among the elderly. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and dementia among the elderly population residing in the rural field practice area of Medical College, Kolkata. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 elderly populations obtained through multistage random sampling, in the villages under ROHANDA health and wellness center using pre-tested, validated questionnaires called the short version of Geriatric depression scale -15, and Ascertain Dementia 8 to screen and estimate the prevalence of depression and dementia among the elderly. Results: The prevalence of depression and dementia among the elderly (mean age ± SD = 62.5 ± 6.69 years) was 18.2% and 17.3%, respectively. Increasing age, low socioeconomic status, low education, and nucleation of families were found to have significance in developing both dementia and depressive symptoms among the elderly. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed with the risk factors that found to be significantly associated with the development of depression and dementia. For depression type of family (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.013–0.983]), body mass index (AOR 7.07; 95% CI [2.104–23.755]) were found to be independent risk factors and for dementia age (AOR 13.60; 95% CI [3.168–58.375]), socioeconomic status (AOR 0.063; 95% CI [0.007–0.563]), marital status (AOR 7.83; 95% CI [1.767–34.696]) were found to be significant after controlling other relevant factors. Conclusion: As aging-related changes take place, depression and cognitive impairment in the elderly go undiagnosed. Therefore, early screening in primary care can aid in early diagnosis and the implementation of suitable interventions to lessen the severity and burden of the condition and enhance the quality of life.

Personality Traits Characterizing a New Type of Depression Lead to Stress Generation in Japanese University Students

Japanese psychiatrists have proposed a new type of depression characterized by passing blame and irritability, which worsens on working days. This new type of depression is assumed to be closely associated with two personality traits: Interpersonal sensitivity, which reflects the tendency to be excessively concerned about or overreact to others’ negative evaluations, and privileged self, which reflects the tendency to pursue own pleasures at the expense of maintaining harmony with others. Although a previous longitudinal study showed that these traits can lead to interpersonal stress generation among university students, it did not control for the influence of baseline negative events, nor use a scale that separately assessed negative dependent events caused by the participants’ behaviors and negative independent events occurring outside the participants’ control. The current study addressed these limitations and investigated whether interpersonal sensitivity and privileged self led to stress generation and increased depressive symptoms. Undergraduate and graduate students in Japan (N = 265) responded to self-report measures twice at an interval of four weeks. The results indicated that privileged self was related to an increase in subsequent experiences of negative dependent and independent events after controlling for either category of events experienced at the baseline. These findings suggest that privileged self can lead to stress generation or the perception that surrounding circumstances are worse than they are. Furthermore, privileged self was associated with an increase in subsequent depressive symptoms via experiences of negative interpersonal dependent events.

Association of Central serous chorioretinopathy with type of personality, anxiety and depression.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) a relatively common cause of visual impairment, which is characterized by subretinal fluid accumulation in the macula and is more common in middle-aged males. Various risk factors have been reported in literature, among which substantial role of psychological factors is cited. Our aim was to look for the prevalence and association of the psychiatric factors in CSCR patients and to compare them with other non-chorioretinal ocular pathologies. A cross-sectional correlational study was undertaken involving 91 CSCR patients, along with 91 patients with other non-chorioretinal diseases. Their risk factors, clinical history, ocular examination, and psychiatric assessments were done using standardized tools, and the groups were compared in terms of scoring of Framingham Type A scale (FTAS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). CSCR patients had a male:female ratio of 8:1. Chronic, bilateral, and recurrent diseases were found in 15%, 20%, and 23% cases, respectively. Anxiety disorder had a prevalence of 40%, followed by major depression with a prevalence of 24%, and these were significantly higher than non-chorioretinal disease patients (odds ratios 14.18 and 5.30, respectively). Also, these psychiatric disorders were significantly associated with an overall lower visual acuity and greater central macular thickness due to subretinal fluid accumulation. Psychiatric comorbidities like Type A personality trait and depression and anxiety disorders were significantly more prevalent in CSCR patients, compared to non-chorioretinal pathologies. Focus on psychological health would certainly benefit these patients in terms of better management of not only CSCR, but their psychiatric morbidity as well.

CHILDHOOD INTERPERSONAL TRAUMA AND DEPRESSION OF CHINESE IN MID LATER LIFE: MEDIATION EFFECT OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION

Abstract Objectives This study investigates the long-term associations between five types of childhood interpersonal trauma (i.e., physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, being bullied, exposure to interparental violence) and depression in mid-later life. The mediation roles of social integration in the family (i.e., satisfaction with marriage and children) and broader social contexts (i.e., social participation and perceived social support) are examined in the associations. Methods This study used two waves (2014 and 2015) of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The analytical sample included 12,486 participants aged 45 years and older. Results People who was bullied, physically abused, and witnessed interparental violence during childhood are more likely to develop depression in mid-later years, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, childhood family socio-economic status, and childhood parental mental health. However, childhood physical neglect and emotional neglect are not directly related to depression in mid- and late-adulthood. The associations between childhood interpersonal trauma and depression were mediated by the satisfaction with marriage, satisfaction with children, and perceived social support, but not social engagement. Discussion This study calls for attention on the long-term consequences of multiple types of childhood interpersonal trauma on mental health among middle-aged and older adults. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of social integration in bridging early-life interpersonal trauma and depression in mid-later life.

Program ACTIVE II: 6- and 12-month outcomes of a treatment approach for major depressive disorder in adults with type 2 diabetes

AimsTo evaluate the long-term effects of behavioral treatments on glycemic and psychological outcomes for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). MethodsProgram ACTIVE II was a multicenter randomized controlled comparative effectiveness trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exercise (EXER), combination treatment (CBT + EXER) and usual care (UC) for adults with MDD and T2D. ResultsPrimary outcomes: change in A1c and depressive symptoms at 6- (N = 87) and 12-months (N = 75) from baseline. In those with a baseline A1c ≥7.0 %, CBT + EXER showed lasting A1c benefit at 6- (−1.2 %; SE: 0.6; p = 0.032) and 12-months (−1.4 %; SE: 0.6; p = 0.025) compared to UC. All groups had clinically significant improvements in depressive symptoms. At 6 months, CBT + EXER had significant improvements in diabetes-related distress regimen burden (p = 0.005); and social support (CIRS, p = 0.043) compared to UC. ConclusionsThe Program ACTIVE II CBT + EXER intervention demonstrated a sustained improvement in A1c for a subgroup of study participants with a baseline A1c ≥7.0 %. However, this finding should be considered preliminary because of small sample size. All 3 behavioral intervention groups demonstrated improvements in psychosocial outcomes one-year post-intervention. These findings point to the enduring benefits of community-based interventions to extend the availability of depression treatment for T2D patients.

Depression in the Diabetic Patient

Depression is a common emotional state in humans, which is sometimes triggered by stressful events and certain physical and/or mental conditions that may occur and may increase the body's vulnerability to various types of depressive disorders, causing sometimes organic changes difficult to quantify and to treat. Depressive conditions are major clinical problems that occur throughout life and often require a specialized treatment, but the use of the antidepressant compounds is often endangered by the risk of formidable side effects, requiring to stop the treatment or to use medicine doses that cannot determine the desired therapeutic results. These are reasons for the impressive expansion of the research on the depression types, with emphasize on etiological and etiopathogenetical studies, allowing the discovery of compounds with good therapeutic potential and an appropriate pharmacological profile to reduce the side effects. Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is a major public health problem, with increasing costs and frequency in recent years. Late diagnosis, inadequate treatment, lack of ongoing monitoring or ignorance of the disease can have serious consequences for the health of that individual, his family and his community. The mental state of a patient with diabetes is different from one moment to the next and varies with the stage of the disease and the appearance of various complications. The stress of chronic illness, the pressure to have a lifestyle and a diet according to medical recommendations, sadness, anger and even denial of the disease, are feelings experienced by patients with diabetes at least once in their lives.

LD block disorder-specific pleiotropic roles of novel CRHR1 in type 2 diabetes and depression disorder comorbidity

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are complex disorders whose comorbidity can be due to hypercortisolism and may be explained by dysfunction of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) and cortisol feedback within the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis). To investigate the role of the CRHR1 gene in familial T2D, MDD, and MDD-T2D comorbidity, we tested 152 CRHR1 single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs), via 2-point parametric linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD; i.e., association) analyses using 4 models, in 212 peninsular families with T2D and MDD. We detected linkage/LD/association to/with MDD and T2D with 122 (116 novel) SNPs. MDD and T2D had 4 and 3 disorder-specific novel risk LD blocks, respectively, whose risk variants reciprocally confirm one another. Comorbidity was conferred by 3 novel independent SNPs. In silico analyses reported novel functional changes, including the binding site of glucocorticoid receptor-alpha [GR-α] on CRHR1 for transcription regulation. This is the first report of CRHR1 pleiotropic linkage/LD/association with peninsular familial MDD and T2D. CRHR1 contribution to MDD is stronger than to T2D and may antecede T2D onset. Our findings suggest a new molecular-based clinical entity of MDD-T2D and should be replicated in other ethnic groups.

P43: Hormone therapy and the decreased risk of dementia in women with depression: a population-based cohort study

Background:The literature has shown depression to be associated with an increased risk of dementia. In addition, hormone therapy can be a responsive treatment option for a certain type of depression. In this study, we examined the association between hormone therapy, including lifetime oral contraceptive (OC) use, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause with the occurrence of dementia among female patients with depression.Methods:The South Korean national claims data from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2018, was used. Female subjects aged 40 years or older with depression were included in the analyses. Information on hormone therapy was identifed from health examination data and followed up for the occurrence of dementia during the average follow-up period of 7.72 years.Results:Among 209,588 subjects, 23,555 were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 3023 with vascular dementia (VD). Lifetime OC usage was associated with a decreased risk of AD (OC use for &lt; 1 year: HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.88–0.97]; OC use for ≥ 1 year: HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.84–0.94]), and HRT after menopause was associated with a decreased risk of AD (HRT for &lt; 2 years: HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.79–0.89]; HRT for 2–5 years: HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.74–0.88]; and HRT for ≥ 5 years : HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.71–0.85]) and VD (HRT &lt; 2 years: HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71–0.96]; HRT for 2–5 years: HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.64–1.02]; and HRT for ≥ 5 years: HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47–0.79]).Conclusions:In this nationwide cohort study, lifetime OC use was associated with a decreased risk of AD, and HRT after menopause was associated with a decreased risk of AD and VD among female patients with depression. However, further studies are needed to establish causality.

Opposing brain signatures of sleep in task-based and resting-state conditions

Sleep and depression have a complex, bidirectional relationship, with sleep-associated alterations in brain dynamics and structure impacting a range of symptoms and cognitive abilities. Previous work describing these relationships has provided an incomplete picture by investigating only one or two types of sleep measures, depression, or neuroimaging modalities in parallel. We analyze the correlations between brainwide neural signatures of sleep, cognition, and depression in task and resting-state data from over 30,000 individuals from the UK Biobank and Human Connectome Project. Neural signatures of insomnia and depression are negatively correlated with those of sleep duration measured by accelerometer in the task condition but positively correlated in the resting-state condition. Our results show that resting-state neural signatures of insomnia and depression resemble that of rested wakefulness. This is further supported by our finding of hypoconnectivity in task but hyperconnectivity in resting-state data in association with insomnia and depression. These observations dispute conventional assumptions about the neurofunctional manifestations of hyper- and hypo-somnia, and may explain inconsistent findings in the literature.

Associated factors of sexual dysfunction among postpartum women in Taiwan- a cross-sectional study.

Sexual function among postpartum women is often overlooked by health-care professionals. This study aimed to investigate associated factors of sexual dysfunction among postpartum women. This study used a cross-sectional study design. A total of 135 postpartum women from a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. SPSS version 22.0 was used to analyze data including descriptive and bivariate analysis. A multiple linear regression was using to identify the predictors of sexual dysfunction among Taiwanese postpartum women. Results indicated that the categories of sexual dysfunction that most commonly experienced in postpartum women were lack of sexual desire, delay or absence of orgasm, pain during intercourse, and inability to become physically aroused. Parity, types of delivery, perineal laceration, breastfeeding, postpartum fatigue, and postpartum depression were significantly associated with sexual dysfunction (p< .05). Sexual counseling and mental support should be necessary for women at risk of postpartum sexual problems such as nulliparous with perineal laceration, breastfeeding mothers, experiencing postpartum fatigue and depressive symptoms to improve their sexual health and quality of life.

Mental health, depressive disorder and its management: A review

Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community. India's mental health struggles are largely due to societal stigma and inadequate healthcare access. Depression is a major cause of disability worldwide and contributes greatly to the global disease burden. Depression is characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, irritability, guilt, loss of interest, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, physical aches, and thoughts of death or suicide. Symptoms can also include increased anger, restlessness, withdrawal, impulsivity, alcohol or drug use, isolation, and difficulties with sexual desire and performance. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common types of depression. It is characterized by changes in neuronal structure and function, which are accompanied by several biochemical changes. It is caused by a variety of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. This review will cover depression, its signs and symptoms, risk factors, mechanisms, and management. The management of depression includes various types of medication, therapies, counselling, stimulation, and strategies to combat depression.

Thermosensation and emotion: Thermosensory accuracy in a dynamic thermal matching task is linked to depression and anxiety symptomatology

Interoception is related to the generation of bodily feelings and the awareness of ourselves as ‘sentient beings’, informing the organism about its bodily needs to guarantee survival. Previous studies have reported links among interoception, emotion processing, and mental health. For example, the alignment of interoceptive dimensions (i.e., accuracy, sensibility, awareness) can predict emotional symptoms, such as anxiety. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the perception of a certain type of skin-mediated interoceptive signal, i.e., thermosensation, and self-reported depression, anxiety, and stress. One hundred seventy participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and a dynamic thermal matching task, a static temperature detection task, and a heartbeat counting task. Our results revealed that self-reported anxiety and depression were related to the perception of temperature on hairy and non-hairy skin, respectively: higher anxiety was related to better performance on the thermal matching task on the forearm, while higher depression was related to poorer performance on dynamic and static temperature tasks on the palm. Discrepancies between thermosensory accuracy and sensibility measures (‘trait prediction error’) were related to heightened anxiety, in line with previous studies. No significant correlations were found between DASS-21 scores and heartbeat counting accuracy. In conclusion, this study suggests that individual differences in thermosensory perception in different areas of the body are associated with self-reported anxiety and depression.

Relationship between pre-procedural non-ischemic ST-segment depression and the clinical outcomes after catheter ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation patients

Abstract Background ST-segment depression suggests the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) during sinus rhythm, but the clinical significance, including the outcomes after catheter ablation (CA), in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients remains unknown. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between non-ischemic ST-segment depression during AF rhythm before CA and late arrhythmia recurrence in persistent AF (PerAF) patients. Methods The present study included PerAF patients from the Osaka Rosai Atrial Fibrillation ablation (ORAF) registry who underwent an initial ablation and had no history of CAD. We assigned the patients based on the presence of ST-segment depression before CA and evaluated the impact of relevant factors on ST-segment depression and the relationship between ST-segment depression, including leads locations (anterior leads, inferior leads, and lateral leads) or depression type (upsloping, horizontal and downsloping) or the degree of ST-segment depression and late recurrence of AF (LRAF). Results This study population included a total of 551 patients of which 189 had ST-segment depression. The median follow-up duration was 397 days and LRAF occurred in 195 patients. By multiple regression analysis, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin, brain natriuretic peptide, left ventricular ejection fraction and left atrial diameter were significant determinants of ST-segment depression before CA. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the patients with ST-segment depression had a significantly greater risk of LRAF than those without (p&amp;lt;0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed ST-segment depression was independently and significantly associated with a higher risk of LRAF (p&amp;lt;0.001). The patients with ST-segment depression≥0.15mV had a significantly higher risk of LRAF than those with ST-segment depression≥0.15mV (p&amp;lt;0.001). No significant differences among the ST-segment depression leads locations and ST-segment depression type were observed. Conclusion Non-ischemic ST-segment depression during AF rhythm was significantly associated with LRAF post CA in PerAF patients.

The first observational evidence of a mixed Rossby–gravity wave contribution to triggering the onset process of the South China Sea summer monsoon

Abstract Convectively coupled equatorial waves (Kelvin waves, equatorial Rossby waves, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, tropical depression–type waves, and mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves) are important components of the tropical atmosphere. It is already known that the first four kinds of equatorial waves can trigger the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM). This study provides observational evidence that an MRG wave contributes to triggering the onset process of the SCSSM in 2023, which took place very early (advanced by two weeks). Specifically, anomalous upper-tropospheric southerly winds first appeared in the equatorial central Pacific at the end of April. These southerly winds propagated westwards and downwards to the equatorial western Pacific and became an MRG wave. As this MRG wave continued to propagate westwards, the associated southwesterly winds contributed to the SCSSM onset. In addition to the MRG wave, the westerly phase of the Madden–Julian Oscillation is located around the Maritime Continent, which also creates a favorable environment for the SCSSM onset in 2023. After addressing the important role of the MRG wave, this study completes the last piece of the puzzle of the impacts of equatorial waves on the monsoon onset.

Exploring the pathogenesis of depression and potential antidepressants through the integration of reverse network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics.

Depression is characterized by a significant and persistent decline in mood and is currently a major threat to physical and mental health. Traditional Chinese medicine can effectively treat depression with few adverse effects. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the use of reverse network pharmacology and computer simulations to identify effective ingredients and herbs for treating depression. Differentially expressed genes associated with depression were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, after which enrichment analyses were performed. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database to screen core targets. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database was used to screen ingredients related to these core targets, and the core ingredients were screened by constructing the "Targets-Ingredients-Herbs" network. Drug evaluation analysis was performed using the SwissADME and ADMETlab platforms, according to Lipinski Rule of 5. The binding between the targets and ingredients was simulated using molecular docking software. The binding stability was determined using molecular dynamics analysis. The "Ingredients-Herbs" network was constructed, and we annotated it for its characteristics and meridians. Finally, the selected herbs were classified to determine the formulation for treating depression in traditional Chinese medicine. The pathogenesis of depression was associated with changes in SPP1, Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, CCNB1 protein, CCL3, and other genes. Computer simulations have verified the use of quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and other ingredients as drugs for treating depression. Most of the top 10 herbs containing these ingredients were attributed to the liver meridian, and their taste was symplectic. Perilla Frutescen, Cyperi Rhizoma, and Linderae Radix, the main components of "Tianxiang Zhengqi Powder," can treat depression owing to Qi stagnation. Epimedium and Citicola, the main traditional Chinese herbs in "Wenshen Yiqi Decoction," have a positive effect on depression of the Yang asthenia type. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Ecliptae Herba are from the classic prescription "Erzhi Pills" and can treat depression of the Yin deficiency type. This study identified the key targets and effective medicinal herbs for treating depression. It provides herbal blend references for treating different types of depression according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

Assessment of the psycho-emotional state of pregnant women and features of anesthesia in an obstetric hospital

Aim to determine the indicators of anxiety and depression in pregnant women who are going to have an operative delivery and, depending on this, to provide the optimal type of anesthesia and psychological support during the operation.&#x0D; Material and methods. We examined 215 pregnant women aged 18 to 45 years (M=29,84,79) who were to undergo operative delivery. We also tested 188 women from the KG with the physiological course of pregnancy, with the same age and gestation period, whose delivery was carried out through the natural birth canal.&#x0D; Results. In MG patients, the optimal type of PCGD was significantly lower than in CG patients (p0.05). Euphoric, hypogestognosic and anxious types of PCGD in pregnant CG were also significantly higher than in MG patients (p0.05). When analyzing the data on personal and situational anxiety, it was found that a high degree of severity according to the Spielberg-Khanin scale was observed in patients with anxious and depressive types of PCGD Endogenous depression in pregnant women of the main and control groups is absent when using the questionnaire for the presence and severity of depressive states I.G. Bespalko.&#x0D; Conclusion. In pregnant women who were to have an operative delivery, the optimal type of PCGD was significantly lower than in women who were to have a natural birth. Anxious and depressive type of PCGD in patients with planned operative delivery was significantly higher than in patients with planned natural childbirth. Psychocorrective work and additional psychological support by an anesthesiologist-resuscitator during a caesarean section reduced the severity of anxiety and depressive disorders.