Types Of Depression Research Articles

Hospital Environmental Disruptors and Caregiver Sleep During Hospitalization.

Caregivers must cope with a poor sleep environment when caring for someone admitted to the hospital. The aim was to study the environmental factors associated with a sleep disruption pattern in caregivers during hospitalization and to test their association with caregivers' insomnia symptoms. This was a cross-sectional study. One hundred twenty-three caregivers completed the study. The effect of environmental stimuli on sleep disruption was measured on a scale from 1 to 10 (1 = no disruption, 10 = significant disruption). Type of room (single vs shared), insomnia symptoms, anxiety and depression, and patients' dependence (Barthel Index) were assessed as well. Caregiver and patient characteristics as well as identified hospital disruptors were compared with Student t test, χ2 test, and Fisher exact test according to the caregivers' type of room. A linear regression model using main caregiver and patient sociodemographic variables, questionnaires, and the sum of all hospital disruptors determined the factors associated with caregivers' insomnia symptoms. Of the caregivers and their care recipients, 51.2% shared a room with 1 to 2 other patients. Higher self-reported levels of sleep disruption due to environmental stimuli were found in shared rooms when compared with single rooms (eg, nursing care, noise, and light) (P < .05). Hospital sleep disruptors (adjusted regression coefficient, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.24) and caregiver anxiety (adjusted regression coefficient, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.81) were predictors for insomnia (P < .01). However, caregivers' type of room was not associated with insomnia severity symptoms (P > .05). Interventions are urgent to implement, such as relieving caregivers from patient needs during the night, providing them with single rooms, and conducting multiple nursing tasks in 1 visit to minimize night hospital noise.

The Effect of Affective Temperament, Pain Catastrophizing, and Anxiety Sensitivity on Pain Severity in Patients With Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Pilot Study.

The goals of this study were to investigate whether there was a dominant temperament type, and to assess the effect of temperament, pain catastrophizing, and anxiety sensitivity on pain severity, in female patients diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) compared with healthy controls. This cross-sectional study involved 51 patients 18 to 65 years of age who were diagnosed with CPP without a history of psychiatric treatment and 97 healthy volunteer women with sociodemographic characteristics similar to those of the study group. A sociodemographic form prepared by the researchers, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, a temperament scale (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire), and a visual analog pain scale (VAS) were completed. The results were compared between the patient and control groups. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the predictive effects of temperament characteristics, pain catastrophizing, and anxiety sensitivity on pain severity. Scores on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the VAS were statistically significantly higher in the CPP group (P<0.001). The frequency of depressive, cyclothymic, and irritable temperaments was found to be significantly higher in the CPP group (CPP: 7.78±3.32 vs. controls: 6.54±3.19; P=0.027; CPP:10.61±4.41 vs. controls: 8.82±4.21; P=0.017; CPP: 5.22±4.29 vs. controls: 3.75±3.41; P=0.025). According to the model established by temperament traits, anxiety sensitivity, and pain catastrophizing level, pain catastrophizing level explained 11.6% of the variance in pain severity. A 1-unit change in the score for pain catastrophizing level caused a 0.278-point change in the VAS total score (P<0.01). Cyclothymic, depressive, and irritable temperament types that increase the risk of affective disease are more common in patients with CPP. The level of pain catastrophizing in patients with CPP affects their perception of the severity of the pain.

Double SinkingInterpretation of Sinking from the Perspective of Depression

Sinking has been an arguable piece in modern Chinese literature since its first publication. Among various interpretations of this piece, this article focuses on the anatomy of depression mentioned by the author in Preface to Sinking and interprets the theme of sinking from the perspective of depression. In order to explain the connections between depression and the sinking of the protagonist, this article analyzes the symptoms of his depression in the work, arguing that he is trapped in a depressed mood, negative thoughts, and non-action. The analysis shows that these negative factors of depression have formed a vicious circle that makes the protagonist fail to solve his life problems and fall into deeper suffering, which explains the sinking of the protagonist. Besides, Yu Dafus bold presentation of his inner thoughts and personal experiences related to depression reflect a type of narcissistic depression during his creation. The addiction to self-portraiture of depression makes the author immersed in depression, which can be called the sinking of the author.

Endoscopic Diagnosis and Therapy for Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer.

Epstein-Barr-virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) represents almost 7% of all GC and is a distinct subtype of GC with extreme DNA hypermethylation. EBVaGC is a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte-rich tumor with little lymph-node metastasis in its early stage and with a relatively favorable prognosis in its advanced stage. Using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, we recognize EBVaGC as a mainly depressed type with SMT-like protrusion in the upper part of the stomach near the gastric mucosal atrophic border or remnant stomach. The EBVaGC recognition rate of 21.4% with the endoscopic motif is not high, and further progress in endoscopic diagnosis of EBVaGC is needed. As less invasive endoscopic therapy, the extension of the criteria of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early EBVaGC with little lymph-node metastasis should be discussed. Endoscopic diagnosis of EBVaGC may be relevant for the selection of patients who could benefit from endoscopic treatment or chemotherapy.

Endoscopic Features of Undifferentiated-Type Early Gastric Cancer in Patients with Helicobacter pylori-Uninfected or -Eradicated Stomachs: A Comprehensive Review.

Since the indications for endoscopic submucosal dissection have been expanded to include undifferentiated-type early gastric cancers, improvements in preoperative diagnostic ability have been an area of research. There are also concerns about the impact on the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Based on our previous studies, in undifferentiated-type early gastric cancers, magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is useful for delineating the demarcation regardless of the tumor size. Additionally, inflammatory cell infiltration appears to be a cause of misdiagnosis, suggesting that the resolution of inflammation could contribute to the accurate diagnosis of demarcations. As such, the accuracy of demarcation in eradicated and uninfected cases is higher than that in non-eradicated cases. The common features of the endoscopic findings were discoloration under white-light imaging and a predominance of sites in the lower and middle regions. The uninfected group was characterized by smaller tumor size, flat type, more extended intervening parts in magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging, and pure signet ring cell carcinoma. In contrast, the eradication and non-eradication groups were characterized by larger tumor size, depressed type, and wavy microvessels in magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. In this comprehensive review, as described above, we discuss the diagnosis of demarcation of undifferentiated-type early gastric cancers, undifferentiated-type early gastric cancers that developed following H. pylori eradication, and H. pylori-uninfected undifferentiated-type early gastric cancers, with a focus on studies with self-examination and endoscopic findings and describe the future direction.

Endoscopic Features of Undifferentiated-Type Early Gastric Cancer in Patients with Helicobacter pylori-Uninfected or -Eradicated Stomachs: A Comprehensive Review.

Since the indications for endoscopic submucosal dissection have been expanded to include undifferentiated-type early gastric cancers, improvements in preoperative diagnostic ability have been an area of research. There are also concerns about the impact on the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Based on our previous studies, in undifferentiated-type early gastric cancers, magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is useful for delineating the demarcation regardless of the tumor size. Additionally, inflammatory cell infiltration appears to be a cause of misdiagnosis, suggesting that the resolution of inflammation could contribute to the accurate diagnosis of demarcations. As such, the accuracy of demarcation in eradicated and uninfected cases is higher than that in non-eradicated cases. The common features of the endoscopic findings were discoloration under white-light imaging and a predominance of sites in the lower and middle regions. The uninfected group was characterized by smaller tumor size, flat type, more extended intervening parts in magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging, and pure signet ring cell carcinoma. In contrast, the eradication and non-eradication groups were characterized by larger tumor size, depressed type, and wavy microvessels in magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. In this comprehensive review, as described above, we discuss the diagnosis of demarcation of undifferentiated-type early gastric cancers, undifferentiated-type early gastric cancers that developed following H. pylori eradication, and H. pylori-uninfected undifferentiated-type early gastric cancers, with a focus on studies with self-examination and endoscopic findings and describe the future direction.

Architecture Differences and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Passive Continental Margin Basins in East Africa

In this paper, we study the structural characteristics and sedimentary filling differences of the passive continental margin basins of East Africa and establish hydrocarbon accumulation models in different basins. In the research process, the research methods of prototype basin and lithofacies paleogeography restoration, oil and gas reservoir anatomy, two-dimensional seismic data interpretation, etc. The passive continental margin basins in East Africa are divided into four types of passive continental margin basins, namely “rifted type,” “depressed type,” “faulted depression type,” and “reformed delta type,” based on the three prototype stages of intracontinental aborted rift, intracontinental-intercontinental rift, and passive continental margin basin, and the difference in sedimentary filling thickness between rift and depression periods. Finally, the accumulation models of different types of basins are established, and the favorable accumulation combinations and future exploration directions are discussed.

Sustainability of territorial systems in the context of economic indicators

Purpose: of the study is to identify factors and parameters that provide opportunities for sustainable development for territorial systems (regions), based on the analysis of the dynamic series of key statistical indicators.Methods: the basis of the study is the use of various methodological approaches, systemic, multivariate analysis, methodology of institutional reforms. The research methodology is based on the systematization and comparative analysis of the main statistical indicators of the development of the economic and innovative spheres of the Volga Federal District and Russia as a whole, which ultimately makes it possible to identify the growth drivers of territorial systems.Results: the study analyzes the indicators of economic and innovative development of the subjects of the Volga Federal District and Russia. Based on this, four types of sustainability of territorial systems were identified: sustainability of the depressive type, sustainability of the adaptive type, sustainability of the advanced type, sustainability of the innovative type. The type of economic stability was determined for each subject of the region, which made it possible to identify drivers and growth points. In the context of rapidly changing external factors of development, the results obtained are relevant, since they allow us to determine the trajectory of the development of territorial systems.Conclusions and Relevance: economic and innovative indicators of development make it possible to classify the Volga Federal District as a region with an established adaptive type of stability. The drivers of the region's development are developed agriculture, industrial production, high-tech and innovative production. The positive dynamics of the socio-economic indicators of the region with a focus on innovative components ensures an increase in the degree of stability of the regional system. Activation of drivers and stimulation of growth points is the result of the strategy and implementation of socio-economic policy measures to achieve innovation-type sustainability in the region.

Does altering your diet reduce your risk of depression and are any dietary manipulations an effective treatment for depression?

One of the areas of greatest public interest is whether altering your diet can reduce your risk of developing depression and whether there are any dietary manipulations that are effective treatments for depression? Many epidemiological studies have suggested associations between lower rates of depression and specific dietary types (e.g., Mediterranean, ‘anti-inflammatory’, Keto, low carbohydrate and Fish oil-rich) (Dietch et al., 2023). These epidemiological data are buttressed by post hoc analyses of several large-scale clinical trials with other primary outcomes – the PREDIMED study being an exemplar (Sánchez et al., 2013). In addition, the first generation of randomised controlled trials is now available suggesting that a healthier diet pattern especially the Mediterranean diet reduces the symptoms of depression in clinical populations (Jacka et al., 2017).

Effect of a Depression Levels using the DEMATEL Method

Depression can range from mild, moderate, temporary sad episodes to persistent, severe depression. Major depression, also referred to as major depressive disorder, is a more severe kind of depressive disorder called clinical depression. Depression, psychosis, and perinatal or postnatal depression are examples of major depressive disorder types. You could have a light, moderate, or severe sadness diagnosis. If you have any of the following symptoms, your mental health expert may determine that you are depressed: most of the time. In 82 sad patients, reduced hippocampal brain activity was seen according to an fMRI study. Patients who experience negative emotion or depression may have worse cognitive processing due to decreased grey matter and lower functional activity in the hippocampus. In the DSM-IV, severe mental illness (psychotic depression) involves depression, atypical characteristics, decreolization, periodic pattern (seasonal affective disorder), especially postpartum onset. Psychotic depression can occur alone or with psychosis. "At its most basic level, it's what some people have referred to as 'the blues' - the sensation of being unfulfilled in life." When less severe depressive symptoms remain for at least two years, a condition known as chronic depressive disorder, or mild depression, may apply to low-grade depression. A mild but persistent form of depression is called dysthymia. Persistent depression disorder is another name for it. Major depression is occasionally a symptom of this illness. It can be an early sign of depression One of the above clinical conditions (Wilson and many others. Individuals with Alzheimer's disease see a steady decrease in their ability to handle stress. Gartner (1997) put up an intermediary theory for employing individualized music to calm the crowd that takes these components into account. According to the notion, music stimulates the memory of previous events and reveals the prospect of memories connected to pleasant emotions. a calming impact that lessens or calms frantic actions. Failure to mention a depressed mood to one's doctor is relatively typical among Chinese people (Lai &amp; Good 2005; Yeung et al. 2004). Chinese people with depression's views on their health A person with clinically severe depression exhibits a variety of symptoms that affect their performance, including chronic melancholy, a low mood, or a loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, according to one study that concentrated on their physical symptoms. Yet, a person with clinically severe depression also exhibits a number of additional depressive symptoms that impair their ability to go about their daily lives, such as chronic sorrow, a low mood, or a lack of enthusiasm for tasks they once found enjoyable. DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) They are divided into analysis using the Nonmetal mineral product industry, General equipment manufacturing, Mining and washing of coal, Textile industry, Food manufacturing industry It is the interaction between the factors Visualized and assesses dependent relationships Through the structural model Also deals with identifying important. Depression Levels,Anxiety Levels, Stress Levels, Major depression and Antenatal and postnatal depression. Depression Levels in Depression Levels is got the first rank whereas is the Stress Levels is having the Lowest rank. Depression Levels in Depression Levels is got the first rank whereas is the Stress Levels is having the Lowest rank.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ТИПА ТЕМПЕРАМЕНТА С ОСОБЕННОСТЯМИ ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ У ЖЕНЩИН С ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА

The topicality of the research is confirmed by data showing a high incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in the Russian Federation in comparison with other European countries. Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disease have been reported by clinicians to be emotionally unstable during disease exacerbations. This article presents a study of the relationship between psycho-emotional states and individual typological characteristics in women of different ages with GI disease. Levels of indicators of anxiety and depression in women with GI disease were investigated. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of anxiety and depression levels in women with GI diseases in relation to temperament type and age; using correlation analysis, to determine the relationship between neuroticism and emotional state, temperament type, and levels of anxiety and depression in the study participants. The study involved 28 women with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, aged 42 to 72 years. The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used in the research. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that most women with gastrointestinal disorders have an introverted personality type with high neuroticism. It was found that women with a melancholic temperament type had the highest scores on the Personality Anxiety Scale and on the Cognitive-Affective Manifestations of Depression subscale and the General Depression Scale, whereas women with a sanguine temperament type had the lowest scores for all indicators. The results of the study may be of practical importance in providing psychological support to women with gastrointestinal diseases in hospital, taking into account their individual typological characteristics and emotional state.

Changes in Adipokine, Resitin, and BDNF Concentrations in Treatment-Resistant Depression after Electroconvulsive Therapy.

One of the current challenges in psychiatry is the search for answers on how to effectively manage drug-resistant depression. The occurrence of drug resistance in patients is an indication for the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This method is highly effective and usually results in relatively quick health improvement. Despite the knowledge of how ECT works, not all of the biological pathways activated during its use have been identified. Hence, based on the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of depression, we investigated the concentration of two opposite-acting adipokines (anti-inflammatory adiponectin and proinflammatory resistin) and BDNF in antidepressant-resistant patients undergoing ECT. The study group comprised 52 patients hospitalized due to episodes of depression in the course of unipolar and bipolar affective disorder. The serum concentration of adipokines and BDNF was determined before and after the therapeutic intervention using an ELISA method. In the analyses, we also included comparisons considering the type of depression, sex, and achieving remission. Adiponectin, resistin, and BDNF concentrations change after ECT treatment. These changes are correlated with an improvement in the severity of depressive symptoms and are more or less pronounced depending on the type of depression. Although not all observed changes reach statistical significance, adipokines in particular remain exciting candidates for biomarkers in assessing the course of the disease and response to ECT treatment.

A Comprehensive Literary Review of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Ayurvedic Perspective

The reasons for the rise in metabolic disorders in society include busy schedules with abnormally pressured lifestyles, altered food habits and their patterns, insufficient sleep, and a lack of observance of Dincharya, Ritucharya, Ratricharya and Sadvritta. Achieving the unlimited desires in a very short period of time produces different types of anxiety, worry, anger, fear and depression which directly or indirectly leads to various types of G.I. tract disorders and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of them. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which affects most nations and their populations, has become a widespread ailment over time. Reflux, or the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, throat, lungs, and airways, is a common complaint among GERD sufferers. Nowadays people do not follow the rules like ‘Dincharya’ and ‘Ritucharya’. All these things disturb the balance of ‘Tridosha’. In addition to these, addition to various vices such as smoking and alcohol results in the disturbance of normal physiology of the body, which again affects G.I. tract and thus produces G.I. disorders. The Pitta Dosha is disturbed by all of the aforementioned elements. The Vyadhis like Amlapitta, Ajirna, Annadravashoola and Parinamashoola can be correlated with GERD. In Amlapitta there is mainly vitiation of Pitta Dosha. Normally Pitta has Katu Rasa but when Katu Rasa becomes Vidagdha and attains Shuktibhava, it creates Amlata in Amashaya, it is called vitiation of Pitta Dosha. Amlapitta is one of the disorders caused by vitiated Pitta. These three Vyadhis come under Annavaha Srotas and Agnimandya is their underlined cause which should be treated. To gain an insight this review will aim to understand the Ayurvedic perspective of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Sexual orientations in association between childhood maltreatment and depression among undergraduates in mainland of China

BackgroundThere is growing evidence that sexual minorities including lesbian, gay, bisexual and questioning individuals (LGBQ) have significantly higher rates of childhood maltreatment than heterosexuals. However, few studies focused on the association between different type of childhood maltreatment and depression in LGBQs. MethodsCross-sectional study by random sampling was conducted among the undergraduates in mainland of China. A total of 1920 undergraduates from different majors and colleges completed self-report questionnaires to record depression, childhood maltreatment, sexual orientation and other related information. The associations were examined via a set of logistic regression analysis. ResultsCompared to the participants who had never experienced childhood maltreatment, the participants who reported emotional abuse (p < 0.001) and sexual abuse (p < 0.05) had higher odds of depression. The LGBQs have higher risk of being the victims of childhood maltreatment. The prevalence of depression was much higher in the LGBQ than that in the heterosexuals (33.9 % vs 16.1 %, χ2 = 43.627, p < 0.001). Compared to heterosexual adolescents, LGBQs had significantly higher odds of depression (p < 0.001). LimitationsCross-sectional design, self-reported information, and unable to examine underlying protective factors. ConclusionsEmotional abuse, emotional neglect and sexual abuse have stronger association with LGBQ than other kind of childhood maltreatment. Emotional abuse and sexual abuse have stronger association with depression. Sexual abuse has stronger association with depression in LGBQs than heterosexuals. More attention to the mental health should be paid especially in LGBQs to reduce the risk of depression.

Childhood Interpersonal Trauma and Depression of Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: The Mediation Effect of Social Integration.

Objectives: This study investigates the associations between five types of childhood interpersonal trauma (CIT) and depression in mid-later life, as well as the mediation roles of social integration in the associations. Methods: Two waves of data from a nationally representative survey in China were used, with participants aged 45years and older (N = 14,180). Measures of CIT included physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, bullying victimization, and exposure to interparental violence. Binary logistic regression and Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation analysis were used as statistical methods. Results: People who were bullied, physically abused, and witnessed interparental violence during childhood were more likely to develop depression in mid-later years. The associations between CIT and depression were mediated by satisfaction with marriage, satisfaction with children, and perceived social support. Discussion: Although CIT elevates the risk of depression in later life, effective interventions that strengthen integration across family and social domains could benefit mental health.

Latent profile analysis of depression in non-hospitalized elderly patients with hypertension and its influencing factors

BackgroundHypertension is a common chronic disease in the elderly, which seriously affects people's physical and mental health, leading to anxiety, depression and other symptoms. To analyze the types of depression that may occur in elderly patients with non-hospitalized hypertension and explore its influencing factors can reduce the level of depression and improve the quality of life. MethodsBased on the data of the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to establish the potential profile model of elderly hypertensive patients with depression, and multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the influencing factors of patients with depression. Results3514 elderly patients with hypertension could be divided into three potential characteristics of depression: low-level (13.9 %), medium-level (51.9 %) and high-level (34.2 %). Multiple logistic regression showed that anxiety, IADL, age, exercise, economic level, hearing difficulty, self-reported health and visual function predicted the depression of the medium-level in the comparison between the low-level and the medium-level; taking low levels as a reference, anxiety, IADL, co-residence of interviewee, age, exercise, self-reported health marital status and visual function can predict the depression of high-level; anxiety, exercise, self-reported health and marital status predicted the depression of the high-level in the comparison between the medium-level and the high-level. Limitations(1) This study is a cross-sectional study; (2) due to data limitations, other influencing factors may be ignored. ConclusionDepression in elderly patients with hypertension was divided into three potential profiles, which had obvious classification characteristics.

The impact of job loss on mental health during the COVID-19 crisis in Tunisia: analysis based on counterfactual decomposition approach

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of job loss on the mental health of individuals in Tunisia during the COVID-19 crisis. Design/methodology/approach In this research, the authors use the counterfactual decomposition technique and the potential outcome approach. In the first part, the authors calculated mental health indicators for all individuals included in the sample based on the World Health Organization-5 items. The individuals were then grouped into two subpopulations: the first group included those who had lost their jobs and the second group included individuals whose status in the labor market had remained unchanged. In the second part, the authors used the Blinder and Oaxaca decomposition to explain the mean difference in the mental health scores between the two groups and determine the factors contributing to this difference. Findings The empirical results identified symptoms of depressed mood, decreased energy and loss of interest in several individuals. Based on these three symptoms, the authors were able to classify individuals into three types of depression: mild, moderate and severe. In addition, it appeared that job loss had significantly contributed to the worsening mental health of the individuals. Originality/value Although the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak among health-care professionals has been the subject of other studies in health literature on Tunisia, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no research has addressed the impact of job loss on the mental health of Tunisian workers. Thus, this study fills this gap in the literature.

Toward a Precision Treatment Approach for Metabolic Depression: Integrating Epidemiology, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry

BackgroundIndividuals with comorbid major depressive disorder and type 2 diabetes represent an important subgroup of patients for whom conventional treatment may be insufficient. A precision treatment approach that addresses insulin resistance with an outcome of a positive response to antidepressants may prove beneficial. MethodsThis study utilized an emulated target trial on a large dataset from the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart Database. We evaluated the effect of adjuvant pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug, on antidepressant response among 4696 people with type 2 diabetes, comparing it with DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors (non–insulin-sensitizing). An additional analysis involving 6518 participants was conducted to assess the efficacy of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas. ResultsThe instrumental variable analysis indicated that the initiation of an antidepressant with pioglitazone was superior to DPP4 inhibitors in terms of antidepressant response, with fewer treatment shifts and/or additions of new antidepressant or antipsychotic over a 1-year period. This result was consistent when pioglitazone was compared with sulfonylureas in a supplemental analysis. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that pioglitazone may be more effective than DPP4 inhibitors or sulfonylureas in enhancing antidepressant response among people with comorbid major depressive disorder and type 2 diabetes. This provides a strong case for the use of pioglitazone in patients with these conditions, emphasizing the potential of precision medicine strategies. The results should be interpreted with caution due to inherent limitations associated with observational data.

The Relationship Between Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Delivery Method and Postpartum Depression

Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between body mass indexes and delivery types of pregnant women and postpartum depression.&#x0D; Method: The study is descriptive and cross-sectional and involved 164 postpartum women from February to June 2022. Among the inclusion criteria were the age of 20 or older, the fact that one is primiparous or multiparous, having given birth by vaginal birth or cesarean section, and having been in the postpartum period.&#x0D; Results: The average age of the participants was 29.72±4.37, and the mean body mass index was 27.98±3.68. 54.6% of the participants are university graduates, the income of 83.4% is equal to their expenses, and 68.1% of them do not work in any job.. While there was a statistically significant relationship between income status and social security and depression status, there was no statistically significant relationship between body mass index and delivery type and postpartum depression (p&lt; 0.05). &#x0D; Conclusion: Although there was no association between postpartum depression and delivery type or body mass index, income status and social security did show a relationship.

Buffering against exposure to mental health misinformation in online communities on Facebook: the interplay of depression literacy and expert moderation

BackgroundThe proliferation of health misinformation on social media is a growing public health concern. Online communities for mental health (OCMHs) are also considered an outlet for exposure to misinformation. This study explored the impact of the self-reported volume of exposure to mental health misinformation in misinformation agreement and the moderating effects of depression literacy and type of OCMHs participation (expert vs. peer-led).MethodsParticipants (n = 403) were recruited in Italian-speaking OCMHs on Facebook. We conducted regression analyses using PROCESS macro (moderated moderation, Model 3). Measures included: the Depression Literacy Questionnaire (Griffiths et al., 2004), the self-reported misinformation exposure in the OCMHs (3 items), and misinformation agreement with the exposure items (3 items). Whether participants were members of expert or peer-led OCMHs was also investigated.ResultsThe final model explained the 12% variance in the agreement. There was a positive and significant relationship between misinformation exposure and misinformation agreement (β = 0.3221, p < .001), a significant two-way interaction between misinformation exposure and depression literacy (β = − 0.2179, p = .0014 ), and between self-reported misinformation exposure and type of OCMH (β = − 0.2322, p = .0254), such that at higher levels of depression literacy and in case of participation to expert-led OCMHs, the relationship misinformation exposure-misinformation agreement was weaker. Finally, a three-way interaction was found (β = 0.2497, p = .0144) that showed that depression literacy moderated the positive relationship between misinformation exposure and misinformation agreement such that the more misinformation participants were exposed to, the more they agreed with it unless they had higher levels of depression literacy; this, however, occurred only if they participated in peer-led groups.ConclusionsResults provide evidence that the more members reported being exposed to mental health misinformation, the more they tended to agree with it, however this was only visible when participants had lower depression literacy and were participating in peer-led OCMHs. Results of this study suggest that both internal factors (i.e., high depression literacy) and external factors (the type of online community individuals were participating in) can buffer the negative effects of misinformation exposure. It also suggests that increasing depression literacy and expert community moderation could curb the negative consequences of misinformation exposure related to mental health. Results will guide interventions to mitigate the effects of misinformation in OCMHs, including encouraging health professionals in their administration and implementing health education programs.